CN101800414B - 变压器短路故障中判别低电压及其保护方法 - Google Patents

变压器短路故障中判别低电压及其保护方法 Download PDF

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CN101800414B
CN101800414B CN 201010130328 CN201010130328A CN101800414B CN 101800414 B CN101800414 B CN 101800414B CN 201010130328 CN201010130328 CN 201010130328 CN 201010130328 A CN201010130328 A CN 201010130328A CN 101800414 B CN101800414 B CN 101800414B
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CN101800414A (zh
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李瑞生
姚晴林
刘志远
李波
樊占峰
刘星
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
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Xuji Group Co Ltd
XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及变压器短路故障判别低电压及其保护方法,包括以下步骤:(1)保护装置测量接线变压器其中一侧的相电压;(2)保护装置计算出步骤(1)中一侧两两电压之间线电压的模值;(3)将步骤(2)中所述一侧相电压的模值和线电压的模值分别与整定值进行比较构成低电压判据,各低电压判据组成“或”门输出;本发明的方法实施后,变压器各侧相间短路及中性点接地系统单相接地时,测量电压中必有一个为零,可令整定值取低值,仍能保证短路时低电压启动判据有高的动作灵敏度,又能提高正常运行时不误动的可靠性;低的电压整定值能使过电流判据的电流整定值取低值,提高过流判据的动作灵敏度;本发明所需保护的通道少,硬件简单。

