CN101815317A - Method and system for measuring sensor nodes and sensor network - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring sensor nodes and sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN101815317A CN101815317A CN200910078242A CN200910078242A CN101815317A CN 101815317 A CN101815317 A CN 101815317A CN 200910078242 A CN200910078242 A CN 200910078242A CN 200910078242 A CN200910078242 A CN 200910078242A CN 101815317 A CN101815317 A CN 101815317A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for measuring sensor nodes and a sensor network. The measuring system comprises measuring devices and an upper management device, wherein the measuring devices are combined with the sensor nodes, and the upper management device is used for receiving data transmitted by the measuring devices and controlling the measuring devices; and each measuring device comprises a processing unit, a data storage unit, a specific detection module, a network communication unit and a power supply unit. In the invention, the measuring devices can be formed into a self-organized network to carry out multi-hop data communication and transmit measurement data and control information. The measuring devices uses a network different from the network of the measured sensor nodes to carry out measurement data communication, consequently, the interference of measurement data streams on the sensor network of the measured sensor network nodes is prevented, and the accuracy of the data of the measured sensor network is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor node and sensor network, relate in particular to the method for measurement and the system of a kind of sensor node and sensor network.
Background technology
In the sensor network scientific research, need carry out the measurement of various performance index to the node of working in the network, as: the state and the node image data situation of node running status, battery remaining power, transmission/reception data are measured.Simultaneously, in the process of research network running status, need analyze the data flow in the network, node is sending data and is receiving in the data procedures, by the Measurement Network data transmission procedure, the throughput of phase-split network, channel occupation rate, network data flow congestion condition etc.In sensor network measuring system in the past, all be the information of gathering self by node self, as to the network flow quantitative statistics, then its data of being gathered is analyzed, again by same wireless transmission channel, be that the sensing net communicates the data that data transmission channel will gather and analyze and is sent to receiving terminal, observe and analyze for the researcher.In a word, this method is to use sensor node self to measure and analyze the performance of self, and uses this metering system to have big problem.At first: measuring content is sensor node processes device internal work state, as parameters such as CPU usage, unit execution command cycle and electrical source consumptions, will consume the cpu resource of self but carry out direct measuring process itself in sensor node inside, meetings such as consumes power cause certain error to measurement result; Secondly, sensor node self need be sent to test data receiving terminal and store and analyze for server after measuring, then in the process of transmission data, the channel that must take existing network carries out the transmission of test data, therefore, can cause certain influence to the Network Transmission channel.Measure self network performance if use sensor node self, as network throughput, the network bandwidth, network congestion situation and node neighbor state etc., then will inevitably measure and in network, produce certain data flow owing to self, and this kind data flow unwanted data flow when belonging to the network normal transmission, thereby under the measurement situation, can Network Transmission be impacted owing to the existence of this kind data flow, thereby make measurement result inaccurate.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the method for measurement and the system of sensor node and sensor network is provided, its purpose is, uses the relevant parameter index of the measurement mechanism pick-up transducers network node that combines with sensor node.
The measuring system of a kind of sensor node provided by the invention and sensor network, comprise a plurality of measurement mechanisms that combine with a plurality of sensor nodes, and be used to receive the data of described measurement mechanism transmission and the tension management device that described measurement mechanism is controlled; Each measurement mechanism comprises: processing unit, data storage cell, specific detection module, network communication unit and power supply unit;
Processing unit is used for the data that measurement mechanism receives are handled;
Data storage cell is used to store the sensor node data that measurement mechanism is gathered;
Specific detection module is connected with the corresponding sensor node, is used to detect needed sensor node parameters;
Network communication unit, be used for communicating with other measurement mechanisms or tension management device, a plurality of measurement mechanisms are formed the self-organizing multihop network, other network communication units that receive or the data or the control information of tension management device are sent to processing unit, and will send to other network communication units or tension management device from the data of handling the unit;
Power supply unit is used for that this measurement mechanism is carried out power supply and supplies with.
Specific detection module comprises:
Signal communication interface is used for the data that collection of simulant signal unit and digital signal acquiring unit send, and these data are sent to processing unit;
The collection of simulant signal unit is used for gathering analog signal by the collection of simulant signal interface, is sent to signal communication interface after being converted to digital signal;
The digital signal acquiring unit is used for gathering digital signal by the digital signal acquiring interface, and sends to signal communication interface;
Local communication unit is used for communicating with described sensor node, and the data of the transducer that receives are sent to processing unit, and the data of the processing unit that receives are sent to described sensor node.
The analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is a voltage signal; The collection of simulant signal unit to the voltage signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection carry out shaping once more, filtering, amplification or spacing after, carry out mould/number conversion.
The power supply of sensor node is input in the measurement mechanism, input current is through outputing in the sensor node after a resistance in the measurement mechanism again, and the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection outputs to the magnitude of voltage of sensor node for this ohmically voltage difference and this resistance.
The analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is the strength information of the wireless signal that receives of sensor node; The collection of simulant signal interface is connected the strength information of the wireless signal that the pick-up transducers node receives with the signal strength signal intensity output of the wireless communication module of sensor node.
The digital signal acquiring interface utilizes the pin of the wireless communication module of sensor node to gather digital signal.
The digital signal acquiring interface also removes shaping and flash removed to the digital signal of gathering, then the supplied with digital signal collecting unit.
The digital signal of digital signal acquiring interface collection is the operating state of the processor of sensor node; Increase the level output of commands for controlling I/O mouth in the normal operating conditions of the processor of sensor node, make the processor of sensor node in the cycling of normal operating conditions, can cause the cyclic variation just of this I/O mouth output level, the high-low level that the digital signal acquiring interface collects this I/O mouth changes, thereby obtains the normal condition of sensor node.
