A kind of method of producing dithiocarbonic anhydride
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of the compound of a kind of carbon containing and sulphur, be specially a kind of method of producing dithiocarbonic anhydride.
Background technology
Dithiocarbonic anhydride is a kind of important chemical material, all is widely used in production departments such as regenerated fiber, agricultural chemicals, rubber, technics of metallurgy mineral dressing.The present operational path of dry production dithiocarbonic anhydride: the one, traditional is that the rice steamer formula interrupter method of raw material is produced route, energy consumption height, labour intensity is big, production efficiency is low with sulphur and coke, equipment corrosion and environmental pollution are serious, belong to the production route that is eliminated, at present domestic 55% the throughput of also having an appointment adopts this technology; The 2nd, that advanced is the synthetic route of raw material, i.e. CH with the Sweet natural gas
4+ 4S → CS
2+ 2H
2S, the per pass conversion less than 50% of its sulphur, a large amount of toxic gas hydrogen sulfide of by-product must be by Crouse's system recoveries sulphur, and investment is high, and sulfur-bearing treating tail gas difficulty is big; Its temperature of reaction surpasses 600 ℃, and equipment corrosion is also very serious.In addition, the factory site is subjected to the restriction of gas source, has increased CS
2Long-distance danger that transports of product and cost.Therefore, exploitation low temperature and environmentally friendly carbon disulphide production novel process, significant.
With CO and sulphur steam is the reaction CO+S=COS (1) of raw material synthesizing carbonyl sulphur, existing both at home and abroad more research, and the COS yield can reach more than 95%, and has realized industrial report in a small amount.Because the purpose of this reaction is preparation COS, catalyzer that it is selected for use and reaction conditions all help the synthetic of carbonylsulfide, and do not possess further catalysis of carbonyl sulphur disproportionation decomposition reaction 2COS=CS
2+ CO
2(2) to prepare the function of dithiocarbonic anhydride.About the research of the disproportionation decomposition reaction (2) of COS, when adopting the decomposition reaction of on-catalytic direct heat, generating CO more than 600 ℃
2And CS
2, then generating CO and element S more than 900 ℃, reaction process is difficult to control.Not seeing as yet in the document has more detailed result of study, does not more have the report of relevant this reaction industryization.COS disproportionation decomposition reaction (2) belongs to reversible reaction, and the equilibrium constant is 0.22 under standard state, and equilibrium conversion should be near 50%, because reaction heat approaches zero, so the equilibrium constant is also less with temperature change.Patent US7090818 adopts SO
2With CO be feedstock production COS, imagination is decomposed with the COS disproportionation and is produced CS again
2For improving the disproportionation transformation efficiency of COS, this patent imagination adopts the method for phase transition to break through the restriction of thermodynamic(al)equilibrium, will react and merger is a three phase catalytic reaction device, 50-250 ℃ with the 0.1-1.0MPa condition under, make COS and solvent simultaneously by the disproportionation catalyzer, disproportionation product C S
2By solvent absorbing, and be insoluble to the CO of solvent
2Then emit, reach COS and be converted into CS fully with gaseous product
2Purpose.But this reactor is quite complicated, seeks suitable solvent and realizes that the difficulty of this imagination is high.Therefore this patent does not provide respective embodiments and concrete experimental result, does not have the value of practical application.
