CN101820270A - High pressure picosecond pulse generator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high pressure picosecond pulse generator, and relates to the structure of the high pressure picosecond pulse generator. The high pressure picosecond pulse generator mainly comprises a power supply system, a marx generator, a peaking switch, a super high-frequency cable, a bottom cutting switch, and a coaxial load. The high pressure picosecond pulse output by the high pressure picosecond pulse generator has the characteristics of adjustable amplitude, changeable pulse width, controllable repetition frequency, compact structure, simple installation, convenient adjustment, stable and reliable work and the like. The high pressure picosecond pulse generator can be widely applied to the industries of communication, radar, medical treatment, geophysical prospecting and the like, and is used as a high pressure picosecond pulse signal source with the known characteristics.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to picopulse generating technique field, be specifically related to a kind of structure of high pressure picosecond pulse generator.
Background technology
The picosecond ultrashort pulse has abundant ultra broadband frequency spectrum (almost from direct current to up to GHz), thereby have very high temporal resolution and a spatial resolution, distorted signals is little, the application of picopulse at present has wide space and prospect, it is all having a wide range of applications aspect communication, radar, medical treatment, the geophysical exploration, so the generation of picopulse and measuring technique just become a current focus and difficult point.
Existing picosecond impulse generator, as application number 200810018225.4 " ultrafast pulse device for power switching and autoexcitation picosecond magnitude output pulses generator ", this patent disclosure be to utilize the picosecond high-speed switch directly to produce the autoexcitation picosecond output pulses generator of psec pulsewidth, be followed in series to form the loop by high-voltage DC power supply and resistance, electric capacity, the minus earth of high-voltage DC power supply; The ultrafast pulse device for power switching is connected by coaxial transmission line with load, and this series arm is in parallel with described electric capacity; The package casing ground connection of ultrafast pulse device for power switching.This generator can only be exported (full width at half maximum) less than 340ps, and rising edge of a pulse is less than 200ps, and amplitude is at the adjustable picopulse of 20V～1000V.And for example application number is 200910071871.1 " based on the picosecond impulse generator of co-planar waveguide ", disclosed is the generator that produces picopulse by means of special formation circuit comes compression energy, this generator is made up of medium substrate, goldleaf, pumping signal co-planar waveguide, step recovery diode, the line of rabbet joint and film absorption resistance, about can only output pulse width 80ps, signal bandwidth can reach 20GHz, and several volts of amplitude are with interior picopulse.More than the major defect of two kinds of picosecond impulse generators be: owing to be subjected to the restriction of components and parts such as switch, its output picopulse amplitude limited (the highest have only 1000V), can not produce high-energy, high amplitude, repetition rate picopulse signal easy to adjust, limit the range of application of ultra broadband picopulse.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is weak point, a kind of high pressure picosecond pulse generator is provided at existing picosecond impulse generator.
Block and obtain the ultra broadband picopulse by the nanosecond pulse that forms being carried out forward position steepness and wave rear, (4kV～100kV) is adjustable, pulsewidth (the controlled high pressure picosecond pulse of variable, repetition rate of 150ps～800ps) for the exportable amplitude of this generator.
Realize the technical scheme of the object of the invention: a kind of high pressure picosecond pulse generator comprises that mainly power-supply system, high voltage direct current module, Marx generator, steepness switch, hyperfrequency cable, tail cut pass, coaxial load.Power-supply system is made up of power supply, power-supply filter, protective tube, mains switch, and power supply is connected with the input of power-supply filter by lead, carries out filtering in order to the power supply to input; The output of power-supply filter is connected with the protective tube input by lead, in order to this generator is carried out overcurrent protection; The protective tube output is connected to mains switch by lead, and this generator input power supply is controlled; Output by the mains switch place is connected to high voltage direct current modular power source end of incoming cables respectively with lead, with thinking that the high voltage direct current module provides reliable and stable AC power; The high voltage direct current source module is commercial module, its high-voltage output end is connected with earth terminal with the power inleting terminal of Marx generator by lead respectively with earth terminal, with thinking that Marx generator provides high-voltage DC power supply, output voltage by regulating the high voltage direct current module and electric current are realized the control to Marx generator output high-voltage nanosecond pulse amplitude and repetition rate respectively.
