CN101802391A - 风向标的制造方法 - Google Patents

风向标的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101802391A
CN101802391A CN200880108021A CN200880108021A CN101802391A CN 101802391 A CN101802391 A CN 101802391A CN 200880108021 A CN200880108021 A CN 200880108021A CN 200880108021 A CN200880108021 A CN 200880108021A CN 101802391 A CN101802391 A CN 101802391A
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resin
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弗朗西斯科哈维尔·加西亚卡斯特罗
胡安何塞·曼索加西亚
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种风向标的制造方法，所述方法包括：通过数控机器形成单个泡沫芯材(2)，施加用树脂(4)预浸渍的加强层(3)，通过UV(紫外线)瞬时固化和热固化来作为这些层(3)的施加过程的一部分地使层(3)固化，还通过使用自动数控机器进行风向标表面的抛光，以及进行最后的涂漆。替代性地，芯材使用模具制成，其为单件或随后通过粘结剂结合在一起的两个壳(2a)和(2b)，芯材可为实心的，或至少在其根部为空心的，或由两个实心或减轻的壳形成，并且可包含像加固元件一样由复合材料制成的中心内部管(6)、以及在前缘和尾缘内的其他较小的管(7)。

Description

风向标的制造方法
发明对象
正如本申请的名称所表述的，本发明涉及一种风向标的制造方法。
更具体地，本发明提出的方法尤其被构思用于风向标的制造，这种风向标由适当地包覆有在合成树脂中浸渍的加强纤维的泡沫芯材形成，其简化了工艺、提高了部件性能的可靠性、改进了其机械特性、减小了其重量并降低了其经济成本。
应用领域
本发明的应用领域在专用于制造风结构(尤其是风向标)的行业内，还能包括例如航空业的其他行业，因为本发明涉及的制造方法还能够应用于具有类似的结构特点、用于不同用途的其他类型的风向标或螺旋桨。
背景技术
作为现有技术的参考，必须提到的是直到现在，风向标还是基于生产沉积纤维层和树脂的风向标背部和底部两个壳以及芯材和其他加固元件来制造，一旦由于树脂的聚合作用而固结，它们就通过粘结剂结合在一起，从而产生传统的风向标。
换言之，所有风向标现在通过以手工接触、浸入或以预浸处理分别形成两个壳而产生，两个壳随后结合在一起以得到部件的整体性，这除了必须承担的额外成本之外，还会导致实现其整体性以及其机械特性方面的困难。
本发明提出的方法创新地从单个泡沫芯材开始，其通过数控机器以绝对精度切割从而形成了风向标的骨架外形，接下来也是通过使用数控机器，施加用树脂预浸渍的加强层。
通过UV(紫外线)瞬时固化和热固化的结合，加强层的固化作为其施加过程的一部分而完成。
应进一步指出的是，申请人不知道存在通过其为所述缺点提供实际解决方案的任何其他的具有类似特征的风向标制造方法。
发明内容
因此本发明设计了一种风向标的制造方法，其从完全不同和创新的原理出发，由此其在应用领域中构造为有显著的新颖性的方法。
特别地，提出的方法从单个泡沫芯材开始，通过数控机器进行绝对精度的切割，构造成风向标的骨架外形。
接下来，还通过使用数控机器，施加用树脂预浸渍的加强层，使得它们形成了所述初始泡沫芯材的衬套或包覆层。
通过UV(紫外线)瞬时固化和热固化的结合，加强层的固化作为其施加过程的一部分来完成。
最后，还通过使用自动数控机器，进行风向标表面的端部抛光表面处理，并进行最后的涂漆。
应指出的是所述芯材将由膨胀材料或泡沫制成，其密度根据每种情况的需要在40到200kg/m3之间范围中变化，其特别是能够由聚氨酯、PVC、PET、聚苯乙烯或罗哈塞尔(Rohacell)制成，根据所用树脂的类型(聚酯、乙烯基酯或环氧树脂)、根据风向标的机械要求或根据所述泡沫的商业外观，即，由销售它们的公司给它们所分配以的板的大小，以及它们的密度，来选择最适合的材料，能够在一个且相同的芯材中结合若干不同类型的泡沫。
另外，重要的是指出所述过程工艺允许芯材的两个实施例变体：
a)为了形成其，用商用板开始，它们如所述的被数控机器切割，在这之后其必须利用适合浆状物在其表面上进行密封，所述浆状物必须被加工并随后抛光以继续接下来的包覆阶段。
b)或者在成型模具中产生和制造泡沫，此选择具有更多优点，因为省去了泡沫的机加工，省去了密封在机加工的泡沫中的打开气孔的必须操作，如及时抛光，且不产生机加工的剩余残留物，提高了清洁度并优化了成本。
