CN101819102A - Water-sample automatic in-situ acquisition and analysis instrument - Google Patents
Water-sample automatic in-situ acquisition and analysis instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN101819102A CN101819102A CN200910227957A CN200910227957A CN101819102A CN 101819102 A CN101819102 A CN 101819102A CN 200910227957 A CN200910227957 A CN 200910227957A CN 200910227957 A CN200910227957 A CN 200910227957A CN 101819102 A CN101819102 A CN 101819102A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface-water and ground water automatic depth-setting in-situ sampling apparatus, comprising a sampling machine, a control panel, a sampling support that strides over the cable for the sampling machine, and a sampler connected at the free end of the cable, wherein, the sampling machine and the sampler are equipped with control devices that can realize automatic control during the sampling process. In the invention, a control system is equipped with an auto mode and a manual mode, wherein, in the auto mode, the sampling process can be full-automatically finished without manual intervention, thus the water sample with preset depth can be accurately acquired and time record can be made. The sampling support adopts a simple and reasonable hardware assembly structure that is conveniently carried and disassembled and assembled easily, thus achieving in-situ water sample acquisition at preset depth, avoiding contact between the water sample and an external atmospheric system or water bodies in different layers, reducing the loss of volatile components and greatly lowering cross contamination in the sampling process. The sampling apparatus can be also used for in-situ measuring physical parameters and water quality parameters of the water sample and automatically storing, transmitting and reading the parameters, and measuring the water quality parameters in different depth and different time in the same position respectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surface water and groundwater automatic in-situ sampling analysis instrument, especially for the collection of water sample in the Study of Water Environment field and the device of on-the-spot in-situ test surface water and groundwater the physical-chemical parameters.
Background technology
Analyzing data reliably is basic guarantee of accurate evaluating water quality situation and pollution level, and the sample collecting process is the important step that influences the data analysis reliability, different water sampling methods can cause interference in various degree to the various components in the water sample, especially the volatilization and the organic component that partly volatilizees, extensive existence and content are very low in environment, the laboratory belongs to the trace analysis category on detecting, and as easy as rolling off a log changing is the higher technical requirement of acquisition technique proposition of underground water sample.
China still belongs to the starting stage to the research of underground water sampling method at present, takes a sample by drawing water basically or pours water with the sampling equipment of simple and easy gravity entry, is difficult to satisfy the depthkeeping sampling and keeps the metastable requirement in sampling process of each component of former water sample.Chinese patent 200720100866.5 discloses a kind of surface water depthkeeping sampler, and it comprises gathers tube and gather bar, gathers in the tube and is provided with sampling bottle; Can accurately gather the water sample of predetermined depth in the water sampling process, but the water sample original position directly enters into sampling bottle, time that water sample contacts with ambient atmosphere is short, has effectively reduced in the sample loss with volatile component, has reduced cross-infection; Owing to designed solenoid valve and sensor on the sampling thief, made sampling process realize control automatically.But this sampler has only been realized semi-automatic sampling, and whole sampling process still needs to finish manually; The change of predetermined depth implements more loaded down with trivial details, and level sensor need be displaced to the fixed position can realize; The butt joint rod-type increases thief rod entry distance, and very big greater than 10 meters surface water water sampling difficulty greater than 10 meters underground water or water level and sampling spot place difference in height for depth to water, the butt joint of thief rod and dismounting are also quite loaded down with trivial details; And the same with other sampling technique, need the physical and chemical index of on-the-spot test water sample can only be got to pour in the container behind the face of land to test, this can not get reliable assurance with regard to making in the water sample to the responsive component of test condition reaction.
For obtaining water sample in the true water quality situation of original system, adopt current chamber abroad when testing at the scene, flowing through current chamber by water body comes simulated water sample original system state to test, improved the accuracy of on-the-spot test, reduced the error between the physical-chemical parameters test value such as water temperature, pH value, conductivity and the actual value, but these parameters are responsive to the surrounding environment reaction, breaking away from original system just can change, if the in-situ test sampled point is scheduled to sampling depth water body the physical-chemical parameters, then can represent the actual value of water sample original system.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of surface water and groundwater automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and, can realize full-automatic depthkeeping in-situ sampling and on-the-spot in-situ test physical and chemical index, thereby obtain the most for deliberation near water sample original position actual value.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: this underground water automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and, it comprises sampler, also comprises Sampling Machine, control panel, strides around the sampling support of Sampling Machine cable and is connected the sampling thief that the cable free end comprises sampler;
Described Sampling Machine comprises motor, twisted wire dish, pulley and the scrambler that is fixedly connected on the mechanical pedestal, and the Sampling Machine control device that is electrically connected with reducing motor and scrambler, scrambler and pulley spindle are to being connected, and reducing motor axially is connected with the twisted wire dish.