Marx generator is commercial module, mainly is made up of insulating cylinder, intake valve, air outlet valve, self breakdown gas spark switch (hereinafter to be referred as gas switch), substitutional resistance, equivalent capacitance.Closely be connected with the insulating cylinder two ends by screw thread respectively into and out of air valve, in order to regulating the gas atmosphere in the insulating cylinder, and then the puncture voltage by the adjustments of gas switch, realize the adjusting of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse amplitude of Marx generator output.Equivalent capacitance is cylindrical higfh-tension ceramics electric capacity, and two ends are respectively high and low pressure side, and is embedded with screwed hole respectively, so that link to each other with the components and parts of front and back.The Marx generator compact conformation can independently constitute a module.The low-pressure end of the afterbody electric capacity of Marx generator closely is connected by screw thread with the steepness switch.
The steepness switch is made up of high pressure cylinder electrode, low pressure cylinder electrode, ground connection Copper Foil, electrode hood.The high and low pressure cylinder electrode is copper cylindrical pellet tip electrode, the body diameter of high pressure cylinder electrode is that 15～30mm, length are that 25～35mm, bulb diameter are 15～30mm, there is an outside to be carved with the small cylinder projection of screw thread in the root center of high pressure cylinder electrode, so that link to each other by the low-pressure end of screw thread with the afterbody electric capacity of Marx generator.The body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode is that 15～30mm, length are that 5～7mm, bulb diameter are 15～30mm, has an inside to be carved with the shrinkage pool of screw thread in the root center of low pressure cylinder electrode, is connected in order to the cable core with the hyperfrequency cable.The ground connection Copper Foil is commercial element, and the one end is connected with high voltage direct current module earth terminal, and the other end closely is connected with the cable grounding net of hyperfrequency cable.Electrode hood is that internal diameter is that 15～30mm, external diameter are 25～40mm, highly are the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 45～55mm that electrode hood is installed between the high and low cylinder electrode of steepness switch, and wraps the bulb part of high and low pressure cylinder electrode.The stray capacitance that forms between high pressure cylinder electrode and the ground connection Copper Foil is a steepness electric capacity, carries out steepness in order to the high-voltage nanosecond pulse forward position that Marx generator is exported, and then obtains having the high-voltage nanosecond pulse signal of picosecond steepness.By the clearance distance of threaded adjusting high and low pressure cylinder electrode, thereby adjust its puncture voltage, and then adjust, and cooperate tail to cut the pass, realize that finally the high pressure picosecond pulse amplitude of generator output is regulated through the pulse amplitude after the steepness on-off action.
The hyperfrequency cable is commercial element, from the center to outside be followed successively by cable core, cable insulation, cable grounding net, cable sheath, the cable core of one end and cable grounding net are connected with the ground connection Copper Foil with the shrinkage pool of the low pressure cylinder electrode of steepness switch respectively; The other end is connected with the interface of coaxial load.Be equiped with tail and cut close on the hyperfrequency cable, the hyperfrequency cable is transferred to coaxial load in order to the steepness switch is carried out have a picosecond steepness pulse signal after the steepness after tail cuts the pass effect.
Tail cuts to close by U-shaped folder, electrode needle and constitutes.The U-shaped folder is made of last folder and following folder, last folder and following folder are is with the copper cuff of auritus semi-annular shape, the external diameter coupling of the cable grounding net of internal diameter that its semicircle is bad and hyperfrequency cable, and last folder and down two ear places of folder be provided with the through hole that inwall is carved with screw thread respectively, will go up folder and following clamping connects by screw and screw; The top center place of folder is provided with manhole on U-shaped folder, and the size of through hole and the diameter of electrode needle coupling are carved with screw thread at the inwall of through hole, so that install electrode needle.It is online that U-shaped is installed in a bit of cable grounding of peelling off cable sheath of hyperfrequency cable, and at ogival sections manhole place on this segment hyperfrequency cable and on corresponding to U-shaped folder, be provided with one with manhole circular blind hole of the same size, the degree of depth of blind hole is to the cable core place.Electrode needle is copper cylindrical truncated tip electrode, its outer surface is carved with screw thread, so that be connected by screw thread with the folder of going up of U-shaped folder, electrode needle is fixed in the through hole of ogival sections and inserts in the circular blind hole of hyperfrequency cable by screw thread, the cable core of the conehead of electrode needle and hyperfrequency cable, the height that closes is cut in equivalence for tail respectively, low-field electrode, constitute tail and cut the equivalent self breakdown gas spark switch that closes, by the discharging gap between threaded adjusting electrode needle and the cable core, and then the amplitude and the pulsewidth of regulating the pulse signal with picosecond steepness of hyperfrequency cable transmission after the steepness on-off action, realize that tail cuts the wave rear break-in facility of closing.
