CN101814632A - Cell optimizing and matching technology based on charge and discharge characteristics - Google Patents
Cell optimizing and matching technology based on charge and discharge characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN101814632A CN101814632A CN201010162325A CN201010162325A CN101814632A CN 101814632 A CN101814632 A CN 101814632A CN 201010162325 A CN201010162325 A CN 201010162325A CN 201010162325 A CN201010162325 A CN 201010162325A CN 101814632 A CN101814632 A CN 101814632A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optimizing and matching technology of lithium power battery cells, which is used for realizing the rapid matching of battery cells of M parallel connection and N series connection (shown in a picture 1). The optimizing and matching technology comprises the steps of: selecting a plurality of important property indexes of the lithium power battery cells, such as voltages V, internal resistors R and capacitors C, charge and discharge curves, and the like as matching parameters; selecting N M parallel connection groups according to the consistency of the voltages V, the consistency of the internal resistors R and the capacitors C, the consistency of the discharge curves and the consistency of the charge curves; and matching according to the consistency of capacities of the parallel connection groups. If the consistency of each parallel connection group does not accord with the requirement, the battery cells in the parallel connection group are adjusted according to a one-subtraction and one-addition method. By the matching experiment of battery cell real data provided by a batter cell production factory, it proves that the efficiency and the property of the technology are remarkably improved compared with manual matching.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of core optimized matching technique of lithium dynamical battery electricity core, belong to new forms of energy and electronic technology field.
Background technology
At present, dynamic lithium battery because operating voltage height, volume are little, light weight, energy density are big, memory-less effect, pollution-free, self discharge is little, have extended cycle life, approved widely.Since commercialization, lithium ion battery is widely used in laptop computer, video camera, mobile communication equipment, automobile and electric automobile.
The performance of dynamic lithium battery and quality relate to the multinomial factor of producing and using link.Only with regard to production link, major influence factors following points: the quality of (1) electric core itself.(2) matching technique.(3) interconnection technique.(4) managerial skills.There is not the combo problem in the monomer dynamic lithium battery, has possessed the condition of applying at present substantially.When needs dynamic lithium battery power output was big, the method that solves generally was the suitable combination of a plurality of electric cores in groups now.But existing group technology, in groups application technology and equipment level that is that all right is ripe.For example, electrokinetic cell is back fail safe and significantly descending useful life in groups, even serious accidents such as battery burning, blast frequently take place.The main cause that causes the problems referred to above is dynamic lithium battery group technology, application technology and equipment research hysteresis in groups.Realizing the dynamic lithium battery system integration, for the user provides dynamic lithium battery system integration technology and product, is to solve the current problem that faces.
In electrokinetic cell combo process, the consistency of performance of cell or electric core is even more important.At present generally be by cell or the electric core of producing screened, divides into groups, assembles by its actual performance in process of production, the efficient of combo is lower like this, and the battery performance after the combo is also undesirable.Battery is carried out combo, each cell state consistency of battery pack when combo parameter control criterion has determined that combo is finished.The raising of dynamic lithium battery development need controlling of production process level more needs the battery battery core of science to screen and method for group matching.
The combo of lithium dynamical battery is an important step in the production process, and it is meant by a plurality of electric cores by suitable series connection and the process that combines lithium dynamical battery in parallel.At present, the method for group matching of lithium dynamical battery mainly is to come combo according to the static technique parameter of each electric core.A plurality of technical parameters such as voltage, capacity, internal resistance for example.The important technological parameters of desirable lithium dynamical battery electricity core has the height consistency, and actual conditions are, even the electric core of same batch similar model of same manufacturer production can find that also can there be certain difference in the technical parameter of each electric core after actual measurement.Studies show that, with the increase of battery charge-discharge cycles number of times, battery capacity descends, and the internal resistance of battery increases, the inside battery performance degradation is a process that builds up until the final process that thoroughly lost efficacy, and the inconsistency in the battery pack can be quickened battery pack and enter unsafe condition.