Described sampler is positioned at sampling thief as the part of sampling thief.The sampler design has the internal control card, and sampling jar can be wherein built-in, and the bottom is provided with solenoid valve as going into taps, and the top is provided with vent port, is provided with non-return valve in the vent port; Sampling thief also comprises the geometrical clamp on the sample bucket outer wall that is arranged on sampler, and reaches the sampling thief control device that is connected with sensor electrical by the sensor that geometrical clamp connects.
It further improves and is: by cable communication, adopt the RS485 communication mode between described Sampling Machine control device and sampling thief control device.
It further improves and is: described sampling thief control device is positioned at the sampling thief bottom, is provided with dividing plate between bottom and the sampler.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described sensor is level sensor, temperature sensor, pH value electrode or conductivity electrode, perhaps any two or more combination wherein.
The invention technological progress is: owing to adopted above technical scheme, can preestablish desired parameters such as the depth of water, sample time, need not manual intervention, automatically finish sampling process, can accurately gather the water sample of predetermined depth and special time; Realize predetermined depth in-situ acquisition water sample, avoided water sample to contact, reduced the volatile constituent loss, greatly reduce the possibility of sampling process cross pollution with ambient atmosphere system or different layers position water body; The most important thing is to carry out original position and directly test the also the physical-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH value and conductivity of reading displayed storage water body, also can carry out detailed DATA REASONING storage such as time, depth to water simultaneously and show that the water body the physical-chemical parameters of different predetermined depths is measured and stored in the realization entry automatically; Measure the water quality parameter of certain depth different time, and can draw each parameter change curve in time; Automatic control system can also be connected with the PC serial ports, and the support of reliable real-time in-situ data is provided for research work.
The hardware configuration of this underground water surface water automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and is taked the design of each several part function opposite independent, can be the sampling purpose and carries out independent assortment and expansion, can select corresponding measurement parameter as required or change suitable sample mode.Be connected by cable between Sampling Machine and the sampling thief, solved waterborne with communicate by letter between the control device under water and the problem of sampling thief lifting; The sampling thief control device is positioned at the bottom interlayer of sampling thief, avoids and the contacting of water, and has strengthened the insulating property of device; Control system also is provided with automatically and manual work pattern, when condition does not satisfy requiring of automatic operation mode, can adopt manual work pattern, meets the different needs.What sampling support of the present invention adopted is the hardware composing structure of advantages of simple, is convenient for carrying, and is easy to dismounting, for the transportation and the installation of constructing provides great convenient.
Sampler covers bleeder vent and is provided with non-return valve, prevent the water inlet of sampler top, get rid of gas in the sampler simultaneously, this structure sampler by with two kinds of advanced persons' sampler (bucket sampler and the peristaltic pump) contrast test of taking a sample in the industry, fully proved its superiority on volatility organic contamination water sample is gathered, proved that simultaneously three kinds of samplers have good comparability in the inorganic samples collection.
With three groups of underground water samples of three kinds of same time period parallel acquisitions of sampler ,-4 ℃ keep in Dark Place, and the same day, the sampling method contrast test was carried out in censorship.160 of organic contamination components are analyzed in organic analysis sample censorship ALS laboratory, Hong Kong.Inorganic analysis sample censorship Guangdong Province material experiment inspection center analyzes 38 of inorganic components.
The identical time period, same sampling spot, same operating personnel, can not separate out under the situation that the potential pollution source of target stains material exists in operating process, it is more little that different samplers are gathered in the water samples volatile organic constituents value of detecting, and it is big more to characterize the loss that this method causes volatile constituent in the sample collecting process.Be considered as this sample loss is zero to this component in gatherer process respectively detecting the peaked sample of certain volatile organic constituents, calculating in the sample collecting process three kinds of samplers to the relative loss degree (formula 1 of different volatile organic contaminants, table 1), and obtain in every kind of sampling method sample collecting process average loss degree (formula 2) to volatile organic contaminant, the result is as shown in Figure 1: with every organic contamination component maximal value that detects is benchmark, the present invention, bucket sampler and peristaltic pump are respectively 0% to the average loss degree of volatile organic contaminant, 5.76% and 43.19%, apparent the present invention is better than bucket sampler and peristaltic pump sampling in the water sample collection work that obtains volatility organic contamination component concentration.
