CN101808563A - The water-conducting domestic appliance that comprises water-softening plant - Google Patents
The water-conducting domestic appliance that comprises water-softening plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101808563A CN101808563A CN200880109157A CN200880109157A CN101808563A CN 101808563 A CN101808563 A CN 101808563A CN 200880109157 A CN200880109157 A CN 200880109157A CN 200880109157 A CN200880109157 A CN 200880109157A CN 101808563 A CN101808563 A CN 101808563A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- domestic appliance
- conducting domestic
- ion
- remaining range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/4229—Water softening arrangements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00
- D06F39/007—Arrangements of water softeners
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F34/28—Arrangements for program selection, e.g. control panels therefor; Arrangements for indicating program parameters, e.g. the selected program or its progress
- D06F34/32—Arrangements for program selection, e.g. control panels therefor; Arrangements for indicating program parameters, e.g. the selected program or its progress characterised by graphical features, e.g. touchscreens
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2101/00—User input for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user
- D06F2105/60—Audible signals
Abstract
The present invention relates to water-conducting domestic appliance, comprise at least one water-softening plant, in described device, untreated water can be directed through an ion-exchanger, and described ion-exchanger can be reproduced by regenerate brine.According to the present invention, described electrical equipment comprises a display (26), is used to show that at least one is by the determined remaining range of described regenerant salt supply.The invention still further relates to the method for the water softening that is used for water-conducting domestic appliance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water-conducting domestic appliance that comprises water-softening plant according to the preamble of claim 1.
Background technology
Known water-conducting domestic appliance for example comprises the dish-washing machine of water-softening plant.The water-softening plant of described type is used to reduce hardness of water.This makes water by comprising the ion-exchanger of ion exchange resin.In this structure, water contacts with ion exchange resin, and wherein in the process process of interchanger, ion, the calcium that especially dissolves in water and magnesium are by the sodium ion displacement of ion exchange resin.The water of soft can obtain in the exit of ion-exchanger then.
At ion-exchanger because calcium ion and magnesium ion and after saturated specific operating time, the diadochy decline of sodium ion.The efficient of ion-exchanger reduces in this process.
Known making by following measure is about to ion exchange resin regeneration also therefore pass through ion exchange resin by the salting liquid of regenerant salt acquisition by ion-exchanger.For salting liquid is provided, the storage container that is used for regenerant salt must be filled it up with the amount of regenerant salt at regular intervals by the user of household electrical appliance.Usually, when regenerant salt need add, will be by the user alarm of a display to household electrical appliance.
The hardness of water that will soften is big more, and then ion-exchanger is loaded just frequently more, and just needs frequently to regenerate more.This has also caused the increase of the consumption of regenerant salt then.
In the situation of known water-softening plant,, after the highest regenerant salt consumption when the high original water hardness of most probable, fill it up with alarm and pass to the user in the mode of signal disadvantageously in order to ensure reliable operation.Therefore sort signal is independent of actual original water hardness and thereby is independent of actual final regenerant salt consumption.Therefore, fill it up with when signal still has enough the regenerant salt of a large amount of storages in the regenerant salt storage container and exported.If regenerant salt was added in this time, then there is such danger, the saturated brine of promptly unnecessary big volume will be gone out and will flow in the purge chamber of household electrical appliance from storage container.Unnecessary load will be born in the purge chamber therefore, and the salt solution of going out will no longer can be used in the regeneration processing.
Deutsche Bundespatent open source literature DE 69616864T2 for example discloses a kind of dish-washing machine with water-softening plant, and in described device, the regenerate brine of specified quantitative is used to function as the hardness of the actual measurement of water via the control module regenerating ion exchange resin.Yet, and unresolved problem of regenerant salt being filled up again storage container.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water-conducting domestic appliance and water softening method that comprises regenerating unit,, can optimize the consumption of regenerant salt in simple mode by means of this.
This purpose realizes that by means of a water-conducting domestic appliance wherein said water-conducting domestic appliance comprises the feature described in the claim 1 according to the present invention.One display is set for and shows by determined at least one remaining range of regenerant salt supply and mean and can optimize the process that recharge storage container by the user of household electrical appliance.Only when the supply of regenerant salt is lower than a predetermined minimum threshold, will impel the user to fill it up with container via the output of the signal on the packed height display.
Simultaneously, the on-the-spot water hardness that occur, that promptly occur in the place that water-conducting domestic appliance is installed can manually be set when electrical equipment moves first by the operator or by setter, and wherein a control module is determined the remaining range of regenerant salt based on the data of described manual input.In this case, assert that storage container is full fully at the beginning of the cycle.Alternatively, the amount of the regenerant salt that is comprised in storage container can also determine by means of a sensor, so that determine packed height and the remaining scope of determining according to the data of the water hardness of manual input.