Coaxial load is commercial element, mainly is made up of shell, interface, hyperfrequency oxide-film resistance.Shell is copper cylindrical shape cylinder, in order to shielded signal, avoids external interference; Hyperfrequency oxide-film resistance is cylindrical resistance, in order to the high pressure picosecond pulse signal that transmits in the coupling hyperfrequency cable, the end on of the interface of coaxial load and hyperfrequency cable.The coaxial load output signal is high pressure picosecond pulse.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
(1) the Marx generator compact conformation of apparatus of the present invention, easy to adjust, by gas atmosphere control self breakdown gas spark switch puncture voltage in the adjusting insulating cylinder, and then the high-voltage nanosecond pulse amplitude of regulating Marx generator output; Regulate the output current of high voltage direct current module, and then regulate the output pulse frequency of Marx generator, realize that finally generator output high pressure picosecond pulse repetition rate is controlled.
(2) ingenious rationally, the compact conformation of the various piece of apparatus of the present invention design is avoided the inductance of introducing because of lead-in wire.The utilization that the steepness switch designs is appropriate stray capacitance between components and parts and the ground connection Copper Foil, high-voltage nanosecond pulse to Marx generator output carries out the forward position steepness, block effect by regulating steepness switch main discharge gap and cooperating tail to cut the back-end crop that closes, final implement device is exported pulse amplitude, pulsewidth is adjustable.
(3) apparatus of the present invention compactness, reliable operation, each part independently becomes piece, install easy to adjust, (4kV～100kV) is adjustable, pulsewidth (the controlled high pressure picosecond pulse of variable, repetition rate of 150ps～800ps) to export pulse amplitude, can be effectively as the signal source of UWB Impulse radiating antenna (IRA), and can be used as a known features, can produce specific ultra-high frequency signal source, for the transmission characteristic of research hyperfrequency pulse signal is laid a good foundation.
(4) the present invention also can be widely used in the industries such as communication, radar, medical treatment, geophysical exploration, as the high pressure picosecond pulse signal source of known features.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the steepness construction of switch schematic diagram among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that the tail among Fig. 1 cuts the pass structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the output pulse waveform figure of present embodiment 1.
Among the figure: 1 cylinder projection, 2 high pressure cylinder electrodes, 3 electrode hoods, 4 low pressure cylinder electrodes, 5 shrinkage pools, 6 ground connection Copper Foils, 7 times folders, folder on 8,9 cable grounding nets, 10 electrode needle, 11 cable insulations, 12 cable cores.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1～3, a kind of high pressure picosecond pulse generator comprises that mainly power-supply system, high voltage direct current module, Marx generator, steepness switch, hyperfrequency cable, tail cut pass, coaxial load.Power-supply system is made up of power supply, power-supply filter, protective tube, mains switch, and power supply is the civil power of 220V/50Hz, and is connected with the input of power-supply filter by lead, carries out filtering in order to the power supply to input; The output of power-supply filter is connected with the protective tube input by lead, in order to this generator is carried out overcurrent protection; The protective tube output is connected to mains switch by lead, and this generator input power supply is controlled; Output by the mains switch place is connected to high voltage direct current modular power source end of incoming cables respectively with lead, so that provide reliable and stable AC power for the high voltage direct current module; The high voltage direct current source module is commercial module, its high-voltage output end is connected with earth terminal with the power inleting terminal of Marx generator by lead respectively with earth terminal, with thinking that Marx generator provides high-voltage DC power supply, output voltage by regulating the high voltage direct current module and electric current are realized the control to Marx generator output high-voltage nanosecond pulse amplitude and repetition rate respectively.