Description

变压器短路故障中判别低电压及其保护方法
技术领域
本发明涉及变压器短路故障中判别低电压及其保护方法,属于电力系统继电保护领域。
背景技术
当前电力系统 
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
接线的双绕组变压器及                                               
Figure 522335DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 252525DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 32262DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 489788DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
接线的三绕组变压器的低电压启动过电流保护中低电压启动方案共有三种:(1)高压侧线电压的单侧低电压启动方案;(2)高压侧相电压的单侧低电压启动方案;(3)高压侧线电压及低压侧线电压组成“或”门输出的两侧(三侧)联合低电压启动方案。当侧或△侧发生两相短路时,虽然传统方案的灵敏度很高,但
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014A
侧为中性点接地系统时发生单相接地短路,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AA
侧及△侧的各种线电压都高,传统方案的灵敏度很低甚至拒动,而且两侧或三侧线电压的联合低压启动传统方案需要保护的通道多,硬件复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种灵敏度高、硬件简单、不误动的可靠性高的变压器短路故障中判别低电压及其保护方法。
 本发明变压器短路故障中判别低电压方法包括以下步骤:
(1)保护装置测量接线变压器其中一侧的相电压;
(2)保护装置计算出步骤(1)中一侧两两电压之间线电压的模值;
(3)将步骤(2)中所述一侧相电压的模值和线电压的模值分别与整定值进行比较构成低电压判据,各低电压判据组成“或”门输出。
所述步骤(1)中保护装置测量接线变压器Y侧三相的相电压
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
,所述步骤(2)中保护装置计算出Y侧线电压的模值:
Figure 999060DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 266093DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
 所述步骤(3)中将
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
六个低电压启动低电压判据组成“或”门输出。
所述各低电压判据分别为
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
,其中
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
为整定值。
  本发明的变压器故障中判别低电压保护方法包括以下步骤:
(1)保护装置测量接线变压器其中一侧的相电压;
(2)保护装置计算出步骤(1)中一侧两两电压之间线电压的模值;
(3)将步骤(2)中所述一侧相电压的模值和线电压的模值分别与整定值进行比较构成低电压判据,各低电压判据组成“或”门输出;
(4)启动低电压判据“或”门输出再与过流判据组成“与”门延时出口跳开断路器。
所述步骤(1)中保护装置测量
Figure 91092DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
接线变压器Y侧三相的相电压
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE018A
,所述步骤(2)中保护装置计算出Y侧线电压的模值:
Figure 563454DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE024A
 所述步骤(3)中将
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE026A
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE028A
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE032A
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE034A
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE036A
六个低电压启动低电压判据组成“或”门输出。
所述各低电压判据分别为
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE038A
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE042A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048A
,其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050A
为整定值。
本发明变压器短路故障中判别低电压的方法实施后,变压器各侧相间短路及中性点接地系统单相接地时,测量电压中必有一个为零,它远小于整定值,所以可以令低电压启动判据的整定值取低值,这仍能保证短路时低电压启动判据有高的动作灵敏度,又能提高正常运行时不误动的可靠性;而且电压整定值取低值,能使过电流判据的电流整定值取低值,使过流判据的动作灵敏度提高;本发明所需保护的通道少,硬件简单。
本发明的变压器短路故障中判别低电压保护方法实施后,不仅能保证短路时低电压启动判据有高的动作灵敏度、提高正常运行时不误动的可靠性,整定值取值低,从而能使过电流判据的电流整定值取低值,使过流判据的动作灵敏度提高,而且六个低电压启动判据“或”门输出再与过流判据组成“与”门延时出口跳开断路器,从而实现变压器的低电压启动或符合电压启动过流保护。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
变压器低电压启动判据逻辑框图;
图2是本发明实施例二
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051A
变压器低电压保护逻辑框图。
具体实施方式
本发明的变压器短路故障中判别低电压及其保护方法可应用于 电力系统
Figure 943882DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
接线的双绕组变压器及
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
接线的三绕组变压器。以下实施例一和实施例二均以
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
双绕组变压器为例来说明本发明的方法。
 实施例一:
变压器短路故障中判别低电压方法的步骤如下:
   (1)保护装置测量
Figure 76715DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
接线变压器的高压侧(Y侧)三相的相电压
Figure 568877DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
    (2)保护装置计算出Y侧线电压的模值:
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
Figure 623551DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,Y侧相电压的模值:
Figure 898675DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
=|
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
|、
Figure 604463DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
=|
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
|、
Figure 752679DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
=|
Figure 481600DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
|;
    (3)将
Figure 560415DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Figure 892356DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 656044DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 891033DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
六个低电压启动判据
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE040AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048AA
,其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050AA
为整定值,然后组成“或”门输出,当这六个低电压中任一电压小于整定值
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050AAA
而满足判据,则输出电平“1”,如图1所示。
变压器
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
(AB两相短路)时,故障点
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
(BC两相短路)时,
Figure 894685DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
(CA两相短路)时,
Figure 377619DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
;因为必有一个线电压为零,低压启动灵敏度很高。
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
变压器△侧出口
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE077A
(AB两相短路)时,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAA
Figure 663238DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
;△侧
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE081A
(BC两相短路)时,
Figure 839004DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
;△侧
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085A
(CA两相短路)时,
Figure 574354DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
;因为必有一个相电压为零,故低压启动灵敏度很高。
变压器任一侧出口三相短路时,图1中六个电压
Figure 860979DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Figure 922476DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Figure 19876DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 432403DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 460402DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
都为零,故低压启动灵敏度很高。
变压器
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAA
侧为中性点接地系统,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAA
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
(A相单相接地短路),故障点
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Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAA
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
(B相单相接地短路)时,
Figure 669163DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
(C相单相接地短路)时,;因为必有一个相电压为零,故低电压启动灵敏度很高。
Figure 349992DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
变压器若采用两侧或三侧线电压的联合低压启动传统方案,当
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAA
侧或△侧发生两相短路时,虽然传统方案的灵敏度与本发明的灵敏度同样很高。但传统方案有两个缺点:(1)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAA
侧为中性点接地系统时发生单相接地短路,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAA
侧及△侧的各种线电压都高,传统方案的灵敏度很低甚至拒动,而本发明方法的动作灵敏度仍很高。(2)两侧或三侧线电压的联合低压启动传统方案需要保护的通道多,硬件复杂,而本发明所需保护通道少,仅为
Figure 606440DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
,由保护软件自动计算产生
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Figure 363360DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 316273DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
,硬件简单。
再者,在变压器各侧相间短路及中性点接地系统单相接地时,本发明方法保护的六个测量电压中必有一个为零,所以可以令低电压启动判据的整定值
Figure 113327DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
取低值,
Figure 535213DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
,这仍能保证短路时低电压启动判据有高的动作灵敏度,又能提高正常运行时不误动的可靠性,测量电压为线电压时
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
为额定线电压,测量电压为相电压时
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE111A
为额定相电压。
实施例二:
    变压器短路故障中判别低电压保护方法的步骤如下:    
    (1)保护装置测量
Figure 771022DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
接线变压器的高压侧(Y侧)三相的相电压
Figure 781703DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
    (2)保护装置计算出Y侧线电压的模值:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE061A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE062A
Figure 562708DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,Y侧相电压的模值:
Figure 658840DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
=|
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE066A
|、
Figure 432761DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
=|
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE069A
|、
Figure 110999DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
=|
Figure 249856DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
|;
    (3)将
Figure 833284DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Figure 145317DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Figure 130590DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 250468DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 321193DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 374599DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
六个低电压启动判据
Figure 2010101303287100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE038AAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040AAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042AAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044AAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046AAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048AAA
,其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050AAAA
为整定值,然后组成“或”门输出,当这六个低电压中任一电压小于整定值
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050AAAAA
而满足判据,则输出电平“1”;
    (4)上述六个低电压启动判据“或”门输出再与过流判据组成“与”门延时出口跳开断路器,如图2所示,从而实现变压器的低电压启动或复合电压启动过流保护。
变压器
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE077AA
(AB两相短路)时,故障点
Figure 965112DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
(BC两相短路)时,
Figure 508088DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085AA
(CA两相短路)时,
Figure 613579DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
;因为必有一个线电压为零,低压启动灵敏度很高。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE088A
变压器△侧出口
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE077AAA
(AB两相短路)时,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
;△侧
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE081AAA
(BC两相短路)时,
Figure 37399DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
;△侧
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085AAA
(CA两相短路)时,;因为必有一个相电压为零,故低压启动灵敏度很高。
变压器任一侧出口三相短路时,图1中六个电压
Figure 191803DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Figure 740596DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 641687DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 908721DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 107621DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
都为零,故低压启动灵敏度很高。
变压器
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
侧为中性点接地系统,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE096A
(A相单相接地短路),故障点
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE098A
(B相单相接地短路)时,
Figure 707546DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE101A
(C相单相接地短路)时,
Figure 274925DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
;因为必有一个相电压为零,故低电压启动灵敏度很高。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE105A
变压器各侧相间短路及中性点接地系统单相接地时,本发明方法保护的六个测量电压中必有一个为零,所以可以令低电压启动判据的整定值
Figure 74254DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
取低值,,这仍能保证短路时低电压启动判据有高的动作灵敏度,又能提高正常运行时不误动的可靠性,测量电压为线电压时
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE111AA
为额定线电压,测量电压为相电压时
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE111AAA
为额定相电压。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
取值低,从而能使过电流判据的电流整定值
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
取低值,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
为变压器的额定电流),使过流判据的动作灵敏度提高。