Sensor node transfers to measurement mechanism with self operating state or network work state of living in by local communication interface, is finished the analysis of data and is used the network at measurement mechanism place to carry out the transmission of measurement data by measurement mechanism.
The invention provides the method for measurement of a kind of sensor node and sensor network, comprising:
Step 1, the analog signal and the digital signal of measurement mechanism pick-up transducers node are digital signal with analog signal conversion, and the digital signal after the digital signal that collects and the conversion is handled;
Self operating state or network work state of living in that step 2, sensor node will need to send send to this measurement mechanism, and measurement mechanism is finished the analysis of data;
Step 3, this measurement mechanism will be to the results of the digital signal after the digital signal that collects and the conversion, and self operating state of sending of sensor node or analysis, the result of network work state of living in are sent to the tension management device.
Measurement mechanism is sent to the tension management device by the multi-hop transmission manner with data.
In the step 1, the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is a voltage signal; The collection of simulant signal unit to the voltage signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection carry out shaping once more, filtering, amplification or spacing after, carry out mould/number conversion.
In the step 1, the power supply of sensor node is input in the measurement mechanism, input current is through outputing in the sensor node after a resistance in the measurement mechanism again, and the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection outputs to the magnitude of voltage of sensor node for this ohmically voltage difference and this resistance.
In the step 1, the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is the strength information of the wireless signal that receives of sensor node; The collection of simulant signal interface is connected the strength information of the wireless signal that the pick-up transducers node receives with the signal strength signal intensity output of the wireless communication module of sensor node.
In the step 1, the digital signal acquiring interface utilizes the pin of the wireless communication module of sensor node to gather digital signal.
In the step 1, the digital signal acquiring interface also removes shaping and flash removed to the digital signal of gathering, then the supplied with digital signal collecting unit.
In the step 1, the digital signal of digital signal acquiring interface collection is the operating state of the processor of sensor node; Increase the level output of commands for controlling I/O mouth in the normal operating conditions of the processor of sensor node, make the processor of sensor node in the cycling of normal operating conditions, can cause the cyclic variation just of this I/O mouth output level, the high-low level that the digital signal acquiring interface collects this I/O mouth changes, thereby obtains the normal condition of sensor node.
In the step 2, sensor node transfers to measurement mechanism with self operating state or network work state of living in by local communication interface, is finished the analysis of data and is used the network at measurement mechanism place to carry out the transmission of measurement data by measurement mechanism.
The control system of a kind of sensor node provided by the invention and sensor network comprises measurement mechanism;
Measurement mechanism also is used for measurement data is carried out normalization and weighted calculation, and uses result of calculation and the threshold value that sets in advance to compare, and adjusts the operating state of sensor node according to comparative result.
The control method of a kind of sensor node provided by the invention and sensor network comprises:
Step 10, measurement mechanism carries out normalization and weighted calculation to measurement data;
Step 20, this measurement mechanism use result of calculation and the threshold value that sets in advance to compare; Step 30, this measurement mechanism are adjusted the operating state of sensor node according to comparative result.
Among the present invention, tested sensor node does not need to carry out too much, and extra surveying work comes self working state or network state are measured and analyzed, only need carry out shirtsleeve operation or carry out brief communicating by letter with measurement mechanism, self working state is notified to measurement mechanism or the residing network environment information of tested node is sent to measurement mechanism get final product, and data analysis or processing are finished by measurement mechanism, can greatly alleviate like this work of in surveying work tested node self unnecessary work load, comprise energy consumption, CPU usage, network service etc., thus make measurement result more accurate.Simultaneously, the measurement mechanism use is different from the residing network of tested sensor node and carries out the communication of measurement data, and avoided test data stream to the interference that the residing sensor network of tested sensor network nodes causes, increased the accuracy of tested sensor network data equally.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a measuring system structure chart provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is a measuring system network structure provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is a method of measurement flow chart provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is provided by the invention to tested node collection of simulant signal structural representation;
Fig. 5 is provided by the invention to tested node digital signal acquiring structural representation;
Fig. 6 is use local communication interface provided by the invention and tested node communication structural representation;
Fig. 7 is a control method flow chart provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of sensor network and node measurement method based on stacked network, the measurement mechanism that use can combine with tested sensor network nodes, and the index of correlation parameter of pick-up transducers network node is measured tested node.Form network between the measurement mechanism mutually, this device can communicate with tested node simultaneously, tested node will be relevant with oneself state or the data message of self residing network state be transferred to measurement mechanism by the mode that the communication unit with measurement mechanism communicates, measurement mechanism is by network communication unit then, with the tested nodal information transfer of data that obtained to the tension management device of managing whole Measurement Network.
This measurement mechanism self can carry out network service, can form the sensor network that is independent of tested sensor network nodes place each other, each measurement mechanism has wired or wireless network communication interface, a plurality of measurement mechanisms can communicate each other by the mode of radio communication, measurement mechanism is different with the radio communication channel of tested sensor network, a plurality of measurement mechanisms can become multihop network, with the parallel wireless transmission test data of sensor network, transfer of data is to the tension management device of managing whole Measurement Network the most at last.
The present invention uses a kind of wireless sensor network node measurement mechanism, by its with sensor network nodes between cooperate, or work independently, sensor network nodes is measured, used this device simultaneously by measurement and the performance of communicating by letter with the measuring transducer network also to sensor network nodes.
