CN101794934A - Miniature patch antenna - Google Patents

Miniature patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101794934A
CN101794934A CN201010000227A CN201010000227A CN101794934A CN 101794934 A CN101794934 A CN 101794934A CN 201010000227 A CN201010000227 A CN 201010000227A CN 201010000227 A CN201010000227 A CN 201010000227A CN 101794934 A CN101794934 A CN 101794934A
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China
Prior art keywords
paster
antenna
paster antenna
frequency range
materials
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CN201010000227A
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CN101794934B (en
Inventor
O·克努森
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Oticon AS
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Oticon AS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a patch antenna for a small size, low-power device adapted for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic radiation in a predefined frequency range. The invention further relates to a method of driving a patch antenna and to the use of a patch antenna. The object of the present invention is to provide a patch antenna suitable for a small size, low power device. The problem is solved in that the antenna comprises at least one patch comprising an electrically conductive material and having an upper and lower face, the at least one patch being supported on its lower face by an intermediate material comprising a material having a negative magnetic permeability and/or a negative electrical permittivity, at least over a part of the predefined frequency range. The present invention provides an alternative scheme for manufacturing a patch antenna for a small size, low power device. The invention may e.g. be used for establishing a wireless interface in a portable communication device.

Description

Miniature patch antenna
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the antenna of quite little portable electronic equipment.The invention particularly relates to paster antenna electromagnetic radiation, small size, low-power device that is used to be suitable for to launch or receives scheduled frequency range.
The invention still further relates to the method that drives paster antenna.
The invention still further relates to the paster antenna use in portable communication appts such as hearing prosthesis, hearing prosthesis such as hearing instrument.
For example, the present invention is used in the application of setting up wave point in the portable communication appts.
Background technology
When the physical size of antenna during much smaller than operation wavelength, estimated performance will be demoted lower and bandwidth is narrower as efficient.Because this is the situation of most of antennas of working in hearing aids or similar SRD (short range devices) use, thereby optimizes antenna efficiency to keep low-power consumption very important.This with make minimized in size of equal importance, like this, the efficient that improves the antenna use in the instrument of size key, battery running will cause power consumption to reduce and battery life increases.The difficult problem of antenna microminiaturization is for example commented on by [Skrivervik etc., 2001].
The works of publishing [Al ù etc., 2007] has shown recently, introduces the little paster antenna of electricity that super material (meta-material) can realize having unprecedentedly good efficient in patch-antenna structure.The combination of common dielectric material and super material can be supported the cavity resonance carried out with far below the desired frequency of traditional design as the substrate between paster and the ground plane.Except the size little (this also available high dielectric constant dielectric material realizes) of resonant structure, super material also keeps good radiation efficiency.Opposite with the high dielectric constant dielectric material that most of energy is trapped in the material, super material causes realizing the means of resonance boundary condition in small size, and makes the electromagnetism field energy expand to the outside of patch-antenna structure.
Summary of the invention
To wear among the formula SRD what use is made of at the application of size key such as hearing aids or analog this by using super material to make the minimized effect of antenna size but the invention describes.In this manual, term " short range devices " (SRD) means and can cross relatively short distance and install communicating devices with another, afore-mentioned distance is as less than 50m, as less than 20m, as less than 5m, as less than 2m, or in some sense as the distance of using among the ERC proposed standard 70-03 on May 30th, 2008 ([ERC/REC 70-03]).In an embodiment, SRD according to the present invention is suitable for meeting [ERC/REC 70-03].
The present invention is specifically related to by using (at least in the component frequency scope) to represent the material (as super material) of negative magnetoconductivity μ (MNG) or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) or the two (DNG) in design and the antenna of the wireless system in hearing aids and the crucial application of similar size being carried out performance optimization.
Target of the present invention is to provide the paster antenna that is suitable for small size, low-power device.
Target of the present invention is realized by the paster antenna of the electromagnetic radiation of suitable emission that is used for small size, low-power device or reception scheduled frequency range.This paster antenna comprises at least one paster, paster comprise electric conducting material and have above and below, the following of aforementioned at least one paster supported by intermediate materials, and intermediate materials comprises the material that has negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity at least at the part scheduled frequency range.
The invention provides the alternative fabrication scheme of the paster antenna that is used for small size, low-power device.
Term " small device sizes " mean in this manual its greatest physical size less than 10cm as less than the device of 5cm (thereby and be used for providing the antenna of wave point) to this device.In an embodiment, " small device sizes " is its greatest physical size much smaller than (as little more than 3 times, as little more than 10 times, as little more than 20 times) device of the operation wavelength of antenna during (ideally, being used for the electromagnetic antenna of the given frequency of radiation should be more than or equal to half of the wavelength of the ripple of this frequency radiation) as wave point.When 860MHz, the wavelength under the vacuum is about 35cm.When 2.4GHz, the wavelength under the vacuum is about 12cm.In an embodiment, " small device sizes " is hearing prosthesis, as hearing instrument, is fit to be arranged in ear place or all or part of user's of being positioned at duct.