Patent CN101289186 (CN200810055159.3) will react (1) and (2) first and join together to be used to prepare dithiocarbonic anhydride, and providing a kind of is raw material production CS by CO and sulphur steam
2Novel method.This method is that CO and sulphur steam are introduced the reaction tower generation COS that the low temperature synthetic catalyst is housed, and this catalyzer can also make COS in a small amount be decomposed into CO
2And CS
2So, be a kind of dual-function catalyst, total reaction is: CO+S=xCOS+ (1-x) (0.5CO
2+ 0.5CS
2) (3); Again with mix products by the disproportionation reaction tower of COS disproportionation catalyst is housed, make COS further be decomposed into CO
2And CS
2, the mixed gas of generation is isolated CS by condenser
2Crude product; To contain CO at last
2Carry out absorption extraction with undecomposed COS gas mixture with solvent, separated products COS sends into the disproportionation reaction tower once more and decomposes again, and CO
2Then returning the CO Gas-making Furnace utilizes again.Though this method has solved the problems that exist in the prior art, have that raw material is easy to get and be not subjected to the advantages such as waste discharge that region restriction, reaction and sepn process are simple, reduced reaction process, but prove through production practice, above-mentioned operational path is still not too reasonable, the separation efficiency of carbonylsulfide and carbonic acid gas is relative not to be very high, make that the transformation efficiency of carbonylsulfide is relatively low, finally cause the yield of dithiocarbonic anhydride lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention exists the transformation efficiency of carbonylsulfide lower in order to solve the existing technology that above-mentioned reaction (1) and (2) are united in order to prepare dithiocarbonic anhydride, the separation efficiency of carbonylsulfide and carbonic acid gas is relative not to be very high, cause the lower problem of yield of dithiocarbonic anhydride, a kind of method of producing dithiocarbonic anhydride is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of method of producing dithiocarbonic anhydride, this method may further comprise the steps: a. introduces the carbonylsulfide synthetic tower that metallic sulfide COS low temperature synthetic catalyst is housed with carbon monoxide and sulphur steam, generate carbonylsulfide, and make part carbonylsulfide disproportionation be decomposed into dithiocarbonic anhydride and carbonic acid gas; B. will generate based on carbonylsulfide and the mix products that contains a small amount of dithiocarbonic anhydride and carbonic acid gas by condensation separator, make the dithiocarbonic anhydride separation that is condensed; C. after the gas phase mixture based on carbonylsulfide and carbonic acid gas that step b separation is obtained boosts, enter the first rectifying tower compression rectification, carbonic acid gas is told with gas phase from cat head; D. after the kettle base solution of first rectifying tower decompression dithiocarbonic anhydride phlegma back and that step b obtains mixes, enter the second rectifying tower rectifying, the gas phase carbonylsulfide is told from cat head, obtains the dithiocarbonic anhydride crude product at the bottom of the tower; E. after the gas phase carbonylsulfide that obtains from steps d reduces pressure, entering the carbonylsulfide disproportionation tower that the acidic metal oxide catalyzer is housed decomposes, the resulting mixture that contains carbonylsulfide, carbonic acid gas and dithiocarbonic anhydride and from step b obtain merge based on carbonylsulfide and the mix products that contains a small amount of dithiocarbonic anhydride and carbonic acid gas after, enter the condensation separator of step b, carry out follow-up sepn process once more according to above-mentioned steps, realize the cyclic production process.
Described carbon monoxide raw material is that raw material, oxygen and carbonic acid gas are that vaporized chemical obtains with coke or coal, also can utilize the tail gas clean-up that contains CO of by-product in other chemical industry or the metallurgical production process to obtain, or utilize other chemical process to obtain; Described carbonic acid gas is an isolated carbonic acid gas among the above-mentioned steps c, can effectively reduce production costs.
The mol ratio of unstripped gas S/CO is 0.9-5.0 among the above-mentioned steps a, this carbonylsulfide building-up reactions is 0.1-2.5MPa at pressure, temperature is to carry out under 150-400 ℃ the condition, choose any one kind of them in 11 elements of described metallic sulfide COS low temperature synthetic catalyst by group vib metallic element Cr, Mo, W, the metallic element Fe of VIII family, Co, Ni and alkaline-earth metal Mn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or several metallic element mixes with arbitrary proportion, and make by the reaction of the corresponding metal oxide of selected metallic element and vulcanizing agent, its carrier is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, TiO
2, ZrO
2In any one or a few mix with arbitrary proportion.This catalyzer can make the synthetic of carbonylsulfide and disproportionation decomposition have high reactivity and highly selective under these conditions, it is a kind of efficient dual-function catalyst, be different from the existing two class simple function catalyzer that carbonylsulfide is synthetic or disproportionation is decomposed that are exclusively used in, the above-mentioned method for preparing metallic sulfide COS low temperature synthetic catalyst by the oxide compound and the vulcanizing agent of respective metal element is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and described vulcanizing agent can be hydrogen sulfide, dithiocarbonic anhydride or sulphur steam.
The condensing pressure of condensation separator is controlled at 0.1-2.5MPa among the above-mentioned steps b, and condensing temperature is controlled at below the dew point of dithiocarbonic anhydride, impels most dithiocarbonic anhydride to be condensed into liquid.
The working pressure of first rectifying tower is 1.0-3.5MPa among the above-mentioned steps c, and feeding manner can be in mutually any one of gas phase, liquid phase or gas-liquid mixed.The purpose of above-mentioned steps c compression rectification is to improve COS and CO
2Dividing potential drop, and corresponding boiling point, thus improved rectifying separation COS and CO
2Efficient and operability.
The working pressure of second rectifying tower is 0.1-2.0MPa among the above-mentioned steps d, and feeding manner is a liquid phase feeding.