The sensor network nodes measurement mechanism comprises as shown in Figure 1:
Processing unit 1: various modules and interface are controlled, other modules or unit are sent instruction, make it carry out corresponding operating, receive the data message that other modules or unit send simultaneously, data message is carried out processed.
Data storage cell 2: control by processing unit, with a storage of gathering or receiving therein, use for other each unit;
Network communication unit 3: the data of described node measurement device are sent to the tension management device and receive the data that the tension management device is sent here, and it is stored in the data storage cell;
Power supply unit 4: above-mentioned each unit is carried out power supply supply with;
Specific detection module 5: this specific detection module uses multiple detection method and unit, comprises to the detection of analog signal and to the detection method and the unit of digital signal, wherein can comprise:
Collection of simulant signal unit 6: receive the control command that processing unit sends, according to commands for controlling collection of simulant signal interface, make it carry out the collection of analog signal in cycle at certain hour, and analog signal conversion that its collection back is exported becomes digital signal, further handle, digital signal after handling is sent to processing unit, further handles by processing unit.
Collection of simulant signal interface 7: by of the control of collection of simulant signal unit, analog signal is gathered, the analog signal after gathering is put in order, be input to the collection of simulant signal interface to it;
Digital signal acquiring unit 8: receive the control command that processing unit sends, according to commands for controlling digital signal acquiring interface, make it carry out the collection of digital signal in cycle at certain hour, and it is gathered digital signal of exporting the back further handle, digital signal after handling is sent to processing unit, further handles by processing unit.
Digital signal acquiring interface 9: by of the control of digital signal acquiring unit, digital signal is gathered, the digital signal after gathering is put in order, be input to the digital signal acquiring unit to it;
Signal communication interface 10: this interface is passed to processing unit with the analog signal data of collection of simulant signal unit collection and the digital signal data of digital signal acquiring unit collection;
Local communication unit 11: control by processing unit, the interface that communicates with tested sensor node, can receive the data message that sends by sensor node and give processing unit, also can receive data that processing unit sends and send data message to sensor node.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of measuring system network of the present invention.As shown in the figure, measurement mechanism and tested sensor node are combined, and by measurement mechanism pre-index, the parameter that gets of tested sensor node are measured.Tested sensor node is the sensor network system of composition itself each other, and network path is shown in dotted line network service symbol among the figure.Measurement mechanism can carry out network service each other by network communication unit, and network path is shown in solid line network service symbol among the figure.Measurement mechanism finally need transfer to the tension management device with the measurement data on the tested sensor node of being gathered, and receives the control information that the tension management device is sent, and the control survey device carries out corresponding operating.Form self-organizing network by network communication unit between the measurement mechanism, if measurement mechanism can be directly and the tension management device communicate, as 21 among Fig. 2,22 and 23 devices, then its by network communication unit directly and the tension management device communicate; If measurement mechanism can not with the direct communication of tension management device, as measurement mechanism 24,25, then measurement mechanism is by the multihop network of self-organizing, by the measurement mechanism that can communicate by letter with the tension management device, the information indirect multi-hop is transferred to the tension management device, the tension management device also adopts the multi-hop transmission manner, and the control control information of sending is transferred to the measurement mechanism that desire arrives.
The method of measurement of sensor network performance and node is as shown in Figure 3:
Step 1-1, measurement mechanism is combined with tested node, comprise: in the analog quantity of required acquisition node and the specific detection module of measurement mechanism the collection of simulant signal interface combine, in the digital quantity of required acquisition node and the specific detection module of measurement mechanism the digital signal acquiring interface combine, tested node uses a communication interface in itself to combine with the communication interface of measurement mechanism;
Step 1-2, start sensor network and measurement mechanism, sensor network enters normal operating conditions, and measurement mechanism enters the measurement state and inserts and measure the networking;
Step 1-3, measurement mechanism carries out the network service test, if can carry out direct communication with the tension management device, then carry out direct communication, if can not with the direct communication of tension management device, the measurement mechanism that can communicate by letter around then seeking communicates with it, by the multi-hop transmission manner, communicate with the tension management device.
Step 1-4, measurement mechanism is measured node, comprising: the analogue data amount of acquisition node, acquisition node amount of digital data;
Step 1-5, measurement mechanism use interruption or polling mode and node to communicate, and when node has state information to send to measurement mechanism, communicate by communication interface and measurement mechanism, send the data to measurement mechanism;
Step 1-6, measurement mechanism carries out the data preliminary treatment, and the analog quantity of gathering is carried out data processing, is converted into data volume, and the data volume of gathering is converted into corresponding format, the state information that the node that the while measurement mechanism receives sends by communication interface;
Step 1-7, measurement mechanism use memory cell that the state information that analogue data amount, amount of digital data, node after transforming transfer to measurement mechanism is stored;
Step 1-8, processing unit carries out data processing according to the data message of institute's acquisition node, gets rid of relevant redundancy information, and data fusion is carried out in the information of measurement mechanism itself such as address etc. and the data message that collects, delivers to network communication unit;
Step 1-9, the processing unit of measurement mechanism uses network communication unit, and the data message that is stored in after handling in the memory cell is transferred to tension management device with data with transmission network according to certain format.If use wireless network communications interface, for can be with the direct wireless situation that is sent to the tension management device of data, carry out the immediate data transmission, if data directly can not be transferred to the tension management device, then give neighbours' measurement mechanism with data forwarding, carry out the multi-hop transmission, data are sent to the tension management device indirectly, the tension management device is used to receive the data of measurement mechanism transmission and measurement mechanism is controlled;
Step 1-10 is if finish measurement, then circulation step 1-4～1-9.