Marx generator is commercial module, mainly is made up of insulating cylinder, intake valve, air outlet valve, self breakdown gas spark switch (hereinafter to be referred as gas switch), substitutional resistance, equivalent capacitance.Closely be connected with the insulating cylinder two ends by screw thread respectively into and out of air valve, in order to regulating the gas atmosphere in the insulating cylinder, and then the puncture voltage by the adjustments of gas switch, realize the adjusting of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse amplitude of Marx generator output.Equivalent capacitance is cylindrical higfh-tension ceramics electric capacity, and two ends are respectively high and low pressure side, and is embedded with screwed hole respectively, so that link to each other with the components and parts of front and back.The Marx generator compact conformation can independently constitute a module.The low-pressure end of the afterbody electric capacity of Marx generator closely is connected by screw thread with the steepness switch.
The steepness switch is made up of high pressure cylinder electrode 2, low pressure cylinder electrode 4, ground connection Copper Foil 6, electrode hood 3.High and low pressure cylinder electrode 2,4 is copper cylindrical pellet tip electrode, the body diameter of high pressure cylinder electrode 2 is that 15mm, length are that 25mm, bulb diameter are 15mm, there is an outside to be carved with the small cylinder projection 1 of screw thread in the root center of high pressure cylinder electrode 2, so that link to each other by the low-pressure end of screw thread with the afterbody electric capacity of Marx generator.The body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode 4 is that 15mm, length are that 5mm, bulb diameter are 15mm, has an inside to be carved with the shrinkage pool 5 of screw thread in the root center of low pressure cylinder electrode 4, in order to be connected with the cable core 12 of hyperfrequency cable.Ground connection Copper Foil 6 is commercial element, and the one end is connected with high voltage direct current module earth terminal, and the other end closely is connected with the cable grounding net 9 of hyperfrequency cable.Electrode hood 3 is that 15mm, external diameter are 25mm, highly are that the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 45mm, electrode hood 3 are installed between the high and low cylinder electrode 2,4 of steepness switch for internal diameter, and wraps the bulb part of high and low pressure cylinder electrode 2,4.The stray capacitance that forms between high pressure cylinder electrode 2 and the ground connection Copper Foil 6 is a steepness electric capacity, carries out steepness in order to the high-voltage nanosecond pulse forward position that Marx generator is exported, and then obtains having the high-voltage nanosecond pulse signal of picosecond steepness.By the clearance distance of threaded adjusting high and low pressure cylinder electrode 2,4, thereby adjust its puncture voltage, and then adjust, and cooperate tail to cut the pass, realize that finally the high pressure picosecond pulse amplitude of generator output is regulated through the pulse amplitude after the steepness on-off action.
The hyperfrequency cable is commercial element, from the center to outside be followed successively by cable core 12, cable insulation 11, cable grounding net 9, cable sheath, the cable core 12 of one end and cable grounding net 9 are connected with ground connection Copper Foil 6 with the shrinkage pool 5 of the low pressure cylinder electrode 4 of steepness switch respectively; The other end is connected with the interface of coaxial load.Be equiped with tail and cut close on the hyperfrequency cable, the hyperfrequency cable is transferred to coaxial load in order to the steepness switch is carried out the pulse signal with picosecond steepness after the steepness after tail cuts the pass effect.