The disproportionation reaction temperature of carbonylsulfide is 100-450 ℃ among the above-mentioned steps e, and described acidic metal oxide catalyzer is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, TiO
2, ZrO
2, in the molecular sieve, diatomite any one or a few mix with arbitrary proportion.Under this catalyst action, improved the actual conversion of reaction greatly, and also easy and simple to handle, realize easily.
The present invention provides a kind of and produces CS by CO and sulphur on the basis of patent CN101289186
2Different and more rational new technological flow, its innovation part shows: the one, by adjusting prescription and preparation method, improved the interior dual-function catalyst of first reaction tower (carbonylsulfide synthetic tower) to generation CS
2Selectivity, promptly when the mol ratio of S/CO is 0.9-5.0, CO is reached fully transform, and improve the COS disproportionation and be decomposed into CO
2And CS
2Ability, obviously increased CS
2Yield; The 2nd, the output gas of first reaction tower (is contained COS, CO
2And CS
2Gas mixture), after condensation and rectifying separation, the pure gas of the COS that separation is obtained enters further catalytic decomposition of second reaction tower (carbonylsulfide disproportionation tower) again, has improved CS significantly
2Yield; The 3rd, adopted compression rectification means separation of C O
2, COS and CS
2, known, CS
2Normal boiling point be 46.2 ℃, and COS and CO
2Boiling point then be respectively-50.3 and-78.5 ℃, pressurization can improve the boiling point of cut, contains CO thereby obviously improved
2, COS and CS
2The separation efficiency and the operability of converted product.This technical process has realized the continuous circulation of whole process of production, has improved the transformation efficiency of carbonylsulfide greatly, has obviously increased CS
2Yield, and reaction and the simple and easy operation of sepn process; COS after the separation and CO
2All can recycle, whole process does not have the side reaction waste discharge, is an atom economy and energy saving and environment friendly cleaner production process, and if the chemical production device of some by-product CO unite to found the factory and can embody bigger energy-conservation and environment-friendly advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention;
Among the figure: 1-metallic sulfide COS low temperature synthetic catalyst; 2-carbonylsulfide synthetic tower; The 3-condensation separator; 4-first rectifying tower; 5-second rectifying tower; 6-acidic metal oxide catalyzer; 7-carbonylsulfide disproportionation tower; 8-carbon monoxide producer; The 9-gas compressor; 10-gas puffing valve; 11-liquid reducing valve; The 12-transferpump; 13-melts the sulphur jar.
Embodiment
A kind of method of producing dithiocarbonic anhydride, in carbon monoxide producer 8, be that raw material, oxygen and carbonic acid gas are that vaporized chemical prepares the unstripped gas carbon monoxide at first with the coke, described carbonic acid gas is an isolated carbonic acid gas among the above-mentioned steps c, may further comprise the steps then:
A. with the carbon monoxide that makes after gas compressor 9 pressurizations, enter and melt sulphur jar 13 bubblings, obtain the uniform mixing gas (dividing potential drop of sulphur steam is by the control of molten sulfur temperature) of CO and sulphur steam, introduce the carbonylsulfide synthetic tower 2 that metallic sulfide COS low temperature synthetic catalyst 1 is housed then, generate carbonylsulfide, and make part carbonylsulfide disproportionation be decomposed into dithiocarbonic anhydride and carbonic acid gas; The mol ratio of unstripped gas S/CO is that 0.9-5.0 (or is 0.9 among the step a, or be 5.0, or be arbitrary value in this scope), this carbonylsulfide building-up reactions is 0.1-2.5MPa (value can be 0.1MPa or 2.5MPa or 1MPa or 2MPa or 1.5MPa) at pressure, temperature is to carry out under the condition of 150-400 ℃ (value can be 150 ℃ or 400 ℃ or 200 ℃ or 250 ℃ or 350 ℃), described metallic sulfide COS low temperature synthetic catalyst 1 is by group vib metallic element Cr, Mo, W, the metallic element Fe of VIII family, Co, Ni and alkaline-earth metal Mn, Mg, Ca, Sr, choose any one kind of them in 11 elements of Ba or several metallic element mixes with arbitrary proportion, and make by the reaction of the corresponding metal oxide of selected metallic element and vulcanizing agent, its carrier is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, TiO
2, ZrO
2In any one or a few mix with arbitrary proportion.In the specific implementation, this conversion catalyst can be CoMoMg/Al