In addition, preferably be arranged to by means of the sensor measurement original water hardness that is used to detect former hardness of water.Thereby, utilized by the actually determined value that original water hardness drew reality, that also may fluctuate.In a word, this makes the consumption more optionally control regenerant salt, and this is because prevented or at least seriously limited refilling and the potential loss of associated regenerate brine of storage container too early.
This purpose realizes by means of a method with feature of claim 8 according to the present invention.The remaining scope of regenerant salt supply is determined and means to this fact that the household electrical appliance user shows, the user can influence the process of filling it up with again of storage container according to actual salt demand in simple mode.Therefore, scope that can the maximum using regenerant salt.Simultaneously, this means the supply that can farthest utilize regenerant salt.Except with the potential saving of this regenerant salt of mentioning, also reduced generally by salt or salt solution and the load in the cleaning cabin of causing.
Preferably, be arranged in this case, this scope is calculated by the regenerant salt supply of measuring, and promptly corresponding sensor utensil is used to measure the regenerant salt supply in the storage container.Alternatively,, can be arranged to automatically detect filling it up with again of regenerant salt, and in order to calculate remaining range, can think that the regenerant salt supply fills up fully in order to measure the regenerant salt supply.
In addition, preferably be arranged to, this scope is calculated by the original water hardness of measuring, and promptly corresponding sensor utensil also is used, and this means the fluctuation that also can detect in this case in the original water hardness.
In another preferred embodiment remodeling, regenerant salt supply of being arranged to measure and predetermined threshold value contrast, thereby the method for reliable realization function is provided by simple measure.If the supply of measuring is lower than predetermined threshold value, the demonstration of the delay of remaining range then can be set, thereby only just start demonstration when remaining range has reached the lower boundary of a key, for example this has guaranteed the reliable operation at the water-softening plant of the only cleaning procedure in three cleaning procedures.
Description of drawings
The present invention is following with reference to the explanation in further detail in illustrative examples of relevant accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the regenerating unit that is used for water-conducting domestic appliance; And
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of water softening method.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 show this be not shown specifically such as the water-conducting domestic appliance of dish-washing machine on the whole by the regenerating unit of Reference numeral 10 expressions.Regenerating unit 10 comprises ion-exchanger 12, includes ion exchange resin 14 in described ion-exchanger.Ion-exchanger 12 is connected to former water supply line via valve 16.Therefore ion-exchanger 12 is provided with in the runner of former water.Have with the water of the comparable hardness that reduces of former water and discharge at outlet 20 places of ion-exchanger 12.The design of such ion-exchanger 12 and operator scheme are known substantially, thereby can not handle the details of this respect within the scope of the invention in further detail.
Regenerating unit 10 also comprises storage container 22, and in described storage container, regenerant salt 26 can be poured via filling device 24.Storage container 22 can be connected to former water supply line 18 via valve 28, and can be contained in this case in the runner of ion-exchanger 12.
Regenerating unit 10 additionally disposes a control module 30.Former hardness of water can manually be set when electrical equipment moves first or for example be set by means of control module 30 by the operator by setter.Alternatively, be used for determining that the sensor 32 of former hardness of water can be set up, described sensor is connected to control module 30.Control module 30 also is connected to the packed height sensor 34 of storage compartment 22 in both of these case.Valve 28 is connected to control module 30 equally.Finally, being used for the user's of household electrical appliance display unit 36 can also be controlled via control module 30.Except function described herein, control module 30 can also be realized other measurement, control, adjusting and the monitoring function of household electrical appliance certainly, and these functions are not explained in the scope of following explanation in detail.
Regenerating unit 10 as shown in Figure 1 has following function.
In the use of household electrical appliance in desired mode, former current that is to say through ion-exchanger 12 and processed in known manner, reduce hardness.Former hardness of water is manually set by setter when electrical equipment moves first or is set by the operator, and perhaps alternatively, control module 30 is measured and passed to the actual hardness of water by means of sensor 32.If understand the value of the ion-exchange capacity of former hardness of water value and ion-exchanger 12, then control module 30 is determined the load condition of ion exchange resin 14.