L
Ij: sampler i is to the relative loss degree of volatile organic contaminant j in the sample collecting process.
Z
Max: the Cmax that adopts the volatile organic contaminant j that three kinds of samplers detect.
Z
Ij: the concentration of the volatile organic contaminant j that the sample that adopts sampler i to gather detects.
L
i: sampler i is to the average loss degree of volatile organic contaminant in the sample collecting process.
M
i: sampler i detects organic contamination component quantity.
The different samplers of table 1 are to detecting volatile organic constituents extent of damage table (%)
The inorganic analysis data presentation, the water sample analysis result of three kinds of sampler collections has correspondence preferably, because analysis result does not have the actual value reference, the sample analysis data that different samplers obtain are calculated (formula 3) by relative deviation, add up the distributed area of the test result relative deviation that test result that every kind of sampler obtains obtains with respect to other two kinds of samplers.According to " geological and mineral lab investigation quality control procedure " (DZ/T0130-2006) and " multiple goal regional geochemistry investigation standard " (DD2005-01) relevant regulations, detect concentration less than 0.025mg/L analyze component lab analysis relative deviation be less than 30% qualified, thereby statistics the time abandon concentration less than the 0.025mg/L relative deviation less than 30% analysis result, for the analysis result of concentration greater than 0.025mg/L, because no laboratory allows the relative deviation value, can't reject, be divided into and surpass 10%, surpass 20% and surpass three intervals of analysis component number of 30% and add up (table 2), the result shows that three kinds of samplers are little to the influence degree difference of water sample inorganic component, surpass 10% and 20% from relative deviation and analyze the component number, three kinds of sampler orders of quality are followed successively by: peristaltic pump, the present invention and bucket sampler, surpass 30% from relative deviation and analyze the component number, the present invention is better than other two kinds of samplers.
Δ: relative deviation
A, b: the test value that same fractions tested adopts different samplers to obtain
The different sampler sample analysis of table 2 are relative deviation distributed area statistics (individual) as a result
| Sampling equipment | ??＞＝10％ | ??＞＝20％ | ??＞＝30％ |
| The present invention | ??14 | ??10 | ??7 |
| Peristaltic pump | ??12 | ??10 | ??10 |
| The bucket sampler | ??16 | ??13 | ??9 |
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a Sampling Machine part-structure synoptic diagram among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sampling thief part-structure synoptic diagram among Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 detects situation and average extent of damage control reference figure for volatile organic constituents of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further elaborated.
The present invention includes Sampling Machine 1, control panel, stride and be connected the free-ended sampling thief 2 of cable around the sampling support 3 of Sampling Machine cable.
The data input/output terminal of Sampling Machine control device 12 connects control panel, and control panel comprises organic glass shell, LCD display, keyboard, mode of operation pilot lamp, electric quantity of power supply pilot lamp and alarm buzzer.With the keyboard input sample degree of depth and selection mode of operation; LCD shows sampling and water quality parameter information, specifically comprises depth to water, sampling depth, time, water quality parameter (pH value, conductivity and temperature and these water quality parameters be change curve in time); The mode of operation pilot lamp is used to indicate selected pattern; The electric quantity of power supply pilot lamp is used for mode of operation and selects and the battery charge reference; Alarm buzzer sent warning when the sampling thief arrival water surface and sampling were finished.
Sampling thief 2 comprises sampling thief control device 21, level sensor 24, temperature sensor 25, pH value sensor 26, conductivity sensor 27, solenoid valve 22 and sampler 23; Sampling thief control device 21 is electrically connected respectively with between solenoid valve 22, each sensor; Sampling thief control device 21 and solenoid valve 22 are installed in the interlayer of sampler 23 base seals, and the top of interlayer is sample bucket, and the sample bucket outer wall is provided with fixing card 28, is used for fixing each sensor 24～27; The bottom of sample bucket was the water dividing plate, 1L half volatile organic sampling bottle and the 40ml volatility organic sampling bottle of top for fastening by internal control, and the sampling bung is threaded with the sample bucket main body, and bung is provided with the non-return valve vent port.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
In the underground water collection and measuring, after adopting the correct connection of the present invention, give each control device energising, can select automatic sampling mode and manual sampling mode by the control panel keyboard, also be provided with automatic fixing depth sampling, single measurement under the sampling mode automatically, repeatedly measure, four kinds of patterns of continuous coverage.Be described in detail with regard to various patterns respectively below.