Claims (8)

1.一种变压器短路故障中判别低电压方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)保护装置测量接线变压器其中一侧的相电压;
(2)保护装置计算出步骤(1)中一侧两两电压之间线电压的模值;
(3)将步骤(2)中所述一侧相电压的模值和线电压的模值分别与整定值进行比较构成低电压判据,各低电压判据组成“或”门输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变压器短路故障中判别低电压方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中保护装置测量Y/Δ-11接线变压器Y侧三相的相电压
Figure FDA00001261780400011
所述步骤(2)中保护装置计算出Y侧线电压的模值: U AB Y = | U · A Y - U · B Y | , U BC Y = | U · B Y - U · C Y | , U CA Y = | U · C Y - U · A Y | .
3.根据权利要求2所述的变压器短路故障中判别低电压方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中将
Figure FDA00001261780400013
六个低电压启动低电压判据组成“或”门输出。
4.根据权利要求3所述的变压器短路故障判别低电压方法,其特征在于:所述各低电压判据分别为
Figure FDA00001261780400015
U C Y < U set , U AB Y < U set , U BC Y < U set , U CA Y < U set , 其中Uset为整定值。
5.一种变压器故障中判别低电压保护方法,其特征在于:该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)保护装置测量接线变压器其中一侧的相电压;
(2)保护装置计算出步骤(1)中一侧两两电压之间线电压的模值;
(3)将步骤(2)中所述一侧相电压的模值和线电压的模值分别与整定值进行比较构成低电压判据,各低电压判据组成“或”门输出;
(4)启动低电压判据“或”门输出再与过流判据组成“与”门延时出口跳开断路器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变压器故障中判别低电压保护方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中保护装置测量Y/Δ-11接线变压器Y侧三相的相电压
Figure FDA00001261780400021
所述步骤(2)中保护装置计算出Y侧线电压的模值: U AB Y = | U &CenterDot; A Y - U &CenterDot; B Y | , U BC Y = | U &CenterDot; B Y - U &CenterDot; C Y | , U CA Y = | U &CenterDot; C Y - U &CenterDot; A Y | .
7.根据权利要求6所述的变压器故障中判别低电压保护方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中将
Figure FDA00001261780400023
Figure FDA00001261780400024
六个低电压启动低电压判据组成“或”门输出。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变压器故障中判别低电压保护方法,其特征在于:所述各低电压判据分别为
Figure FDA00001261780400025
U C Y < U set , U AB Y < U set , U BC Y < U set , U CA Y < U set , 其中Uset为整定值。
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