When being the lithium dynamical battery combo, generally there are thousands of electric cores available.The purpose of combo is to select several electric cores to be combined into a lithium dynamical battery from numerous electric cores, and satisfies relevant standard and requirement.In batch production process, not only production efficiency is low for artificial combo, and the battery performance after the combo can not reach best.Lithium dynamical battery manufacturer wishes to adopt the matching technique of science, utilizes existing electric core to produce standard compliant battery as much as possible, to generate profit maximization.Reach such target, just need when combo, take all factors into consideration the multinomial factor such as standard, profit of feature, the product of electric core.In fact, the combo problem of lithium dynamical battery is a multiple target, multifactorial combinatorial optimization problem, also is a NP difficult problem.When problem scale is big (available electric core number), artificial combo is unpractical, must could realize that its difficult point is the design of method for group matching by means of computer.If the method for group matching of design is not suitable for, even adopt present state-of-the-art computer also to be difficult to solve battery combo problem.For example, for any given a collection of battery battery core, can adopt the method for exhaustion to find out best combo scheme in theory, and such method of exhaustion can realize with computer program.But the computational complexity of the method for exhaustion is exponential, and its amount of calculation is very large when problem scale is big, and present state-of-the-art computer also is difficult to finish at short notice, and any substantive help so just can not be arranged the activity in production of lithium dynamical battery.The present invention has designed a kind of approximation method, a kind of core optimized matching technique of lithium dynamical battery electricity core can be provided, and this technology can realize with program on computers that the computing time that needs is shorter, thereby can improve the production efficiency of combo, the battery performance after the raising combo.Process is tested the combo of the electric core real data that lithium dynamical battery manufacturer provides, and has verified that efficient of the technology of the present invention and performance all increase significantly than artificial combo.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the core optimized matching technique of a kind of lithium dynamical battery electricity core M N series connection in parallel, be also referred to as M and N string matching technique.The M parallel connection is meant the mode of M electric core according to parallel connection is coupled together that the M that couples together like this electric core is called a M and joint group, is also referred to as one and joint group.Again the mode of the individual also joint group of N according to series connection coupled together, be called the N series connection.The connected mode of M and N string as shown in Figure 1.Main implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
1. battery battery core selection of technical parameter and mensuration
The technical parameter of lithium dynamical battery electricity core is a lot, and the present invention has selected following important technological parameters according to the requirement of combo: internal resistance R, voltage V, capacitor C (capacity) and charging, discharge curve.Wherein, internal resistance R, voltage V, capacitor C are called static parameter or feature, and charging, discharge curve are called dynamic parameter or feature.For each electric core, by measuring its above-mentioned characteristic parameter.Can calculate parameters R C=R*C according to internal resistance R and capacity C.Generally speaking, the charging curve of each electric core difference when beginning to charge is bigger, reduces gradually along with the increase in charging interval.The discharge curve of each electric core difference when beginning to discharge is less, increases gradually along with the increase of discharge time.The charging curve of lithium dynamical battery and discharge curve are respectively as shown in Figures 2 and 3.The process of measuring the charging of lithium dynamical battery electricity core, discharge characteristic parameter is the different magnitude of voltage situations of change of battery battery core constantly of record.This is one group of centrifugal pump, adopts approach based on linear interpolation to obtain the situation of change of the magnitude of voltage of any time within a certain period of time.The present invention measures the charging characteristic parameter of lithium dynamical battery electricity core under the 1C situation, and the sampling time interval of incipient stage less (about 0.01 second) is along with increase sampling interval in charging interval increases (about 0.1 second) gradually.The present invention measures the discharge characteristic parameter of lithium dynamical battery electricity core under 1C and two kinds of situations of 5C, the sampling time interval of incipient stage and ending phase less (about 0.01 second), and the sampling interval in interstage is big (about 0.1 second).After having measured its internal resistance R, voltage V, capacitor C (capacity) and charging, discharge curve characteristic parameter for each electric core, obtain being similar to one group of data shown in the following table 1.
Table 1 lithium dynamical battery electricity core characteristic parameter table (sample)
| Electricity core label | Voltage V | RC=internal resistance R* capacity C | Charging curve | The 1C discharge curve | The 5C discharge curve |
| ??1 | ??3.333 | ??7.603*2310 | ??2.5，2.6，... | ??3.60，3.51，... | ??3.60，3.45，... |
| ??2 | ??3.322 | ??8.282*2233 | ??2.6，2.7，... | ??3.61，3.52，... | ??3.61，3.46，... |
| ??3 | ??3.316 | ??7.538*2222 | ??2.5，2.6，... | ??3.60，3.54，... | ??3.60，3.43，... |
| ??... | |||||
| ??... |
2. combo order and requirement
For M N series connected battery combo (as Fig. 1) in parallel, implement according to the order of back series connection in parallel earlier.At first from alternative electric core, select M electric core as first and joint group, and then select second and joint group, up to selecting N and joint group.At last the individual also joint group of this N is connected, form a lithium power battery pack.For the electric core of the M in each and the joint group, require their voltage differences between any two to be not more than 0.03 volt, and the high conformity of their technical parameter RC or scope up to specification, charging curve and discharge curve high conformity or scope up to specification.For each and joint group, calculate its capacity, the capacity sum of M electric core promptly and in the joint group is called and the capacity of joint group.Selected N and joint group and calculated each and the capacity of joint group after, to this N and joint group connect (as Fig. 1).The requirement of series connection is this N the also good capacitance consistency or the scope up to specification of joint group.According to the number and the actual needs of in parallel and series electrical core, specifically set the index that combo requires " high conformity or scope up to specification ", be no more than 1% of calibration value as worst error.Therefore, general requirement is for M N series connected battery in parallel combo: the difference the smaller the better (being called constraint in the group) between M the electric core in each and the joint group, the capacity volume variance the smaller the better (be called between group and retrain) between N and the joint group simultaneously.Experiment and result of calculation show that all these two kinds of constraints influence each other, mutual restriction, and the key of combo is how to satisfy this two item constraint simultaneously, and the combo result who obtains under certain meaning is best.