(1) manual work pattern
When adopting manual work pattern, Sampling Machine control device 12 is transferred to sampling thief control device 21 with configuration information by cable 15, and sampling is carried out with manual mode.Sampling thief control device 21 starts the self-timing time-delay after receiving manual mode information, is that sampling thief 2 is manually transferred to required time in the water during this fixed response time; After delaying time, sampling thief control device 21 sends signal opens solenoid valve 22, takes a sample; Through after the 2min time-delay, sampling jar has been filled water sample again, and sampling thief control device 21 control electromagnetic valve 22 again cuts out.After the total time-delay of the automatic sampling of setting greater than sampling thief control device 21, sampling thief 2 is manually proposed, return the face of land and finish sampling process.
(2) automatic operation mode
Sampling thief control device 21 is opened and by behind the default desired parameters of control panel (as the depth of water etc.), be need not manual intervention, finishes sampling process automatically, realizes automatically sampling.Accurately gather predetermined depth and the water sample of time simultaneously, realize accurate depthkeeping timing sampling.When sampling system was worked with automated manner, Sampling Machine control device 12 sent brake signal, and machine operation is in on-position.
A. automatic fixing depth sampling mode
Select the automatic fixing depth sampling mode, can finish automatic fixing depth sampling process and depth to water and measure.Control panel LCD can show the sampling depth that sets, and Sampling Machine control device 12 is transferred to sampling thief control device 21 with parameters such as the mode of operation of keyboard input and the depth of waters, and the while drive motor is started working; Motor rotates and drives twisted wire dish 14 rotations payout 15 down, cable 15 drives the wheel shaft that connects scrambler 16 by pulley 17 and rotates, scrambler 16 rotates synchronously, by scrambler 16 feedback pulse signals, capture pulse by Sampling Machine control device 12 and transfer length to calculate cable 15, and then the upright position that draws sampling thief 2, the location of realizing sampling thief 2.
When cable 15 is descending, its free-ended sampling thief 2 is also descending thereupon, when sampling thief 2 reaches the water surface, level sensor 24 is because the buoyancy turning circuit, provide sampling thief control device 21 1 electric signal, sampling thief control device 21 transmits it to Sampling Machine control device 12 after capturing this signal, trigger buzzer warning, Sampling Machine control device 12 is according to scrambler 16 umber of pulses that captured simultaneously, calculate the upright position of sampling thief 2, be depth to water, and show depth to water by LCD.
After sampling thief 2 arrives designated depth, send sampled signal according to scrambler 16 impulse sampling machine control device 12 braking motors that capture and to sampling thief control device 21, sampling thief control device 21 sends unblanking solenoid valve 22, water enters sampling thief 2 in position, and LCD shows this sampling instant simultaneously; Sampling thief control device 21 starts the 2min time-delay again simultaneously, and after delaying time, water is filled, and solenoid valve 22 is closed in control automatically again, and sampling is finished and sent signal by sampling thief control device 21 to Sampling Machine control device 12.
Sampling Machine control device 12 sends instruction control motor backward rotation after receiving the signal that sampling thief control device 21 sampling finishes, and upwards promotes sampling thief 2.Carry in the process on the sampling thief 2, scrambler 16 works on, and Sampling Machine control device 12 calculates the length of cable 15 by catching pulse, and compares with the setting sampling depth; When equating, illustrate that sampling thief 2 arrives ground, motor braking, sampling process finishes, and Sampling Machine control device 12 triggers buzzer warning.
B. single measurement pattern
When starting the single measurement pattern, underground water automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and will be finished the automatic fixing depth sampling and depth to water is measured, and mainly measure water temperature, pH value and the conductivity of water sample.
Depth to water is measured identical with the automatic fixing depth sampling mode with the automatic fixing depth sampling process under the single measurement pattern.Different is in the time of sampling thief control device 21 opens solenoid valve 22, longer time-delay will be started, to test temperature, pH value and the conductivity of water body during this time successively, automatically storage after test is finished, and water quality parameter is sent to sampling thief control device 21 by sampling thief control device 21, water quality parameter is shown and shows temporal information in real time; After delaying time, solenoid valve 22 cuts out, and sampling thief control device 21 sends sampling and measures the signal of finishing to Sampling Machine control device 12.
Automatically temperature, pH value and the conductivity process of measuring water sample are: after sampling thief control device 21 starts time-delay, to enable the analog/digital conversion device, the measurement numerical value of beginning reading temperature sensor 25, pH value sensor 26 and conductivity sensor 27, after measurement is finished institute is surveyed data transmission to sampling thief control device 21, carry out data storage and analysis, and then be transferred to Sampling Machine control device 12.