If the load condition of ion exchange resin 14 has surpassed predetermined threshold value, then begin the regeneration processing by opening valve 28.In this processing procedure, the saline solution that is produced by means of regenerant salt 26 ion-exchanger 12 of flowing through, thereby make regenerating ion exchange resin 14 in known manner.Make regenerate brine makes that consumption comprises in storage container 22 regenerant salt 26.Control module 30 is measured and transferred to the actual amount that still is positioned at the regenerant salt 26 of storage container 22 via packed height sensor 34.
Based on the available supply of the load condition and the regenerant salt 26 in the storage container 22 of the known hardness of former water and ion-exchanger 12, control module 30 present calculating still are positioned at the scope of amount of the regenerant salt 26 of storage container 22.In other words, can determine that the supply of regenerant salt 26 before must filling it up with feeding mechanism via filling device 24 is with the time span that continues by means of control module 30.Pass to the user of household electrical appliance via display unit 36 in the mode of signal by control module 30 determined described scopes.
The extent of supply of regenerant salt 26 is for example by means of being issued signal for the known color coding system of user.Be also contemplated that these scopes of simulation such as light emitting diode by means of the energising that reduces quantity.In addition, conformable display can also be set, thereby for example send text message: " in 3 cleaning frequencies, needing salt to refill ".In addition, it will also be appreciated that certainly other sends the form of signal, for example based on voice output etc.
Fig. 2 shows block diagram, and it shows each order of steps of the water softening method of realizing by means of control module 30 according to the present invention.
Former hardness of water is measured in step 40.Alternatively, can be with reference to the former hardness of water of setting when electrical equipment moves first by setter or set by the operator.In step 42, the load condition of ion-exchanger 12 and threshold value 44 contrasts.If described load condition less than predetermined threshold value 44, then begin the regeneration of ion exchange resin 14 in step 46, thereby valve 28 is opened the ion-exchanger 12 thereby regenerate brine will be flowed through.The load condition of ion-exchanger 12 redefines and goes to once more comparison step 42 then in step 48.
Reference numerals list:
10 regenerating units
12 ion-exchangers
14 ion exchange resin
16 valves
18 former water supply lines
20 outlets
22 storage containers
24 filling devices
26 regenerant salts
28 valves
30 control modules
32 sensors
34 packed height sensors
36 display unit
40 steps
42 step/contrasts
44 threshold values
46 regeneration step
48 steps
50 steps
52 steps
54 packed heights
56 steps
Claims (12)
1. a water-conducting domestic appliance, especially dish-washing machine or washing machine, at least comprise water-softening plant, in described water-softening plant, the former water ion-exchanger of can flowing through, and described ion-exchanger can be reproduced by means of regenerate brine, it is characterized in that a display (36) is set for the remaining range that shows that at least one is calculated by a regenerant salt supply.
2. water-conducting domestic appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water-conducting domestic appliance also comprises a control module (30), and wherein said control module is connected to a sensor (34), and wherein said sensor is used for determining the packed height at the storage container (22) of regenerant salt.
3. water-conducting domestic appliance according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described water-conducting domestic appliance also comprises a control module (30), and wherein said control module is connected to the sensor (32) that is used for determining described former hardness of water.
4. water-conducting domestic appliance according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described water-conducting domestic appliance also comprises the device that is used for manually setting former hardness of water value.
5. according to the arbitrary described water-conducting domestic appliance of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described water-conducting domestic appliance also comprises a control module (30), it is connected to the described display (36) that shows described remaining range.
6. water-conducting domestic appliance according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described control module (30) is provided for lingeringly showing described remaining range, especially as the function of the remaining range that is calculated and/or based on lingeringly show described remaining range with the contrast of predetermined threshold value.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described water-conducting domestic appliances, it is characterized in that described display (36) is optics and/or acoustics display.
8. one kind is used for water-conducting domestic appliance, the method for the demineralized water of dish-washing machine or washing machine especially, former current are through an ion-exchanger, and described ion-exchanger is reproduced by means of regenerate brine, it is characterized in that, show from the recycled water supply calculating remaining range of measurement and with its user at least to household electrical appliance.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described remaining range is shown after postponing.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods, it is characterized in that described remaining range is calculated by the original water hardness of setting or measure.