Tail cuts to close by U-shaped folder, electrode needle 10 and constitutes.The U-shaped folder is made of last folder 8 and following folder 7, last folder and following folder are is with the copper cuff of auritus semi-annular shape, the external diameter coupling of the cable grounding net 9 of internal diameter that its semicircle is bad and hyperfrequency cable, and last folder 8 and down two ear places of folder 7 be provided with the through hole that inwall is carved with screw thread respectively, will go up folder and following clamping connects by screw and screw; The top center place of folder 8 is provided with manhole on U-shaped folder, and the diameter coupling of the size of through hole and electrode needle 10 is carved with screw thread at the inwall of through hole, so that install electrode needle 10.U-shaped is installed on a bit of cable grounding net 9 of peelling off cable sheath of hyperfrequency cable, and pressing from both sides 8 top circular through holes on this segment hyperfrequency cable and on corresponding to the U-shaped folder, be provided with one with manhole circular blind hole of the same size, blind hole depth is to cable core 12 places.Electrode needle 10 is copper cylindrical truncated tip electrode, its outer surface is carved with screw thread, so that be connected by screw thread with the folder 8 gone up of U-shaped folder, electrode needle 10 is fixed in the through hole that presss from both sides 8 tops and inserts in the circular blind hole of hyperfrequency cable by screw thread, the cable core 12 of the conehead of electrode needle 10 and hyperfrequency cable, the height that closes is cut in equivalence for tail respectively, low-field electrode, constitute tail and cut the equivalent self breakdown gas spark switch that closes, by the discharging gap between threaded adjusting electrode needle 10 and the cable core 12, and then the amplitude and the pulsewidth of regulating the pulse signal with picosecond steepness of hyperfrequency cable transmission after the steepness on-off action, realize that tail cuts the wave rear break-in facility of closing.
Coaxial load is commercial element, mainly is made up of shell, interface, hyperfrequency oxide-film resistance.Shell is copper cylindrical shape cylinder, in order to shielded signal, avoids external interference; Hyperfrequency oxide-film resistance is cylindrical resistance, in order to the high pressure picosecond pulse signal that transmits in the coupling hyperfrequency cable, the end on of the interface of coaxial load and hyperfrequency cable.The coaxial load output signal is high pressure picosecond pulse.
A kind of high pressure picosecond pulse generator, with embodiment 1, wherein: the body diameter of high pressure cylinder electrode 2 is that 20mm, length are that 30mm, bulb diameter are 20mm, the body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode 4 is that 20mm, length are that 6mm, bulb diameter are 20mm, and electrode hood 3 is that 20mm, external diameter are 35mm, highly are the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 50mm for internal diameter.
A kind of high pressure picosecond pulse generator, with embodiment 1, wherein: the body diameter of high pressure cylinder electrode 2 is that 30mm, length are that 35mm, bulb diameter are 30mm, the body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode 4 is that 30mm, length are that 7mm, bulb diameter are 30mm, and electrode hood 3 is that 30mm, external diameter are 40mm, highly are the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 55mm for internal diameter.
Experimental result
High pressure picosecond pulse generator with present embodiment 1 is tested.Adjust gas atmosphere in the Marx generator insulating cylinder, when high voltage direct current module charging voltage is 4kV, the self breakdown gas spark switch of Marx generator punctures successively, adopt the coaxial Voltage Divider Measuring System of high-performance to measure the pulse signal that transmits in the hyperfrequency cable, utilize oscilloscope to observe to recording signal, the oscilloscope output waveform is as shown in Figure 5: pulse amplitude 7.4V, halfwidth pulsewidth 600ps, in trailing edge (10%～90%) 200ps, because the whole measuring system voltage ratio is 4300, the actual 31.82kV that is about of picopulse amplitude of generator output then.Constantly regulate high voltage direct current module output voltage, electric current, adjust steepness switch main discharge gap, and cooperating tail to cut the pass effect, this generator is exportable can be exported pulse amplitude (4kV～100kV) is adjustable, pulsewidth (the controlled high pressure picosecond pulse of variable, repetition rate of 150ps～800ps).
By above-mentioned experimental result as seen: utilization of the present invention is carried out forward position steepness and wave rear to the nanosecond pulse that forms and is blocked and obtain the method for ultra broadband picopulse and apparatus of the present invention of developing, its output picopulse amplitude is much larger than the pulse amplitude that utilizes other dual modes to produce, and this generator architecture compactness, discharge stability, easy to use, but and multi-parameter (pulse amplitude, pulsewidth, repetition rate etc.) flexible, independent regulation on a large scale, can be effectively as the signal source of UWB Impulse radiating antenna (IRA), and can be used as known features, can produce specific ultra-high frequency signal source, for the transmission characteristic of research hyperfrequency pulse signal is laid a good foundation.