Carry sampling thief 2 on after Sampling Machine control device 12 receives sampling and measures the signal of finishing, process is consistent with automatic fixing depth sampling mode process.The parameter of measuring is transferred to Sampling Machine control device 12 by the RS485 communication mode and shows on the LCD of control panel, and while Sampling Machine control device 12 can also be sent to PC by serial ports and carry out the water quality parameter data presentation.
C. many measurement patterns
When starting repeatedly measurement pattern, can finish depth to water and measure, realize the measurement of water temperature, pH value and the conductivity of different depth water sample.Sampling Machine control device 12 can be imported the number of times of required measurement and the degree of depth of measurement, for example: in the time of need measuring 4 different degree of depth, can set 4 degree of depth, import depth value more respectively.
Before sampling thief 2 arrived first degree of depth, the course of work was with sampling mode is consistent automatically.When arriving a degree of depth, motor braking, the measurement of a water quality parameter of sampling thief 2 beginnings, process is the same with the single parameter measurement, and different solenoid valves 22 can not opened water sampling.After Sampling Machine 1 was delayed time, starter motor rotated, and drive sampling thief 2 continues descending, and sampling thief 2 startups are simultaneously delayed time again, and process is with depthkeeping is identical for the first time.Finish until the measurement of whole set depth water quality parameter and so forth; Afterwards, Sampling Machine control device 12 control driven by motor sampling thiefs 2 are up, and process is consistent with the automatic fixing depth sampling mode.
Repeatedly the measurement pattern process finishes, and is transferred to Sampling Machine control device 12 by the RS485 mode after the data storage of measurement, also can be uploaded to PC through Sampling Machine 1 serial ports simultaneously and show and analysis.
D. continuous coverage pattern
During startup, underground water automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and will be finished depth to water, and the long-time continuous of the water temperature of certain depth, pH value and conductivity is measured.Select continuous coverage mode of operation, the input depth of water and Measuring Time by keyboard, Measuring Time information will be sent to sampling thief control device 21 by Sampling Machine control device 12.
Before sampling thief 2 arrived designated depth, the course of work was with sampling mode is consistent automatically.After arriving designated depth, sampling thief 2 begins to measure temperature, pH value and three kinds of water quality parameters of conductivity, and the parameter that records is transferred to Sampling Machine control device 12; Sampling Machine control device 12 is stored water quality parameter with measuring the moment, and parameter value is presented in real time on the LCD of control panel; Also can select the time dependent real-time curve of each water quality parameter is drawn out this moment by keyboard, intuitively shows.
Measuring Time arrives, and sampling thief 2 stops to measure, and sends to measure to the Sampling Machine control system simultaneously and finishes signal.Buzzer warning, Sampling Machine control device 12 promote sampling thief 2 with starter motor, and this process is with sampling mode is identical automatically.
The continuous coverage mode process finishes, and the data of measurement are transferred to Sampling Machine control device 12 by the RS485 mode and store, and also can be uploaded to PC through Sampling Machine 1 serial ports simultaneously and show and analysis.
Claims (3)
1. surface water and groundwater automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and, it comprises sampler (23), it is characterized in that it also comprises Sampling Machine (1), strides around the sampling support (3) of Sampling Machine cable and is connected the sampling thief (2) that the cable free end comprises sampler;
Described Sampling Machine (1) comprises reducing motor (13), twisted wire dish (14), pulley (17) and scrambler (16) that is fixedly connected on the mechanical pedestal (11) and the Sampling Machine control device (12) that is electrically connected with reducing motor (13), scrambler (16), scrambler (16) axially is connected with pulley (17), and reducing motor (13) axially is connected with twisted wire dish (14);
Described sampler (23) is positioned at sampling thief (2) as the part of sampling thief (2), and sampling thief (2) also comprises geometrical clamp (28) that is arranged on sampler (23) the sample bucket outer wall and the sensor and the sampling thief control device (21) that is connected with sensor electrical that connects by geometrical clamp (28).
2. underground water automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sampling thief control device (21) is positioned at sampling thief (2) bottom, and bottom and sampler are provided with dividing plate between (2).
3. underground water automatic fixing depth situ sampling device and according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sensor adopts level sensor (24), temperature sensor (25), pH value electrode (26) and conductivity electrode (27).
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| CN104697817A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 宁夏环境科学研究院（有限责任公司） | Multifunctional depth-setting water level water quality sampling device |
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| CN108362354A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-08-03 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of portable well groundwater level water temperature limnograph device |
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