对于第二种情况，聚氨酯泡沫(其每立方米的成本是非常有优势的)将优选地从其液体成分开始使用。然而应指出的是，即使形成具有相当大体积的泡沫铸件(如本文所涉及的)是常见的，但仍应对模具的加强进行研究，并且在这种情况下它们应优选地由金属板制成。
另一方面，本发明的方法设置成芯材可为整体的，即，风向标的任何部分形成单件，或者形成为两个壳，这两个壳随后通过粘结剂结合在一起，形成单个部分。
芯材还可以不是实心的，至少在其根部不是实心的，从而能够内部为空心的或由两个减轻的壳形成，由结构计算来限定这一点。
此外，如果计算使其有必要的话，芯材可容纳像加固元件一样由复合材料制成的中心内部管，以及在前缘和尾缘内的其他较小的管。
反过来，如前所述的以复合材料形成包覆层或衬套包括在芯材上施加一系列加强层，这些加强层一般由玻璃纤维制成，在之前用树脂浸渍，形成包覆层或衬套通过市场上现有的数控机器来进行。
即使所述浸渍能够直接在泡沫上完成，其将优选地在其他设施中单独地完成，因为这样更清洁，可以更高精度控制纤维/树脂比例，并得到了更好的环境。
树脂将优选地为UV/热固化类型，其有利地允许更快的固化(几秒钟)，能够得到相当大的厚度。可绝对保证使厚至3mm厚度的层在每次通过中顺序固化，能够使聚酯、乙烯基酯、环氧树脂、尿烷和丙烯酸树脂聚合。
最后，另一数控机器将最后衬套的外表层抛光，使风向标为所需涂漆或表面处理作好准备。
所述方法具有的优点在于允许风向标分成两个或三个纵向部分以便于其运输和处理。在这种情况下，将使用附接到之前所述的中心和侧部管的连接部件来完成切割部分的接合。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如主专利所述，风向标的制造方法包括从单个泡沫芯材开始，其通过数控机器的精确切割，构造成风向标的骨架外形。
接下来，施加形成所述原始泡沫芯材的衬套或包覆层的加强层。这些纤维层以作为特征的方式可以干的条件(若合适的话)沉积，通过自动机械或手动方式直接施加在有特定形状的泡沫上，使得它们形成所述衬套。
反过来，为了一般固化或热固化，所述衬套将通过浸入方法或通过注射用适当热定形树脂来浸渍，所述注入方法利用传统的材料和方法；所述注射为了该目的使用必需的、已在之前为这样的目的制造的外部封闭模具。
最后，如果需要的话，还将通过使用自动数控机器进行风向标表面的完工抛光表面处理，并将进行最后的涂漆。
因此，该风向标的制造方法具有出于这样的目的的、至今还未知的创新的结构和构成特征，并且，这些原因结合其实际益处，为其提供了足够的获得所请求的独有权益的理由。
附图说明
为了对所作描述进行补充并且为了有助于更好地理解本发明特征的目的，在本说明书中附上一组附图作为说明书的组成部分，其中以说明而非限制的性质示出了以下内容：
图1示出了通过本发明的方法对象制造的风向标的实施例的示意性剖视图，其中能够看见其包含的主要部件以及其构造和布置。
图2示出了通过本发明的方法制造的风向标的实施例变体的示意性剖视图，其具有由两个凹入壳制成的芯材，其中包含加固管。
图3示出了在利用浸入系统浸渍加强层的阶段中，通过本发明的方法制造的风向标的示意性剖视图。
图4示出了在利用注射系统浸渍加强层的阶段中，风向标的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
考虑到所述附图并根据所采用的附图标记，能看到本发明提出的风向标的制造方法是怎么样的，所述风向标(1)由包覆有用合成树脂(4)浸渍的加强纤维(3)的泡沫芯材(2)形成，该方法包括以下步骤：
-通过数控机器或通过成型模具形成单个泡沫芯材(2)，构造风向标(1)的骨架外形。
-还通过使用数控机器，施加加强层(3)，已在之前用树脂(4)对加强层(3)进行浸渍，这些层形成初始泡沫芯材(2)的衬套或包覆层。对于所述操作应提到的是，为了促进所述加强层(3)的压实可而应用真空袋。
-通过UV(紫外线)瞬时固化和热固化的结合，加强层(3)的固化作为其施加过程的一部分来完成。
-还通过使用自动数控机器，进行风向标表面的抛光，并进行最后的涂漆。
本发明的方法设置成芯材(2)能够由单个实心件形成，如图1的例子所示，或者替代性地，由两个壳(2a)和(2b)形成，这两个壳随后通过粘结剂结合在一起，形成单个部分。
同样，芯材可以不是实心的，至少在其根部不是实心的，其能够内部为空心的或由两个减轻的壳(2a)和(2b)形成，芯材能够在内部中空部(5)容纳像加固元件一样的由复合材料制成的中心管(6)以及在前缘和尾缘内的其他较小的管(图2)。
在本发明的第二实施例中，其包括以下步骤：
-通过数控机器或通过成型模具形成单个泡沫芯材(2)，构造风向标(1)的骨架外形。
-施加形成所述泡沫芯材(2)的衬套或包覆层的加强层(3)，其在干的条件下沉积，，通过自动机械或手动方式直接施加在有特定形状的泡沫(2)上。