Simultaneously, the present invention proposes a kind of method that tested node is controlled based on above-mentioned measurement mechanism and network, by above-mentioned measurement mechanism and network, measurement mechanism can obtain the parameter of multiple tested node, measurement mechanism carries out normalization and weighted calculation to multiple measurement parameter, and according to the threshold value that pre-sets or come by Network Transmission from administrative center, result and this threshold value after calculating are compared, use measurement mechanism local communication interface and tested node to communicate, realization is adjusted the operating state of tested node to the control of tested node.
The method of work step of measurement mechanism comprises as shown in Figure 7:
Step 2-1, measurement mechanism carries out normalized according to the measurement data that obtains with measurement data, simultaneously according to tested node operational environment of living in, the environment parameter relevant with system of tested node institute perception is carried out normalized;
Step 2-2, can determine the situation of node operating state for single parameter, measurement mechanism is judged according to single normalized parameter, uses local communication unit and tested node to communicate according to the result who judges, controls the further work state of tested node;
Step 2-3 determines the situation of tested node operating state for the comprehensive a plurality of normalized parameters of needs, measurement mechanism uses the mode of weighted calculation, and calculating needs the node working status parameter judged;
Step 2-4 compares with the result after calculating and pre-set threshold value or by the threshold value that Network Transmission obtains;
Step 2-5 if result relatively satisfies the condition that changes tested node operating state, then communicates by local communication unit and tested node, changes the further work state of node;
Step 2-6, if measurement mechanism need change the situation of the second tested node operating state on every side when changing the first tested node operating state, then measurement mechanism communicates by network communication interface and measurement mechanism on every side, notify the measurement mechanism of the second tested node, make it change the operating state of the second tested node.
Provide specific embodiment below:
In a sensor network system, usually sensor node has comprised power supply, processor, network communication module etc., and the data that need to measure are generally: direct node state of gathering: power that remaining battery voltage, node consume under the different operating state and the intensity of receiving wireless signal etc.; The modal processor operating state: operate as normal, processor interrupt the number of times that produces, the state that processor control transducer carries out data acquisition etc. as processor; At the state of a sensor node and neighbor node scope inner sensor network work thereof, as: neighbours' number around node and variation thereof, the network packet number that receives in a period of time, in a period of time need to carry out number of times that packet sends, packet sends successful number of times and network congestion state etc. in a period of time.
For measuring the data of these sensor networks and node, use device of the present invention, on each sensor node, be equipped with this device, use this device that node is carried out the corresponding data collection.
As shown in Figure 4,, use the collection of simulant signal part in the specific detection module of this device, comprising: collection of simulant signal interface, collection of simulant signal unit for the collection of analog signal.
Under situation:, can directly carry out the collection of voltage because the signal of gathering is a voltage signal to the remaining battery voltage acquisition.The collection of simulant signal interface partly is connected with the node analog signal of required collection.Comprise in the collection of simulant signal interface, analog circuitry processes functional modules such as impedance matching, filtering, current limliting, the output signal of cell voltage is linked into this collection of simulant signal interface, through operations such as impedance matching, filtering and current limlitings, make this magnitude of voltage be fit to carry out the processing of collection of simulant signal unit.After of the processing of collection of simulant signal interface to this voltage signal, this signal is input to the collection of simulant signal unit, the collection of simulant signal unit to this analog signal carry out signal shaping once more, filtering, amplification or spacing after, carry out the A/D conversion, this voltage analog signal is converted to digital signal, signal after processor unit control collection of simulant signal unit will change pass through signal communication interface between two unit with transfer of data to processing unit, processing unit is stored in this data-signal in the memory cell according to the form of being scheduled to afterwards.The different analog signal of multichannel can be gathered in the collection of simulant signal unit, each path connects one road collection of simulant signal interface, control according to processing unit, select the analog signal of different paths, after this analog signal conversion become digital signal, by the signal communication interface that connects two unit with transfer of data to processing unit.
Power measurement for node consumption:, therefore, need the real-time current of acquisition node work because the power consumption difference of node under the different operating state is mainly reflected in the variation of node operating current.Because the general analogue signal Acquisition Circuit can only be gathered voltage, therefore, current signal need be converted into voltage signal.Because the quantity of measurement mechanism and tested node is suitable, need consider cost, therefore, measurement mechanism of the present invention uses following mode to carry out the conversion of current and voltage signals: node power is input in the measurement mechanism, input current outputs in the node through minimum resistance (being generally several Europe at zero point) of resistance in the measurement mechanism afterwards again, then the node operating voltage is the voltage after the process resistance, because the operating current of node exists, then on this resistance, there is a constant pressure drop, by known resistance and this pressure drop, then can converse the operating current of node.So, use measurement mechanism can measure the real-time working electric current of node, recorded the operating voltage that outputs to node simultaneously, then can calculate the power consumption of node.The analog quantity of measurement mechanism collection outputs to the magnitude of voltage of node for this ohmically voltage difference and this resistance.Because this resistance is very little, the magnitude of voltage that can collect is very little, therefore, need to use the collection of simulant signal interface that these two signals are carried out preliminary treatment, signal is carried out suitable shaping, filtering and amplification, thereby obtain being fit to the normal voltage signal that meets mould/number conversion that analogy signal processing unit is handled, use analogy signal processing unit to carry out the A/D conversion afterwards, the data of being controlled after will changing by processing unit output to processing unit, by processing unit these data are further handled afterwards.
Use this kind method measure tested node be tested node self can't realize, because tested node in working order down, can obtain the power consumption situation of self by similar mode, but when tested node enters into resting state, processor quits work, thereby can not obtain the information that node power consumes.Therefore, for as this data acquisition that can not measure by node self, use this device especially effective.
