CN1018004B - Knitted fabric having improved electrical charge dissipation and absorption properties - Google Patents
Knitted fabric having improved electrical charge dissipation and absorption propertiesInfo
- Publication number
- CN1018004B CN1018004B CN 88101756 CN88101756A CN1018004B CN 1018004 B CN1018004 B CN 1018004B CN 88101756 CN88101756 CN 88101756 CN 88101756 A CN88101756 A CN 88101756A CN 1018004 B CN1018004 B CN 1018004B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- conductive
- yarn
- braided fabric
- braided
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
Abstract
A knitted fabric having improved electrical charge dissipation, absorption, stain resistance, anti-pilling and linting and tensile strength properties, constructed so as to form a conductive matrix capable of discharging an electrical charge along any direction of the course and wale of the fabric.
Description
This is the U.S. on the 12nd patent application No.940 December in 1986,864 continuation part.
When habited people's trick is moved and when his or she walking on nonconducting floor the time, will the static electricity gathered electric charge on its clothes.If what worn is betweeners, as knitwear and sportswear etc., this electrostatic charge of being assembled will have problems, and it can make adjacent clothes be close together.This being close to can make habited people feel under the weather, and can be subjected to offending electric shock simultaneously.When habited people does not allow or have in the dangerous environment to work in any electrostatic charge, so this electric charge also will cause very big problem.Therefore, be necessary to take measures to control the electrostatic charge that accumulates in the fabric, the used fabric of clothes that particularly is used for manufacturing those professionals' dresses more will try every possible means to solve, because the local electrostatic charge of the people worked the local or thing taken of wearing these clothes is dangerous or can damage thing to the people, such as in hospital environment, the there has explosion hazard gases, and patient's is comfortable very serious, or in " clean room ", manufacture the microcircuit of electric sensitivity there.
In addition, some environment especially in the very important hospital of the problem that the control electrostatic charge is assembled, needs to use a kind of fabric with multiple function and purposes, particularly comprises towel and so on.Except the control electrostatic charge, all be important characteristic the good water absorption, the fabric that anti-dirty ability and tensile strength and ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing etc. used in hospital.Use fabric of the present invention in other environment, advantage also is tangible.
The fiber that utilization can be conducted electricity (for example metal fibre, the fiber that is coated with conductive material or metal layered fibre) and general natural and artificial fibre mix the textiles, the braided fabric that are woven into, knot, the fabric of wire harness or other structures, can eliminate electrostatic charge, this is as you know.
In U.S. Patent No. 3,823, Saunders (Sanders) has been announced a kind of conduction textile fabric in 035, has to get very thin conductive material and be covered with equably on the fibre-forming polymer substrate.The method that Saunders (Sanders) proposes is with the fiber and general natural fabric of these conductions, interweaves as cotton or wool, and its consumption is enough to make fabric to have every centimetre 10
9The resistance of ohm.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,312, in 913, Lei Yamu (Rheaume) has delivered a kind of heat conduction braided fiber, and it is made up of some weaving thread packed layers, and every single line comprises some metal fibres or a certain amount of metal heat-conducting material of coating.Be to be woven into the oblique angle decorative pattern in the patent of Lei Yamu (Rheaume), and this oblique angle decorative pattern is in the stretching, extension up and down of which floor interstitial wire layer by the interstitial wire layer.
Equally, in U.S. Patent No. 4,296, in 855, Blalock (Blalock) also proposes a kind of weave pattern of filling tender warp thread, is distributed with the carbon granules of conduction in the electrically non-conductive material, and warp thread and interstitial wire are woven into reticulated.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,422, in 483, the conductive yarn that this (Zins) of Tianjin proposes to constitute a kind of sub-thread with many long filaments that are parallel to each other is used for braided fabric.Long filament in the patent of Zins is indeformable continuous non-conductive long filament or warp thread, the braided fabric that they constitute a kind of conduction with the long filament or the interstitial wire of conduction.