Claims (4)
1. high pressure picosecond pulse generator, mainly comprise power-supply system, the high voltage direct current module, Marx generator, the hyperfrequency cable, coaxial load, it is characterized in that steepness switch in addition, tail cuts and closes, the steepness switch is by high pressure cylinder electrode (2), low pressure cylinder electrode (4), ground connection Copper Foil (6), electrode hood (3) is formed, high, low pressure cylinder electrode (2,4) be copper cylindrical pellet tip electrode, the body diameter of high pressure cylinder electrode (2) is 15～30mm, length is 25～35mm, the bulb diameter is 15～30mm, there is an outside to be carved with the cylinder projection (1) of screw thread in the root center of high pressure cylinder electrode (2), the body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode (4) is 15～30mm, length is 5～7mm, the bulb diameter is 15～30mm, there is an inside to be carved with the shrinkage pool of screw thread (5) in the root center of low pressure cylinder electrode (4), ground connection Copper Foil (6) is commercial element, the one end is connected with high voltage direct current module earth terminal, the other end closely is connected with the cable grounding net (9) of hyperfrequency cable, electrode hood (3) is 15～30mm for internal diameter, external diameter is 25～40mm, it highly is the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 45～55mm, electrode hood (3) is installed in the height of steepness switch, low cylinder electrode (2,4) between, and wrap height, low pressure cylinder electrode (2,4) bulb part, the stray capacitance that forms between high pressure cylinder electrode (2) and the ground connection Copper Foil (6) is a steepness electric capacity, by the threaded adjusting height, low pressure cylinder electrode (2,4) clearance distance;
Tail cuts to close by U-shaped folder, electrode needle (10) and constitutes, the U-shaped folder is made of last folder (8) and following folder (7), last folder (8) and following folder (7) are is with the copper cuff of auritus semi-annular shape, the external diameter of the cable grounding net (9) of internal diameter that its semicircle is bad and hyperfrequency cable is complementary, and last folder (8) and down two ear places of folder (7) be provided with the through hole that inwall is carved with screw thread respectively, will go up folder (8) and following press from both sides (7) are affixed by screw and screw; The top center place of folder (8) is provided with manhole on the U-shaped folder, the diameter coupling of the size of through hole and electrode needle (10), inwall at through hole is carved with screw thread, U-shaped is installed on a bit of cable grounding net (9) of peelling off cable sheath of hyperfrequency cable, and pressing from both sides (8) top circular through hole on this segment hyperfrequency cable and on corresponding to the U-shaped folder, be provided with one with manhole circular blind hole of the same size, the degree of depth of blind hole to cable core (12) is located, electrode needle (10) is copper cylindrical truncated tip electrode, its outer surface is carved with screw thread, electrode needle (10) is fixed in the through hole at folder (8) top and inserts in the circular blind hole of hyperfrequency cable by screw thread, the cable core (12) of the conehead of electrode needle (10) and hyperfrequency cable, the height that closes is cut in equivalence for tail respectively, low-field electrode constitutes tail and cuts the equivalent self breakdown gas spark switch that closes.
2. according to the described a kind of high pressure picosecond pulse generator of claim 1, the body diameter that it is characterized in that high pressure cylinder electrode (2) is that 15mm, length are that 25mm, bulb diameter are 15mm, the body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode (4) is that 15mm, length are that 5mm, bulb diameter are 15mm, and electrode hood (3) is that 15mm, external diameter are 25mm, highly are the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 45mm for internal diameter.
3. according to the described portable high-voltage nanosecond squarer of claim 1, the body diameter that it is characterized in that high pressure cylinder electrode (2) is that 20mm, length are that 30mm, bulb diameter are 20mm, the body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode (4) is that 20mm, length are that 6mm, bulb diameter are 20mm, and electrode hood (3) is that 20mm, external diameter are 35mm, highly are the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 50mm for internal diameter.
4. according to the described portable high-voltage nanosecond squarer of claim 1, the body diameter that it is characterized in that high pressure cylinder electrode (2) is that 25mm, length are that 35mm, bulb diameter are 25mm, the body diameter of low pressure cylinder electrode (4) is that 25mm, length are that 7mm, bulb diameter are 25mm, and electrode hood (3) is that 25mm, external diameter are 40mm, highly are the cylindrical tubular plexiglass tent of 55mm for internal diameter.
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