The intensity of the wireless signal that node receives, usually indicate by the node wireless communication module, on measurement mechanism, the collection of simulant signal interface is connected with the signal strength signal intensity output of node wireless communication module, by above-mentioned collection of simulant signal method, then can obtain the strength information of the wireless signal that node receives by measurement mechanism.
The analog signal of required collection partly is not limited only to above-mentioned three analog signals on the node, but the analog signal of other required collections then can directly be used the collection of simulant signal interface to carry out voltage for the voltage acquisition signal and handle the back collection, for current signal, then use the current-voltage module in the collection of simulant signal interface, current signal is converted to voltage signal gathers afterwards.
Use the digital signal acquiring of this device partly to gather for the collection of digital signal, as shown in Figure 5, comprising: digital signal acquiring interface, digital signal processing unit.
The amount of digital data of the node of being gathered is generally the operating state collection of node.Export the situation difference according to the numeral that node can provide, then be divided into following two kinds of situations, first kind of pin output situation in the node operate as normal, there being direct level signal to change, under this kind situation, can directly gather and handle by the digital signal acquiring interface and the digital signal processing unit of measurement mechanism; Another situation is that node is in normal operating conditions, can not demonstrate the operating state of node intuitively, then need the processor of node to carry out shirtsleeve operation, carry out digital quantity output, digital quantity is offered measurement mechanism collection by the controlled I/O mouth of processor Control Node.
Carry out the transmission and the accepting state of wireless data by wireless communication module for first kind of situation such as node, because the wireless communication module on the node can directly be exported the operating state of wireless communication module by a module pin, the output of this digital quantity is not need to rely on the processor on the node to carry out control operation, then this signal is connected with the digital signal acquiring interface, the digital signal acquiring interface obtains after this digital signal amount, this digital signal is gone shaping, operations such as flash removed, output to the digital signal acquiring unit, the digital signal signal gathering unit receives the control signal of processing unit, at certain time intervals this digital signal is gathered, simultaneously with this encoding digital signals, the serial communication interface by processing unit and digital signal acquiring unit is sent to the digital quantity of being gathered in the processing unit.
The digital signal acquiring unit has many digital signal acquiring paths, every path connects a digital signal acquiring interface, processing unit is controlled digital signal gathering unit, select different paths, the digital signal of the different paths gathered by the serial digital communication interface, is sent to these data in the processing unit.
In real system, can make measurement mechanism have corresponding network communication unit and corresponding processing unit as the case may be.
Second kind of situation, node can not the visual indication egress in normal operating conditions operating state, this kind situation needs modal processor to carry out simple I/O operation, with this operating state by to the level operation of a certain specific I/O mouth, indicate the operating state of node, carry out the collection of digital signal afterwards by the digital signal acquiring interface.The digital signal acquiring interface carries out preliminary treatment to digital signal, after removing the burr and interference in the signal, digital signal is sent in the digital signal acquiring unit, processor control figure signal gathering unit, the path that selection need be gathered, the digital signal that the digital signal of being gathered will be gathered by serial communication interface is sent in the processor to carry out subsequent treatment.Because modal processor is for the operational order of I/O mouth very simple (can be realized by one to two instruction usually), therefore, for this kind metering system, can alleviate the statistical operation of modal processor to self operating state, thus greatly reduce modal processor the extra processor work load that increases.
For the whether collection of normal operating conditions of modal processor, can in the modal processor normal operating conditions, simply increase the level output of commands for controlling I/O mouth, make processor in the cycling of normal operating conditions, can cause the cyclic variation of this I/O mouth output level height, and the digital signal acquiring interface of measurement mechanism changes the high-low level that the digital signal acquiring of this I/O mouth can collect this I/O mouth, thereby measurement mechanism can obtain the whether information of operate as normal of node.
Modal processor at work, having multiple interruption produces, and interrupt procedure generally requires the time of processor processing interrupt operation short as far as possible, instruction strip number is few as far as possible, therefore, use brief I/O mouth control, interruption times is added up or other carry out corresponding measurement in interruption than carrying out at node self, analytical work will reduce the workload of a lot of modal processors, greatly reduce the work load of node, thereby, use the efficient that this kind method of measurement and device can raising fundamentally measure and the accuracy of measurement at surveying work to interrupting with node.
Equally, carry out the indication of sensor data acquisition operating state for sensor node, measurement mechanism also can use this kind mode that this operation is measured and added up.
For relatively easy situations of using high-low level to indicate such as node operating states, be not limited in above-mentioned three kinds, use simple level just to change the situation that just can indicate operating state as long as satisfy, just can use the above-mentioned modal processor control I/O mouth that utilizes to carry out level output, carry out the mode of digital signal acquiring by measurement mechanism and carry out.
As shown in Figure 6, for tested node comparatively complicated operating state collection and measurement, analog quantity that does not have on the tested node to gather, directly utilizes and the situation that can not carry out the expression of state by simple I/O port number amount output again then need the processor of node to cooperate jointly with measurement mechanism and finish.
In system of the present invention, use the local communication interface of measurement mechanism processing unit to be connected with the local communication interface of tested node, local communication interface can be standard serial port or SPI interface etc., the communication interface of two kinds of devices is carried out physical connection, use communication protocol to carry out data communication afterwards, then can be to the processor of measurement mechanism with the data information transfer on the tested node, behind the processor acquired information of measurement mechanism, can store and be used for the upper layer data analysis this data message to the transmission of administrative center.