That for one M electric core arranged and joint group, the extreme difference of its certain parameter (as voltage, RC etc.) are meant that any two electric cores are about the maximum of the difference of this parameter in this and the joint group.For example, the computing formula of the extreme difference G_RC of the parameters R C of M and joint group G is as follows:
A wherein
iI among an expression and the joint group G electric core, A
i(RC) value of the parameters R C of i electric core among expression and the joint group G.The computing formula of the extreme difference of other parameters is similar.
3. method for group matching
The method of combo is: the important technological parameters (comprising: internal resistance R, voltage V, capacitor C (capacity) and charging, discharge curve) that at first will participate in all electric cores of combo is stored according to the form of above-mentioned table 1, obtain the important technological parameters table of electric core, be also referred to as parameter list; Set the number M in parallel and the number N of series connection; Select N M and joint group then, again this N M and joint group are together in series.
The method of selecting N M and joint group has four steps, that is:
(1) sorts from small to large for the numerical value of above-mentioned parameter table according to parameters R C row.The method of selecting one and joint group according to the result after the ordering is as follows: in the parameter list after ordering, calculate the extreme difference of the parameters R C of a continuous N electric core.If the extreme difference of parameters R C meets the demands, select this M electric core as one and joint group.Otherwise, the combo failure.If obtained one and joint group, then, from parameter list, select the next one and joint group again in the data of remainder, up to selecting N so also joint group in this way with this also M electric core deletion temporarily from parameter list of joint group.
(2) calculate each also extreme difference of joint group voltage.If this also interior electric core of joint group is adjusted in constraint in the satisfied group of the extreme difference of voltage, the method for adjustment is to subtract the one-plus-one method.M in this an and the joint group electric core is sorted from small to large according to magnitude of voltage, calculate the voltage difference V1 of two the electric cores in ordering foremost, back and the voltage difference V2 of latter two electric core respectively; If V1 〉=V2 removes a top electric core from this group, otherwise, last electric core is removed from this group.Never belong to again look in the electric core of any one and joint group one add should and joint group, make add behind this electricity core should and the extreme difference of joint group voltage meet the demands, and should and the extreme difference of joint group parameters R C also meet the demands.Adjust each also joint group like this, the extreme difference that makes each and joint group all satisfy voltage requires the extreme difference requirement with parameters R C.
(3) calculate the average mode of electric core discharge curve in each and the joint group, calculate and joint group in each electric core discharge curve organize the similarity of average mode with this; If the similarity of the discharge curve of certain electric core and this group average mode is less and undesirable in the group, should from this group, remove by the electricity core, never belong to again look in the electric core of any one and joint group one add should and joint group, being somebody's turn to do also behind feasible this electricity core of adding, the extreme difference of joint group voltage meets the demands, should and the extreme difference of joint group parameters R C meet the demands, and should and joint group in the similarity of each electric core discharge curve and this group average mode also meet the demands.The calculating in this step is divided into 1C and two kinds of situations of 5C discharge are carried out respectively, and computational methods are identical.
(4) calculate the average mode of electric core charging curve in each and the joint group, calculate and joint group in each electric core charging curve organize the similarity of average mode with this; If the similarity of the charging curve of certain electric core and this group average mode is less and undesirable in the group, should from this group, remove by the electricity core, never belong to again look in the electric core of any one and joint group one add should and joint group, being somebody's turn to do also behind feasible this electricity core of adding, the extreme difference of joint group voltage meets the demands, also the extreme difference of joint group parameters R C meets the demands, should and joint group in the similarity of each electric core discharge curve and this group discharge curve average mode meet the demands, and the similarity of each electric core charging curve and this group charging curve average mode also meets the demands in this and the joint group.