2O
3Or FeCr/Al
2O
3-TiO
2Or CoMo/Al
2O
3Or WNi/Al
2O
3-SiO
2Or CrNi/Al
2O
3-SiO
2-ZrO
2Or W/ZrO
2Or CaSr/Al
2O
3-SiO
2Or MoNi SrBa/Al
2O
3-SiO
2-TiO
2Etc. multiple;
What b. will generate passes through condensation separator 3 based on carbonylsulfide and the mix products (may contain be the carbon monoxide of reaction on a small quantity) that contains a small amount of dithiocarbonic anhydride and carbonic acid gas, condensing pressure is controlled at 0.1-2.5MPa (value can be 0.1MPa or 2.5MPa or 1MPa or 1.5MPa or 2MPa), condensing temperature is controlled at below the dew point of dithiocarbonic anhydride, make the dithiocarbonic anhydride separation that is condensed, by discharging at the bottom of the condenser still; Based on dithiocarbonic anhydride, may be dissolved with the CO of a certain amount of COS and minute quantity in the resulting phlegma
2, the gas phase of telling contains a certain amount of CO then based on COS
2CS with minute quantity
2
C. step b is separated obtain based on the gas phase mixture of carbonylsulfide and carbonic acid gas after gas compressor 6 boosts, enter first rectifying tower 4 and (take off CO
2Tower) compression rectification, feeding manner can be in mutually any one of gas phase, liquid phase or gas-liquid mixed, working pressure is 1.0-3.5MPa (value can be 1.0MPa or 3.5MPa or 2MPa or 2.5MPa or 3.0MPa), carbonic acid gas is told with gas phase from cat head, behind decompression throttle expansion valve 10, return the CO Gas-making Furnace and do the raw material use, and the recovery cold, the liquid phase of telling at the bottom of the tower is that COS (may contain minute quantity CS
2);
D. the kettle base solution of first rectifying tower 4 through after 11 decompressions of transferpump 12, liquid reducing valve with after dithiocarbonic anhydride phlegma that step b obtains mixes, enter second rectifying tower 5 (taking off the COS tower) rectifying, working pressure is 0.1-2.0MPa (value can be 0.1MPa or 1.0MPa or 1.5MPa or 2.0MPa), feeding manner is a liquid phase feeding, the gas phase carbonylsulfide is told from cat head, obtain the liquid carbon disulphide crude product at the bottom of the tower, CS
2Crude product finally can obtain pure CS after further rectifying is processed
2Liquid product;
E. after the gas phase carbonylsulfide that obtains from steps d reduces pressure, enter the carbonylsulfide disproportionation tower 7 (COS disproportionation tower) that acidic metal oxide catalyzer 6 is housed and carry out the disproportionation decomposition, the disproportionation reaction temperature is 100-450 ℃ (value can be 100 ℃ or 450 ℃ or 200 ℃ or 250 ℃ or 350 ℃ or 300 ℃ or 400 ℃), and described acidic metal oxide catalyzer 6 is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, TiO
2, ZrO
2, in the molecular sieve, diatomite any one or a few mix with arbitrary proportion, in the specific implementation, can be and be Al separately
2O
3Or SiO
2Or TiO
2Or ZrO
2Or molecular sieve or diatomite, also can be Al
2O
3-SiO
2Or Al
2O
3-TiO
2Or SiO
2-diatomite or SiO
2-TiO
2-ZrO
2Etc. multiple; The resulting mixture that contains carbonylsulfide, carbonic acid gas and dithiocarbonic anhydride and from step b obtain merge based on carbonylsulfide and the mix products that contains a small amount of dithiocarbonic anhydride and carbonic acid gas after, enter the condensation separator 3 of step b and rectifying separation subsequently, (step b, c, d, e) carries out follow-up sepn process once more according to above-mentioned steps, realize the cyclic production process, not only improve the yield of dithiocarbonic anhydride greatly, and do not have any waste discharge.
Below be to be respectively the test-results of the typical test result of carbonylsulfide catalytic conversion reaction (1), carbonylsulfide catalytic disproportionation reaction (2) and first rectifying tower, second rectifying tower:
Table 1 is the test-results of COS catalytic conversion reaction (1)
Reaction conditions: molten sulfur temperature=350 ℃, 300 ℃ of temperature of reaction, pressure=normal pressure, CO air speed=1000ml/g-cath.
CO transformation efficiency={ [CO] advance-[CO] go out }/[CO] advances
COS disproportionation rate=1-[COS] go out/([CO] advance-[CO] go out)
Table 2 is the test-results of carbonylsulfide catalytic disproportionation reaction (2)
Reaction conditions: catalyzer: TiO2-Al2O3 reaction conditions: air speed=1000ml/g-cath pressure=normal pressure
COS disproportionation rate={ [COS] advance-[COS] go out }/[COS] advances
Table 3 is the test-results of first rectifying tower and second rectifying tower