At Saunders (Sanders), Lei Yamu (Rheaume) does not announce the braided fabric that conducts electricity in the patent of Blalock (Blalock) or Tianjin this (Zins).And U.S. Patent No. 4,443,515 and another part No.4,484, in 926, Atlas proposes a kind of conductive fiber of being made up of the man-made polymer, and it can add in the braided fabric, but does not announce in these specifications that this conductive fiber can add in the braided fabric economically so that can eliminate electrostatic charge in the line direction and the stringer direction of fabric.In addition, these patents are not mentioned some other special factor yet, comprise absorptive improvement, anti-dirty ability, and tensile strength and ANTIPILLING and anti-these performances of fluffing, and all be extraordinary in these areas in this patent.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,398, in 277, Christiansen people such as (Christiansen) has proposed a kind of being woven together by insulative yarn and conductive yarn really and has formed two-layer fabric.Patent according to Christiansen people such as (Christiansen), insulative yarn all forms a series of interlock coil at the front and back of fiber, constitute a kind of Te Likete tricot (tricot), conductive yarn then only forms some chain-type stitchs in the front.Christiansen people such as (Christiansen) proposes, and after these fibrages become two-layer fabrics, will have one side (being the front of fabric) to have relatively poor electric conductivity.Therefore, this fabric only the stringer direction on the front have the characteristic of eliminating electric charge.
Try hard to develop a kind of fabric in the past, it can be produced economically, and needed conductive fiber amount is smaller, but can all have electric conductivity along line direction and stringer direction at the front and back of this two-layer braided fabric.A kind of braided fabric is arranged, and conductive yarn and non-conductive yarn are woven together mutually with argyle design, and such fabric all has electric conductivity at front and back along line direction and stringer direction.
But, this Argyle structure has some shortcomings.This fabric need simultaneously weave conductive yarn along line direction and stringer direction, forming the zigzag decorative pattern of a kind of being called " SATIN AND SATEEN CLOTH ", just formed argyle design after it and adjacent same decorative pattern combine.The rhombus braid method that this yarn moves in level and vertical direction simultaneously needs to use the special machine of manufacturing as Argyle that has two independent sley bars at least.In addition, it is quite big to weave the needed conductive yarn amount of this Argyle, and this is a very big shortcoming, because generally than non-conductive yarn expensive about 36 times of conductive yarns.In addition, the diamond structure of this conduction also has a big shortcoming, and that is exactly that it can only weave with the warp thread knitting machine of more complicated, and that is to say will be with the knitting machine with two or more sley bars.
So just be necessary to find out the cheap fabric that weaves easily again of a kind of price comparison, it can eliminate electrostatic charge rapidly and effectively.In addition, need a kind of braided fabric, it can be at its front and back, all has the ability of eliminating electrostatic charge along the line direction and the stringer direction of fabric.Moreover, also be necessary to invent a kind of anlistatig fabric, it can weave with common knitting machine, that is to say machine complexity do not resemble at present industrial be used for the desired machine of Double Diamond pattern fabric high.
In addition, for some this class environment of environment, particularly hospital that needs strict control electrostatic charge, require with a kind of fabric that comprises multiple function of having of towel and purposes.Except the control electrostatic charge, good water absorption, anti-dirty ability, tensile strength height and ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing etc. all are important characteristic particularly including towel for the fabric that hospital uses.Under other environmental conditions, for the fabric of other shapes and type, it also is tangible adopting advantage of the present invention.
The invention relates to a kind of novel improved braided fabric, it has the electric charge ability of eliminating preferably, water imbibition, anti-dirty ability, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing, and has advantages of higher tensile strength.Specifically, the invention relates to a kind of braided fabric of manufacturing easily, it has nonconducting yarn in the stringer direction, and the fiber that adds conduction in non-conductive fabric forms pin foremast yarn and underlap, thereby form a suture texture that mixes, such as being a kind of follow-on " through suede pillar stitch " (Queen ' s Cord), this fabric has a kind of matrix of conduction, can electric charge be rapidly disappeared along any direction in line (course) and the stringer (wale).In addition, fabric of the present invention also has water imbibition, anti-dirty ability and advantages of higher tensile strength preferably, and can reduce balling-up and fluffing.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is exactly that a kind of braided fabric that especially comprises towel will be provided, and it has the ability of eliminating electrostatic charge preferably, and water imbibition resists dirty ability, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing and better tensile strength preferably.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of like this fabric, at its front and back, all has the ability of eliminating electric charge along the line direction of fabric fibre and stringer direction.
Another object of the present invention provide a kind ofly have the electric charge ability of eliminating preferably, good water absorption, anti-dirty ability is good, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing and the high braided fabric of tensile strength, the percentage of the conductive yarn that it is used is than the needed amount much less of those fabrics in the past.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of braided fabric of producing on common knitting machine, this knitting machine is mechanically manufactured the conductive fabric service machine than at present simple, that is to say, can be with the machine that has only a special-purpose sley bar.
Other purposes of the present invention and its advantage will be clear and definite one by one, will point out one by one subsequently.