11. to 10 arbitrary described methods, it is characterized in that described regenerant salt supply and predetermined threshold value contrast according to Claim 8.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described remaining range is shown when described supply is lower than described threshold value.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007041312.4 | 2007-08-31 | ||
| DE102007041312A DE102007041312B4 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | Water-conducting household appliance with a water softening device |
| PCT/EP2008/061028 WO2009027343A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-22 | Water-conducting household appliance comprising a water softening device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101808563A true CN101808563A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
| CN101808563B CN101808563B (en) | 2013-07-17 |
Family
ID=39874908
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008801091570A Active CN101808563B (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-22 | Water-loading household appliance comprising a water softening device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101808563B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102007041312B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009027343A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104688154A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-10 | 美的集团股份有限公司 | Dish washing machine and water softener device used for same |
| CN105142485A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-12-09 | 毕勤股份有限公司 | System for supplying and treating water for a dishwasher |
| CN105338873A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2016-02-17 | 毕勤股份有限公司 | System for supplying and treating water for a washing machine, in particular a dishwasher |
| CN105847434A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-10 | 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 | Control system and control method for household appliance using water |
| CN106149282A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-11-23 | 青岛海尔洗碗机有限公司 | Control method that a kind of washing adjuvant state shows and household electrical appliance |
| CN108478139A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-04 | 佛山市顺德区海伦宝电器有限公司 | On a kind of dish-washing machine plus double waterway structures of salt |
| CN108557954A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-21 | 杭州洁浦科技有限责任公司 | The control method of water tank cleaner |
| CN109796062A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-05-24 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | The control method and device of water softening system in a kind of washing machine |
| CN111977745A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Water softener |
| CN111977746A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Water softener |
| CN114702103A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-05 | 福建海龙王环保设备有限公司 | Ion exchanger optimized traditional salt, acid and alkali metering box process |
| WO2023024813A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-02 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control method, apparatus and device for household appliance |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009045657A1 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-21 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | dishwasher |
| PL2579763T3 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2014-09-30 | Arcelik As | A washing machine comprising a water softening device |
| IT201900007668A1 (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-11-30 | Rg Italia Production S R L | MINI WATER SOFTENER DEVICE FOR WASHING MACHINES |
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| GB1480698A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1977-07-20 | Licentia Gmbh | Salt consumption indication apparatus |
| US4275448A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1981-06-23 | Permo | Electronic means for controlling the regeneration of resins in a resin type ion exchange device |
| DE3410651C3 (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1994-07-14 | Bauknecht Hausgeraete | Salt container with a closable fill opening and a float in a cage as a display device |
| DE3911862A1 (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-10-18 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | LEVEL MONITORING DEVICE |
| IT1279191B1 (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-04 | Merloni Elettrodomestici Spa | ARRANGEMENT FOR REGENERATION OF WATER SOFTENING RESINS IN A WASHING MACHINE |
| US6456202B2 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2002-09-24 | Ecowater Systems, Inc. | System for monitoring the status of a water softener |
| NZ518288A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2004-09-24 | Fisher & Paykel Appliances Ltd | Washing appliance water softner |
-
2007
- 2007-08-31 DE DE102007041312A patent/DE102007041312B4/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-08-22 CN CN2008801091570A patent/CN101808563B/en active Active
- 2008-08-22 WO PCT/EP2008/061028 patent/WO2009027343A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105142485A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-12-09 | 毕勤股份有限公司 | System for supplying and treating water for a dishwasher |
| CN105338873A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2016-02-17 | 毕勤股份有限公司 | System for supplying and treating water for a washing machine, in particular a dishwasher |
| CN104688154B (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2018-06-12 | 美的集团股份有限公司 | Dish-washing machine and the water softener device for dish-washing machine |
| CN104688154A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-10 | 美的集团股份有限公司 | Dish washing machine and water softener device used for same |
| CN106149282A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-11-23 | 青岛海尔洗碗机有限公司 | Control method that a kind of washing adjuvant state shows and household electrical appliance |
| CN105847434B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-10-01 | 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 | With the control system and control method of the household electrical appliance of water |
| CN105847434A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-10 | 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 | Control system and control method for household appliance using water |
| CN108478139A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-04 | 佛山市顺德区海伦宝电器有限公司 | On a kind of dish-washing machine plus double waterway structures of salt |
| CN108557954A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-21 | 杭州洁浦科技有限责任公司 | The control method of water tank cleaner |
| CN109796062A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-05-24 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | The control method and device of water softening system in a kind of washing machine |
| CN109796062B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-09-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method and device for water softening system in washing machine |
| CN111977745A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Water softener |
| CN111977746A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Water softener |
| CN111977745B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2022-06-14 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Water softener |
| WO2023024813A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-02 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control method, apparatus and device for household appliance |
| CN114702103A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-05 | 福建海龙王环保设备有限公司 | Ion exchanger optimized traditional salt, acid and alkali metering box process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007041312B4 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| WO2009027343A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
| CN101808563B (en) | 2013-07-17 |
| DE102007041312A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
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