Term " low-power device " means the electronic installation that has limited power budget owing to one of the following or a plurality of restriction in this manual: 1) it has indigenous energy such as battery; 2) it is quite little device, and only limited free space is used for indigenous energy; 3) it is had to low power run owing to system constraint (restriction of the radiant power of maximum dissipation problem (heat), Radio Link etc.).In an embodiment, " low-power device " is the portable unit with energy of finite duration, and the aforementioned duration is generally day duration (as one day or two days) of level.In an embodiment, " low-power device " for have maximum voltage less than 5V as portable unit less than the energy of 3V.
Generally speaking, parameter magnetic permeability μ (B=μ H) or () DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (D=ε E) they are complexor, can be written as μ=μ '+i μ respectively " and ε=ε '+i ε ", i wherein 2=-1 is imaginary unit.The real part of parameter (μ ' with ε ') is relevant with energy stored in the material, and the imaginary part of parameter (μ " with ε ") is relevant with spillage of material.Usually, consider that μ and ε (are respectively μ with respect to the value under its vacuum 0And ε 0) value, i.e. μ rAnd ε rTerm " have negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity at the part scheduled frequency range at least " and mean in this manual in related magnetic permeability μ or () DIELECTRIC CONSTANT parameter one or two have negative real part at the part scheduled frequency range at least.
In an embodiment, paster antenna comprises paster and ground plane, and wherein intermediate materials is between paster and ground plane.In an embodiment, the two supports paster and ground plane by intermediate materials, and promptly they constitute the hierarchy of forming by three layers together.
In an embodiment, paster antenna comprises first and second pasters of being separated by intermediate materials.This has the advantage that can save big relatively ground plane conductor, thereby makes antenna be more suitable for dingus such as hearing aids.In an embodiment, paster is arranged in each side of constant-breadth intermediate layer of material.In an embodiment, the paster mirror is arranged in around the plane by intermediate materials symmetrically.In an embodiment, two pasters support by intermediate materials.In an embodiment, first and second patch shape are the same, as circle or polygon (that is, having big rotation symmetry around the axle perpendicular to paster antenna sandwich).
In an embodiment, intermediate materials is a dissimilar materials, because it comprises area of space, at least two in these area of space comprise different materials, have different physical propertys such as different electromagnetic properties as them.In an embodiment, intermediate materials comprises super material.
Term " super material " means wherein the synthetic material of the two-dimentional or three-dimensional alveolate texture of manually introducing (same usually) structural member in this manual.In an embodiment, super material is anisotropic material such as uniaxial material, represents negative magnetoconductivity μ (MNG) or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) or the two (DNG) in frequency range.
In a particular embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for realizing: (second) resonance frequency F0 of antenna is positioned at magnetic permeability μ (MNG) or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) or the two (DNG) frequency range ([f for bearing of intermediate materials Minf Max]) in.
In an embodiment, intermediate materials comprises the first and second different materials, and at least one material is for having the material of negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity at least at the part scheduled frequency range.This has the effect that paster antenna has two resonance frequencys, the first resonance frequency (F 1) be controlled by the shape and size (natural resonance) of paster, the second resonance frequency (F 0) with the geometrical relationship between first and second materials change (for example, the radius ratio of first and second materials when circular (annular) structure or two kinds of materials, first material constitutes and has first radius r 1Cylinder, it is r that second material that surrounds first material constitutes inside radius 1With outer radius be r 2Cylinder ring).In an embodiment, cylindrical shape does not have circular cross-section.In an embodiment, radius r 1And r 2Be mean radius (each mean radius is the average length when rotating 360 ° to the vector of the periphery of the curve of describing related cross section from the cylindrical cross-section center sectional plane).Be that according to the major advantage of the antenna of the embodiment of the invention second resonance frequency can adjust and be caught with antenna size irrelevant.
In an embodiment, first and second of the intermediate materials different materials have and are in contact with one another or the mutual interface of faying face form.In an embodiment, around first material is arranged and be arranged in to second material along the paster periphery.In an embodiment, first and second materials have mutual interface as the annular in the slab-like structure (as circle or polygon) section, and body placed in the middle is surrounded by the body that cyclic rings forms in aforementioned slab-like structure.In an embodiment, mutual interface constitutes parallel and/or perpendicular to the face of at least one paster, for example in first and second material arrangements have embodiment in the hierarchy of mutual interface.In an embodiment, common face is asserted the annular of two kinds of materials and the mixing of hierarchy.
In an embodiment, first material is selected from the material of have negative magnetoconductivity (MNG) and/or negative permittivity (ENG), and second material is selected from such material, and the symbol of at least one in its magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant is opposite with first material.