According to the top purpose of saying, a kind of braided fabric has been proposed, particularly including towel, it has eliminates the electric charge ability preferably, good water absorption, anti-dirty ability is strong, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing, and tensile strength height, this fabric has nonconducting yarn in its stringer direction, combining in nonconducting fabric with the yarn of conduction forms pin foremast yarn (overlaps) and underlap (underlaps), so that obtain a kind of braided fabric of mixing, such as a kind of improved " through suede pillar stitch " (Queen ' s Cord).Like this, the adjacent conductive yarn is coupled, thereby the matrix of a conduction is provided, can eliminate electric charge along the line direction and any direction in the stringer direction of fabric, this fabric also has water imbibition preferably simultaneously, anti-dirty ability, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing, and tensile strength height.
Shown in Figure 1 is a woollen yarn knitting figure, is used for illustrating the weaving manner of conductive fabric of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents the enlarged drawing of conductive fabric shown in Figure 1.Can see among Fig. 2, the braid method of conductive yarn 1, it forms pin foremast yarn and underlap in line direction and the traveling of file direction in non-conductive fabric (not showing on the figure), so that form the sort of improved " through the suede pillar stitch " recommended.
See figures.1.and.2 and learn, above-mentioned this cable stitch can weave at the knitting machine that everybody was familiar with. Such as can be referring to " introduction of warp knit method " book the 1st, 3 joint, 27-42 page or leaf (the Karl Moyer E.V.1966 of West Germany employee federation) (below be called " weaving method "), this book entirely can be used as reference. Of the present invention one big advantage is that used knitting machine only has a special-purpose sley bar, and it can with non-conductive yarn and conductive yarn 1 weave in, weave into various needed floral designs.
As shown in Figure 2, electric charge can be eliminated along line direction and stringer direction, also improved simultaneously water imbibition, anti-dirty ability, anti pilling and anti-fluffing ability and tensile strength, these performances all are by adopting line direction and stringer direction at non-conductive fabric to be guaranteed with the way that conductive yarn forms underlap and/or overlap. Conductive yarn 1 is connected with adjacent this of non-conductive yarn, has obtained a kind of fabric construction of combination, such as being a kind of improved " through suede pillar stitch ". It can have conduction along line direction and stringer direction Ability, and when being woven into two-layer fabrics, the front and back of fabric all has electric conductivity. The difference of this modified " through suede pillar stitch " and the fabric of general pattern is conductive yarn or along the line direction of fabric, perhaps along the stringer direction of fabric, and not as Argyle recited above, conductive yarn is the diagonal along line or stringer. The 104th page of " weaving method " book, introduced " through suede pillar stitch " on Figure 155, it and preferred embodiment of the present invention have formed contrast. An important feature of the present invention is, conductive yarn 1 is in non-conductive yarn, formed underlap and/or overlap along line direction and stringer direction, the degree that reaches is that the conductive base physical efficiency that forms therein makes the path of the arbitrary number of electric charge on fabric face and the back side dispose in line or file direction.
Another important feature of the present invention is this combined fabric construction, and " through suede pillar stitch " has water absorbing properties such as this modified. In addition, fabric of the present invention has also showed preferably anti-dirty ability and tensile strength, and is simultaneously also relatively good at anti pilling and anti-fluffing direction.
In another embodiment, the fabric that weaves according to method of the present invention can be used as anlistatig wall cover, and this fabric is that conductive yarn is embedded between the overlap and underlap of non-conductive fabric, and this is from envers.
Choose any one kind of them in the conductive yarn of various types that conductive yarn 1 can be from the market, discuss in front considered when earlier knitting skill being arranged wherein several. These conductive yarns can be one-ply yarns, also can twist together with other yarns, if need bigger fibre strength or performance.
Embodiment 1
An embodiment as the braided fabric of conduction of the present invention and suction is a kind of towel, its method for production is as follows: penetrate 150 dawn (denier) distortion terylene thread in the following sley bar (bottom bar) of one 84 inches Mayer KC3 types, three sley bars, 20 pin Te Likete (tricot) warp knitting machines, and weave (having omitted the free pulley coil that each line has 3 coils in this embodiment) by 45-10.Penetrate 1 warp thread to every empty 6 pins of the middle sley bar of knitting machine, 2 warp thread of 70 dawn distortion terylene thread and BASF conduction nylon wire are stranded, and weave according to following order.