-为了一般固化或热固化，通过浸入方法或通过注射用适当的热定形树脂(11)浸渍加强层(3)，所述浸入方法如图1可见，其利用传统的材料和方法，例如树脂进口管(12)、输送网(13)、充气器、树脂吸收器、外部封闭袋(14)和真空吸出管(8)；所述注射如图2可见，为了该目的使用必需的、在之前已为这样的目的制造的外部封闭模具(9)，其还具有树脂注射管(10)。
-如果需要，还通过使用自动数控机器，进行风向标表面的抛光，并进行最后的涂漆。
已经充分地描述了本发明的本质，以及将其付诸实践的方式，已经认为没有必要再进一步扩展其解释使得任何本领域技术人员可理解其范围和从其得到的优点，因此阐明与通过例子示出的实施例在细节上不同的其他实施例能够被执行以在其基本实质内加以实践，并且其在不替换、改变或修改其基本原理的情况下也将在获得的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种风向标的制造方法，这种风向标由包覆有用树脂浸渍的加强纤维的泡沫芯材(2)形成，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-通过数控机器形成单个泡沫芯材(2)，构造成所述风向标(1)的骨架外形；
-还通过使用数控机器，施加用树脂(4)预浸渍的若干加强层(3)，为了促进所述加强层(3)的压实的而应用真空袋，所述加强层(3)形成所述初始泡沫芯材(2)的衬套或包覆层；
-通过UV(紫外线)瞬时固化和热固化的结合，作为所述加强层(3)的施加过程的一部分来使所述加强层(3)固化；
-还通过使用自动数控机器进行所述风向标表面的抛光；
-进行最后的涂漆。
2.如权利要求1所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，所述芯材(2)替代性地通过成型模具制作。
3.如权利要求1和2所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，所述芯材(2)由单件形成，或替代性地由两个壳(2a)和(2b)形成，所述两个壳随后通过粘结剂结合在一起，形成单个部分。
4.如权利要求1至3中所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，所述芯材可为实心的，或至少在其根部内部为空心的，或由两个实心或减轻的壳形成。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，在具有中空部(5)的情况中，所述芯材(2)能容纳像加固元件一样的复合材料的中心内部管(6)、以及在前缘和尾缘内的其他较小的管(7)。
6.如权利要求1至5所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，成形所述芯材(2)的泡沫具有适当的在40到200kg/m3之间的可变密度，其优选地为合成的，特别是能够由聚氨酯、PVC、PET、聚苯乙烯或罗哈塞尔制成，并且为了其在成型模具中形成，其由聚氨酯从其液体成分开始制成。
7.如权利要求1至5所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，所述加强层(3)优选地由玻璃纤维制成，其中浸渍所述玻璃纤维所用的树脂能够为聚酯、乙烯基酯、环氧树脂、尿烷和丙烯酸树脂。
8.如权利要求1所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，在施加形成所述泡沫芯材(2)的衬套或包覆层的所述加强层(3)的所述步骤中，这样的层在干的条件下沉积，通过自动机械或手动方式直接施加在所述有特定形状的泡沫(2)上；随后的步骤是用树脂(11)浸渍所述加强层(3)。
9.如权利要求1和8所述的风向标的制造方法，其特征在于，通过一般或热方法，以浸入方法或注射来进行固化树脂(11)的所述步骤，所述注入方法利用传统的材料和方法，例如树脂进口管(12)、输送网(13)、充气器、树脂吸收器、外部封闭袋(14)和真空吸出管(8)；所述注射为了该目的使用必需的、已为这样的目的制造的外部封闭模具(9)，还具有树脂注射管(10)。
CN200880108021A 2007-07-17 2008-07-16 风向标的制造方法 Pending CN101802391A (zh)

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ES200702636A ES2319154B1 (es) 2007-07-17 2007-10-08 Perfeccionamientos introducidos en el objeto de la patente numero p200701994 relativa a un procedimiento para la fabricacion de palas eolicas.
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