In the operate as normal of tested node, if use tested node itself to carry out number such as the network node neighbours, information such as network congestion situation are added up, operations such as analysis and transmission, at first can cause consumption to the processor resource of this tested node, simultaneously, if the operating state of node need be reported transmission to administrative center, then need to use the network at tested node place to analyze, the test data transmission, and make in this way, then can cause a certain amount of influence to network traffics, network state is being carried out under the situation of test analysis, it is particularly important that this influence just seems, therefore, use the native system measurement mechanism, on node, its data or network data are transferred to measurement mechanism by local communication interface by simple data command, and finish all analyses of data by measurement mechanism, as to the analysis of tested node operating state and judgement and to the analysis and the judgement of network state, and to coming repeatedly by the local communication interface transmission, multiple tested node data carries out further comprehensive statistics, as average, weighted calculation etc., and then obtain the Working state analysis result of tested node, and use the network at measurement mechanism place to carry out the transmission of these measurement data, can make the work load of the processor of tested node own reduce like this, simultaneously, eliminated the influence of measurement data transmission fully to tested node place network.
As when tested node place network congestion situation is analyzed, tested node is at first gathered the place network state information, obtains the network state parameter, and this process must be finished by tested node.When tested node obtains the information of network congestion degree, in system in the past, the processor that tested node can use self to these data analyze, computing, according to analysis result, adjust self and send the speed of packet, make it to adapt to the network congestion state, improve the network congestion state simultaneously, and the data after the network congestion state information will be analyzed by tested node place network are sent to administrative center.And node use self processor carries out the network state analysis, this operation meeting seriously consumes the resource of node self processor, simultaneously, use self place network to carry out the transmission of congested test data, will make this congested serious network state worsen the degree that emphasis network is congested more.And use device of the present invention and network, then can avoid the problems referred to above fully.Tested node does not need data are analyzed, but data is transferred on the measurement mechanism by local communication interface, and finish the surveying work of self after obtaining the network congestion state, enters into the normal network operation state.After measurement mechanism obtains the data message of tested node by the local communication interface transmission, as requested, data are analyzed, obtained the network state parameter, simultaneously this information data is stored, and the network that uses the measurement mechanism place with transfer of data to administrative center.Use method of the present invention, in this kind test process, tested node has only carried out the collecting work of data, and uses local communication interface to carry out transfer of data.Compare with in the past system, the workload of this tested node greatly reduces, and the state to tested network can not have any impact, and therefore, uses tested node of this measurement device and the network then can sizable raising precision of test result and data reliability.
For neighbours' quantity of tested node and for the give out a contract for a project packet receiving data message statistics such data content of tested node in the certain hour section, can use this kind method to measure equally.And, the parameter of being measured also not only is confined to above-mentioned content, so long as tested node can obtain simple parameter information by self, and the measurement data that this parameter can be transmitted by local communication interface and measurement mechanism, can use said method to measure.
Device of the present invention and network can be controlled in real time to tested node and network when measuring
The present invention is on the parameter basis that above-mentioned measurement mechanism and network obtained, can carry out local data in measurement mechanism handles and analyzes, simultaneously also can be by network with transfer of data to administrative center, carry out the processing and the analysis of data by administrative center.In data processing with after obtaining analysis result, then can send instruction to node by measurement mechanism, Control Node is carried out corresponding local operating state operation and to the operation of network state.
As shown in Figure 7, the present invention proposes a kind of based on the tested node of measurement mechanism and Measurement Network and the control method of network.In traditional sensing net, concentrate on the same node owing to measure with application, node self is the tested node of application, also be measured node simultaneously, the data message that is sent by result who measures or tension management center is operated next step operating state and network state of node.The mode of using this kind node self to do measurement, analyze and control, can the work of the processor of node own be impacted, simultaneously because the existence of test and control information, also can the network that be moved be impacted, if it is congested that transmission network takes place, then metrical information can not in time transfer to the tension management center, simultaneously, the control information that administrative center sends over can not in time be transferred to corresponding node, and use measurement mechanism of the present invention to measure, use the employed independently transmission network of measurement mechanism can avoid the problems referred to above simultaneously.
Sensor network nodes has perception and communication function usually simultaneously, but the node of work also can consume certain resource (energy, communication, calculating etc.).
Utilize measurement mechanism can obtain the composite measurement information of tested node, comprise such as: node battery dump energy, node power consumption, the intensity of node received signal, the node under the different operating state entering the adding of value, node of link-quality, network congestion state, the node perceived data of time cycle number, the node network of living in of data acquisition state the information such as influence of routing performance by analog data acquisition unit, numerical data collecting unit, local communication unit.Relevant information need be gathered and handle to the measurement mechanism processing unit to all
The present invention proposes a kind of data parameters based on above-mentioned collection and carries out normalized and take this as a foundation and carry out the method that node wakes control up.
Sensing net node is when operate as normal, the operating state of node is understood because different situations of network and the different situations of node are adjusted, as in network, because the variation of perceptive object state, only rely on single or a few transducer to be difficult to obtain the perceived effect of complete and accurate, as to the tracking of target, to the monitoring in the scene of a fire etc.; On the other hand, a certain node is because overload, and causes electrical source consumption too fast, and battery dump energy sharply reduces, thereby also will make this node enter suitable resting state, thereby reduces the life-span that operating time in network thereafter prolongs this node.So just the work of sensor node influence is divided into income and consumes two parts, these two parts can show with some parameters, can carry out standardization to these parameters by certain means.As consider sensor node consumed energy situation, suppose that the parameter that only measures is node remaining battery voltage x
11, node standard cell operating voltage is x
10(common x
10Value be 3.3V), this remaining power voltage is compared with standard operation voltage, obtaining remaining power voltage normalized parameter is x
1In the operating state of node is judged, all use this normalized parameter.Measurement mechanism obtains after this normalized parameter this parameter to be analyzed, if the operating state of node can be obtained or can be obtained by a certain normalized parameter the relevant work state of node by a certain normalized parameter, residual voltage as the node battery, by the analysis to normalized parameter, whether the battery operated voltage that can learn this node is through low or remain on normal condition.