1-0，1-0，0-1，1-0，0-1，1-0，0-1，1-0，7-8，7-8，8-7，7-8，8-7，7-8，8-7，7-8。
The warp let-off (intermediate let-off) in the middle of being undertaken once to the middle sley bar of knitting machine by 1.21 warp let-off ratio, its chain sequence is as follows:
0-0-0，6（4-4-4），0-0-0，0-0-0，6（4-4-4），0-0-0。
Penetrate 6 warp thread and sky is worn 1 warp thread to the last sley bar of knitting machine, weave by 10-01 with 150 dawn distortion terylene thread.Bian Zhi fabric is through jet dyeing like this, and constitutes 72 inches wide, is divided into 4 18 inches strap.Used roller (runner) length of this fabric is respectively:
Last sley bar: each traversing (rack) 80 inches
Middle sley bar: each traversing 96 inches
Following sley bar: each traversing 148 inches
Quality examination is sampled as each traversing 17 inches.Concerning 84 inches breadths, total inch number of each sley bar is as follows:
Last sley bar: 2,280 warp thread
Middle sley bar: 480 warp thread
Following sley bar: 3,360 warp thread
Braided fabric is cut into the towel shape, it is of a size of 18 " * 33 " inch, the edge of towel all passes through processing, therefore under the situation that normal dress is pullled, can not scatter, such as the edge being made pearl ball folded edge and being made little flange, also can make flat serge edge, perhaps adopt other ways commonly used.Then the bight of towel is cut flat and sewed.
The characteristic of the elimination electric charge of the braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to method of the present invention will be through overtesting, and carries out this test according to the mode among the embodiment 2.
The water absorbing properties of the braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to method of the present invention also will be tested, and carries out this test according to the mode among the embodiment 3.
The ANTIPILLING of the braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to method of the present invention and anti-fluffing characteristic also will be through overtestings, and carry out this test according to the mode among the embodiment 4.
The anti-dirty ability of the braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to method of the present invention also will be tested through overtesting and according to the mode among the embodiment 5.
In addition, the tensile strength of the braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to method of the present invention will be through overtesting, and tests according to the mode among the embodiment 6.
Antistatic and the spongy braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to the embodiment of the invention 1 will be taken a sample and be tested its active surface resistivity and charge decay time, and test method is the method for being recommended according to NFPA (NFPA) standard 99.This test is carried out under the condition of relative humidity 50% 23 ℃ of temperature.The resistance that braided fabric is measured in machine direction is 6 * 10
5About ohm/cm, and be 2 * 10 in orientation measurement perpendicular to machine
6Ohm/cm.Charge decay time all is less than 0.01 second widely at both direction.So this fabric meets the resistance and the die-away time of NFPA (NFPA) standard 99 defineds fully.
Embodiment 3
Antistatic and the spongy braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to the embodiment of the invention 1 will be taken a sample and be tested its water absorbing properties, and test method is to make NAB National Association 0f Broadcasters (AATCC) method that standard 79-1986 recommended according to U.S. textile chemistry and dyer.Test procedure comprises, carries out the reversing wheel flushing under 57 ℃ of temperature, then carries out roller drying, steams pressure 15 minutes under 121 ℃ of temperature, 15 pounds of pressure.Through after 1 time, 10 times and 50 flushing cycles, show the instant water absorption of a braided fabric.Therefore, the water absorbing properties of fabric satisfies the regulation of AATCC79-1986 fully.Measurement with regard to being that this water absorbing capacity is the structure from fabric, is that structure possesses in the importance of 50 later instant water absorptions of flushing, rather than any factor that is applied to the special treatment on the fabric.In addition, will point out also that this polyester fabric not only has anti-dirty ability, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing ability, tensile strength is good, its hydrophobicity also is well-known.
Embodiment 4
Antistatic and the spongy braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to the embodiment of the invention 1 will be taken a sample and be carried out the test of balling-up and fluffing.Through 1 time, after 10 times and 50 flushings, with the naked eye check braided fabric, tangible balling-up and fluffiness must not be arranged.
Embodiment 5
Antistatic and the spongy braided fabric towel of manufacturing according to the embodiment of the invention 1 will be taken a sample, and to resist the test of dirty ability, test method be independently to test the method that company is recommended according to one.Test procedure comprises: will wash 1 time, 10 times and 50 times from the sample that fabric is got earlier, then with blood, the tincture of iodine and operating colloid fabric is made dirty.With a flushing immediately of each sample, another sample then former state kept 24 hours, had spent 24 hours and had washed later on again.At last, the foul (if any) that left behind is estimated, can be ignored or do not make dirty and check from seriously being soiled to.After the test, in fact each sample is not that a little is made dirty, can ignore, and be exactly not make dirty.