Through above-mentioned four steps, N M and joint group have been selected.Calculate each also capability value of joint group, calculate N the also extreme difference of the capability value of joint group again.If this extreme difference does not meet the demands, then the capability value to this N and joint group sorts from small to large, calculates the poor C1 and the poorest C2 of the capability value of latter two group of the capability value of two groups in ordering foremost, back respectively; If C1 〉=C2 then adjusts first and joint group, otherwise adjust last and joint group, make the capability value of this and joint group meet the demands.The method of adjusting one and joint group is as described in above-mentioned step (1)～(4).
At last, order is exported the label of electric core in each and the joint group, prints a combo scheme and combo result thereof (mainly comprising the various error informations that this combo scheme produces).The technical staff of manufacturer examines and determines whether carry out combo production according to this scheme to the combo scheme.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the lithium dynamical battery electricity core M N in parallel mode that is connected in series.The art of this patent is carried out combo at this connected mode.
Fig. 2 is the lithium dynamical battery charging curve.Wherein, transverse axis be the time (hour), the longitudinal axis (left side) is voltage (volt), the longitudinal axis (right side) is electric current (peace).Solid line is the change curve of cell voltage in the charging process, and dotted line is the change curve of charging current in the charging process.When beginning to charge, generally adopt constant current charge, when cell voltage reached a predetermined value, charging current sharply descended, and changed constant voltage charge into.
Fig. 3 is lithium dynamical battery discharge curve of (0.2CmA and 0.5CmA) under two kinds of multiplying power situations.Wherein, transverse axis be the time (hour), the longitudinal axis is voltage (volt).When beginning to discharge (in the about several seconds kinds), the voltage of battery descends very fast, and then change in voltage is steady, and when voltage drops to certain threshold value, continuing discharge voltage will sharply descend.
Embodiment
(1) the battery production producer important technological parameters (comprising: internal resistance R, voltage V, capacitor C (capacity) and charging, discharge curve) that will participate in all electric cores of combo is tested, and stores according to the form of above-mentioned table 1.
(2) the number M of parallel connection and the number N of series connection in the battery production factory settings combo.
(3) start on computers and move lithium battery combo program, approximately computer output combo scheme in 1-3 minute.
(4) technical staff of battery production producer examines the combo scheme of computer output, determines whether combo, production.
Claims (6)
1. the present invention relates to the core optimized matching technique of a kind of lithium dynamical battery electricity core M N series connection in parallel, be used for realizing the fast automatic combo of battery battery core.Select some important performance indexes of lithium dynamical battery electricity core, as voltage V, internal resistance R and capacitor C (capacity), charging and discharge curve etc. as the combo parameter, according to consistency, the internal resistance R of voltage V
*The consistency of the consistency of capacitor C and the consistency of discharge curve, charging curve is selected N M and joint group, carries out combo according to the consistency of the capacity of each and joint group again.If the consistency of certain and joint group is undesirable, adjust electric core in this and the joint group according to subtracting the one-plus-one method.
2. according to claim 1, its technical characterictic is: voltage V, the internal resistance R of selection lithium dynamical battery electricity core and capacitor C (capacity), charging and discharge curve etc. are as the combo parameter.
3. according to claim 1, its technical characterictic is: according to consistency, the internal resistance R of voltage V
*The consistency of the consistency of capacitor C and the consistency of discharge curve, charging curve is selected N M and joint group, carries out combo according to the consistency of the capacity of each and joint group again.If the consistency of certain and joint group is undesirable, adjust electric core in this and the joint group according to subtracting the one-plus-one method.
4. according to claim 1, its technical characterictic is: the value (be internal resistance R multiply by capacitor C) of all electric cores that participate in combos according to its RC parameter sorted from small to large, calculate the extreme difference of the RC parameter of M continuous electric core in the electric core parameter list after ordering.
5. according to claim 1, its technical characterictic is: the size according to the charging curve of each electric core in and the joint group and the similarity of this group average mode determines whether to replace this electricity core.If similarity is less or undesirable, should from this group, remove by the electricity core, never belong to again look in the electric core of any one and joint group one add should and joint group, being somebody's turn to do also behind feasible this electricity core of adding, the extreme difference of joint group voltage meets the demands, should and the extreme difference of joint group parameters R C meet the demands, and should and joint group in the similarity of each electric core charging curve and this group charging curve average mode also meet the demands.
6. according to claim 1, its technical characterictic is: the size according to the discharge curve of each electric core in and the joint group and the similarity of this group average mode determines whether to replace this electricity core.If similarity is less or undesirable, should from this group, remove by the electricity core, never belong to again look in the electric core of any one and joint group one add should and joint group, being somebody's turn to do also behind feasible this electricity core of adding, the extreme difference of joint group voltage meets the demands, should and the extreme difference of joint group parameters R C meet the demands, and should and joint group in the similarity of each electric core discharge curve and this group discharge curve average mode also meet the demands.
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