Measurement mechanism can be controlled the further work state of tested node according to the normalized parameter that is obtained, communicate by the local communication interface of use measurement mechanism and the local communication interface of tested node, as give an order, control tested node and enter long period resting state etc., thereby reduce battery consumption.
Equally, measurement mechanism can obtain the normalized parameter of tested other operating states of node, as the perception z of node
1, the benefit z that the adding of node brings transfer of data
2, the realtime power of tested node consumes x
2, the link-quality x of node network of living in
3, node receives the intensity x of wireless signal
4Deng.If only depend on the situation of a certain normalized parameter for the control of node operating state, then this parameter is judged by measurement mechanism, use the local communication interface of local communication interface and tested node to communicate afterwards, control the further work state of tested node.
For some situation, use single normalized parameter can not judge a certain operating state of tested node, and need consider more parameter, and this tested node is carried out behavior control for this tested node.
More situation, it is the situation of considering multi-parameter simultaneously, if current resource consumption is a matter of utmost importance, a tested node a is under the heavier situation of network burden, the battery consumption of this tested node a must increase, and be to keep network unimpeded, this node must the continuous firing certain hour to keep the operate as normal of network, when the remaining battery power of this node is not enough to make that this node keeps longer operating time, should make this node enter the resting state of longer cycle, and make the neighbor node b of this tested node substitute this node, bear heavier network work.In this case, the measurement mechanism A of this tested node a need comprehensively compare three normalized parameters of this tested node a at least, as: the battery dump energy x of this tested node a
1, realtime power consumes x
2, node network congestion situation x
3For the measurement of multiple parameter, measurement mechanism A uses the mode of normalized parameter weighted sum among the present invention, is Y as the condition of final decision, wherein Y=α
1x
1+ α
2x
2+ α
3x
3, α wherein
1, α
2, α
3Be weight coefficient, in different needs, these parameters can be selected different values, for example under the situation to the power requirement strictness, and can be with α
1Value get low slightly, be 0.3, α
2Be 0.6, α
3Be 0.7, calculate the value of Y.If for the node job requirement is under the preferential situation of network condition, promptly Congestion Level SPCC is the factor of overriding concern, and electric quantity of power supply is a secondary cause, then above-mentioned weight coefficient can be adjusted, for example with α
1Value get high slightly, be 0.7, α
2Be 0.5, α
3Be 0.4, thereby calculate the value of Y.Measurement mechanism A preserves a threshold value Y
a, with Y value and the threshold value Y after calculating
aCompare, judge the operating state of tested node a, if the Y value is greater than Y
a, then node a continue to keep the operating state of this high network load, when the Y value less than Y
aThen this tested node a enters the long period resting state, the measurement mechanism A of this tested node a measurement mechanism B that notifies the neighbor node b of this tested node to be had by the measurement mechanism network according to tested node neighbor table simultaneously, make this tested node b of measurement mechanism B notice substitute tested node a work, enter the high load capacity network state.
Said method is not limited to only use above-mentioned three parameters for operating state and next step operating state that need enter of this tested node of judging tested node, but can use multiple parameter, similar on the method, only need select different weight coefficients to get final product according to different needs.
Consider more generally situation, can be these parameter rough classification: the resource consumption that node work is brought, count X; The income that node work is brought is counted Z.Use vectorial mode to represent the parameter of above-mentioned weight coefficient and measurement:
The aforementioned calculation expression formula is write as the form of matrix computations:
Y＝α
T·X-β
TY
＝α
1x
x+α
2x
2+α
3x
3+…+α
nx
n-(β
1y
1+β
2y
2+β
3y
3+…+β
my
m)
Measurement mechanism then can calculate the integrated value of a plurality of parameters, again according to pre-set threshold Y by the Y expression formula
a, itself and Y are compared, can assess the operating state of tested node, and then the operating state of node be made corresponding control according to judgment rule.
According to above-mentioned record, it can be made up of measurement mechanism of the present invention radio node and corresponding item corresponding module according to the corresponding item that will measure.This corresponding module for example is can only have collection of simulant signal unit and collection of simulant signal interface when only needing voltage measurement.And when for example only needing digital signal measured, only have digital signal acquiring unit and digital signal acquiring interface, and be not to make measurement module must have numeral, analogue measurement unit and interface simultaneously.Like this, can simplify modular structure as required, reduce cost.
Those skilled in the art can also carry out various modifications to above content under the condition that does not break away from the definite the spirit and scope of the present invention of claims.Therefore scope of the present invention is not limited in above explanation, but determine by the scope of claims.
Claims (20)
1. the measuring system of sensor node and sensor network, it is characterized in that, comprise a plurality of measurement mechanisms that combine with a plurality of sensor nodes, and be used to receive the data of described measurement mechanism transmission and the tension management device that described measurement mechanism is controlled; Each measurement mechanism comprises: processing unit, data storage cell, specific detection module, network communication unit and power supply unit;
Processing unit is used for the data that measurement mechanism receives are handled;
Data storage cell is used to store the sensor node data that measurement mechanism is gathered;
Specific detection module is connected with the corresponding sensor node, is used to detect needed sensor node parameters;
Network communication unit, be used for communicating with other measurement mechanisms or tension management device, a plurality of measurement mechanisms are formed the self-organizing multihop network, other network communication units that receive or the data or the control information of tension management device are sent to processing unit, and will send to other network communication units or tension management device from the data of handling the unit;
Power supply unit is used for that this measurement mechanism is carried out power supply and supplies with.
2. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network is characterized in that, specific detection module comprises:
Signal communication interface is used for the data that collection of simulant signal unit and digital signal acquiring unit send, and these data are sent to processing unit;
The collection of simulant signal unit is used for gathering analog signal by the collection of simulant signal interface, is sent to signal communication interface after being converted to digital signal;
The digital signal acquiring unit is used for gathering digital signal by the digital signal acquiring interface, and sends to signal communication interface;
Local communication unit is used for communicating with described sensor node, and the data of the transducer that receives are sent to processing unit, and the data of the processing unit that receives are sent to described sensor node.
3. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network is characterized in that, the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is a voltage signal; The collection of simulant signal unit to the voltage signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection carry out shaping once more, filtering, amplification or spacing after, carry out mould/number conversion.
4. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network, it is characterized in that, the power supply of sensor node is input in the measurement mechanism, input current is through outputing in the sensor node after a resistance in the measurement mechanism again, and the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection outputs to the magnitude of voltage of sensor node for this ohmically voltage difference and this resistance.
5. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network is characterized in that, the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is the strength information of the wireless signal that receives of sensor node; The collection of simulant signal interface is connected the strength information of the wireless signal that the pick-up transducers node receives with the signal strength signal intensity output of the wireless communication module of sensor node.
6. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network is characterized in that, the digital signal acquiring interface utilizes the pin of the wireless communication module of sensor node to gather digital signal.
7. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network is characterized in that, the digital signal acquiring interface also removes shaping and flash removed to the digital signal of gathering, then the supplied with digital signal collecting unit.
8. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network is characterized in that, the digital signal of digital signal acquiring interface collection is the operating state of the processor of sensor node; Increase the level output of commands for controlling I/O mouth in the normal operating conditions of the processor of sensor node, make the processor of sensor node in the cycling of normal operating conditions, can cause the cyclic variation just of this I/O mouth output level, the high-low level that the digital signal acquiring interface collects this I/O mouth changes, thereby obtains the normal condition of sensor node.
9. the measuring system of sensor node as claimed in claim 1 and sensor network, it is characterized in that, sensor node transfers to measurement mechanism with self operating state or network work state of living in by local communication interface, is finished the analysis of data and is used the network at measurement mechanism place to carry out the transmission of measurement data by measurement mechanism.
10. the method for measurement of sensor node and sensor network is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1, the analog signal and the digital signal of measurement mechanism pick-up transducers node are digital signal with analog signal conversion, and the digital signal after the digital signal that collects and the conversion is handled;
Self operating state or network work state of living in that step 2, sensor node will need to send send to this measurement mechanism, and measurement mechanism is finished the analysis of data;
Step 3, this measurement mechanism will be to the results of the digital signal after the digital signal that collects and the conversion, and self operating state of sending of sensor node or analysis, the result of network work state of living in are sent to the tension management device.
11. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network is characterized in that, measurement mechanism is sent to the tension management device by the multi-hop transmission manner with data.
12. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network is characterized in that, in the step 1, the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is a voltage signal; The collection of simulant signal unit to the voltage signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection carry out shaping once more, filtering, amplification or spacing after, carry out mould/number conversion.
13. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network, it is characterized in that, in the step 1, the power supply of sensor node is input in the measurement mechanism, input current is through outputing in the sensor node after a resistance in the measurement mechanism again, and the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection outputs to the magnitude of voltage of sensor node for this ohmically voltage difference and this resistance.
14. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network is characterized in that, in the step 1, the analog signal of collection of simulant signal interface collection is the strength information of the wireless signal that receives of sensor node; The collection of simulant signal interface is connected the strength information of the wireless signal that the pick-up transducers node receives with the signal strength signal intensity output of the wireless communication module of sensor node.
15. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network is characterized in that, in the step 1, the digital signal acquiring interface utilizes the pin of the wireless communication module of sensor node to gather digital signal.
16. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network is characterized in that, in the step 1, the digital signal acquiring interface also removes shaping and flash removed to the digital signal of gathering, then the supplied with digital signal collecting unit.
17. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network is characterized in that, in the step 1, the digital signal of digital signal acquiring interface collection is the operating state of the processor of sensor node; Increase the level output of commands for controlling I/O mouth in the normal operating conditions of the processor of sensor node, make the processor of sensor node in the cycling of normal operating conditions, can cause the cyclic variation just of this I/O mouth output level, the high-low level that the digital signal acquiring interface collects this I/O mouth changes, thereby obtains the normal condition of sensor node.
18. the method for measurement of sensor node as claimed in claim 10 and sensor network, it is characterized in that, in the step 2, sensor node transfers to measurement mechanism with self operating state or network work state of living in by local communication interface, is finished the analysis of data and is used the network at measurement mechanism place to carry out the transmission of measurement data by measurement mechanism.
19. the control system of sensor node and sensor network is characterized in that, comprises measurement mechanism;
Measurement mechanism also is used for measurement data is carried out normalization and weighted calculation, and uses result of calculation and the threshold value that sets in advance to compare, and adjusts the operating state of sensor node according to comparative result.
20. the control method of sensor node and sensor network is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 10, measurement mechanism carries out normalization and weighted calculation to measurement data;
Step 20, this measurement mechanism use result of calculation and the threshold value that sets in advance to compare;
Step 30, this measurement mechanism are adjusted the operating state of sensor node according to comparative result.
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