Embodiment 6
Antistatic and the spongy braided fabric of manufacturing according to the embodiment of the invention 1 will be taken a sample and be carried out tensile strength (fracture and tearing strength) test, and test method is the method for being recommended according to (ASTM) D-1682 of American Society for Tests and Materials and ASTM D-2661 standard.Test is carried out under 7 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 65% condition.According to the test of the clamp method among ASTM D-1682 fracture strength, its result is as follows: in the stringer direction is 122.6 pounds, is 202.4 pounds in the line direction.According to the slip feather method among the ASTM D-2661 (tongue tear method) test tearing strength, its result is as follows: at length direction is 9.0 pounds, and is 14.4 pounds at width.Thus, this fabric can satisfy the fracture strength and the tearing strength of defined among ASTM D-1682 and the ASTM D-2661 fully.
Should think that the electric charge of the elimination preferably ability that volume thing of the present invention had, water imbibition, anti-dirty ability, ANTIPILLING and anti-fluffing and good these characteristics of tensile strength interact and obtain resultant effect of the present invention.
It should further be appreciated that the present invention is limited on top the content of narrating and representing, these only are as preferred forms of the present invention.The present invention also is included in all improved forms in the claim scope.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of have eliminate electric charge ability and absorptive braided fabric towel preferably, it is characterized in that above-mentioned the braiding by nonconducting yarn and conductive yarn forms, these conductive yarns and non-conductive yarn all form underlap (underlaps) and pin foremast yarn (o υ erlaps) in line direction and stringer direction, conductive yarn all parallels with perpendicular with fabric stringer direction basically, thereby form the matrix of a conduction, in fact it can eliminate electric charge along line direction and stringer direction at the obverse and reverse of fabric technology.
2, according to the braided fabric described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned conductive fiber chooses from following these materials: be covered with the nylon of carbon granules, fiber surface is surrounded by the fibre-forming polymer base fabric and the graphite fibre of tiny conductive particle.
3,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned conductive fiber is to be twisted together by two or many conductive yarns according to the braided fabric described in the claim 1.
4,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned conductive fiber is to be twisted together by a conductive yarn and a non-conductive yarn according to the braided fabric described in the claim 1.
5,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned conductive yarn is embedded between the pin foremast yarn and underlap of non-conductive braided fiber (from the braided fabric back side) according to the braided fabric described in the claim 1.
6, a kind of have eliminate electric charge ability and absorptive braided fabric preferably, it is characterized in that above-mentioned braided fabric is a kind of follow-on " through suede pillar stitch " (fabric of Queen ' cord), be in the following sley bar of one 84 inches Mayer KC3 types, three sley bars, 20 pin Te Likete (tricot) warp knitting machines, to penetrate 150 dawn (denier) distortion terylene thread and weave by 45-10, penetrate 1 warp thread to every empty 6 pins of the middle sley bar of knitting machine, 2 warp thread of 70 dawn distortion terylene thread and BASF conduction nylon wire are stranded, and weave according to following order:
1-0，1-0，0-1，1-0，0-1，1-0，0-1，1-0，7-8，7-8，8-7，7-8，8-7，7-8，8-7，7-8。
The warp let-off (intermediate let-off) in the middle of being undertaken once to the middle sley bar of knitting machine by 1,21 warp let-off ratio, its chain sequence is as follows:
0-0-0，6（4-4-4），0-0-0，0-0-0，6（4-4-4），0-0-0。
Penetrate 6 warp thread and sky is worn 1 warp thread to the last sley bar of knitting machine, weave by 10-01 with 150 dawn distortion terylene thread.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US132,122 | 1987-12-14 | ||
| US07/132,122 US4856299A (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-14 | Knitted fabric having improved electrical charge dissipation and absorption properties |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1033531A CN1033531A (en) | 1989-06-28 |
| CN1018004B true CN1018004B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
Family
ID=22452582
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88101756 Expired CN1018004B (en) | 1987-12-14 | 1988-03-30 | Knitted fabric having improved electrical charge dissipation and absorption properties |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1018004B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1296196C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108824013A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-16 | 晟合新材料科技（嘉善）有限公司 | Bidirectional elastic terylene uniform lining and its production technology |
| CN109778417B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-10-26 | 海安启弘纺织科技有限公司 | Preparation method of functional cotton-like antistatic water-absorbing warp-knitted velvet fabric and product thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-02-05 CA CA000558246A patent/CA1296196C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-30 CN CN 88101756 patent/CN1018004B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1296196C (en) | 1992-02-25 |
| CN1033531A (en) | 1989-06-28 |
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