In an embodiment, first material is super material.In an embodiment, second material is common dielectric material or super material.
In an embodiment, first and second pasters and intermediate materials are arranged to have the high number of degrees or rotational symmetric structure around the axle perpendicular to the face of first and second pasters, as greater than 2 rotation symmetry, as more than or equal to 6, as more than or equal to 8, as more than or equal to 16, symmetrical as rotating fully.
In an embodiment, material, it arranges mutually, size and dimension is optimized at the radiation and the efficient of paster antenna.
In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for emission and/or receives unauthorized ISM class frequency spectrum (ISM=industry, science and medical science), as the frequency spectrum that is formed by ITU radio communication fan-shaped (ITU-R).In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for launching or receiving the frequency range of about 865MHz or about 2.4GHz.In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for launching or receives the frequency range of 500MHz to 1GHz.
In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for realizing: frequency range ([f Minf Max]) at the second resonance frequency F 0On every side, antenna be suitable for this frequency range launch or receive and at the magnetic permeability μ of this frequency range intermediate materials (MNG) or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) or the two (DNG) for negative.In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for realizing: scheduled frequency range is positioned at the second resonance frequency F 0On every side.In an embodiment, scheduled frequency range is included in frequency range [f Minf Max] in, wherein the magnetic permeability μ (MNG) of intermediate materials or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) or the two (DNG) (real part) are for negative.Preferably, scheduled frequency range ([f Minf Max]) greater than 1MHz, as greater than 10MHz, as greater than 50MHz, as greater than 100MHz.In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for realizing: frequency range ([f Minf Max]) constitute resonance frequency F at least 01%, as F at least 05%, as F at least 010%.In an embodiment, therein antenna be suitable for launching or the magnetic permeability μ (MNG) of reception and intermediate materials or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) or the two (DNG) for negative, at the second resonance frequency F 0Frequency range ([f on every side Minf Max]) be defined as magnetic permeability μ (MNG) or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ENG) and be less than or equal to-1 as-2 or-5 scope.
In an embodiment, paster antenna has the size that is fit to little portable unit, as has the full-size less than 25mm, as less than 10mm.In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for being installed in the hearing instrument, and this hearing instrument is fit to be worn in user's ear place or the duct.
The present invention further provides drive describe in aforesaid, the embodiment or claim in the method for the paster antenna that limits.This method comprises: first and second pasters are driven by the balance signal of telecommunication.
In an embodiment, the inventive method comprises: when device was in user mode, one of paster was coupled near the surface on analog references plane.In an embodiment, near surface is people's a skin.
In addition, the invention provides describe in aforesaid, the embodiment or claim in the paster antenna that limits at Portable Communications Unit such as SRD, as the use in RFID device or hearing prosthesis such as the hearing instrument.In using embodiment, first and second pasters are driven by the balance signal of telecommunication.In using embodiment, one of paster is coupled near the surface on analog references plane.In an embodiment, near surface is people's a skin.
Portable Communications Unit further is provided.That Portable Communications Unit comprises is aforesaid, describe in the embodiment or claim in the paster antenna that limits and be suitable for by describe in aforesaid, the embodiment or claim in the method that limits drive paster antenna.
In an embodiment, Portable Communications Unit comprises the battery (as rechargeable battery) that is used for providing to this device energy.
In an embodiment, Portable Communications Unit comprises hearing instrument.
Hearing instrument is provided in addition, this hearing instrument comprise be used for sound import be converted to electrical input signal input translator (as microphone), be used for input signal (as provide with frequency change gain) is provided and the signal processing unit of handling the back output signal is provided and is used for handling the output translator (as receiver) that the back output signal is converted to the output sound of presenting to the user according to user's needs.Hearing instrument also comprises and is used for the wave point of communicating by letter with another communicator (as mobile phone), this wave point comprise be coupled to describe in aforesaid, the embodiment or claim in the paster antenna that limits transceiver and be suitable for by describe in aforesaid, the embodiment or claim in the method that limits drive paster antenna.
Further target of the present invention realizes by the execution mode that limits in dependent claims and the detailed description of the present invention.
Unless spell out, include plural form (meaning that promptly has " at least one ") in the implication of this used singulative.Should further understand, the term that uses in specification " comprises " and/or " comprising " shows and have described feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or parts, does not exist or increases one or more other features, integer, step, operation, element, parts and/or its combination but do not get rid of.Unless should be appreciated that to spell out, when element is called as " connection " or " coupling " when another element, can be directly to connect or be coupled to other elements, also can there be element between the centre.In addition, " connection " as used herein or " coupling " can comprise wireless connections or coupling.As used in this term " and/or " comprise any of one or more relevant items of enumerating and all combinations.Unless spell out, the step of any method disclosed herein must accurately not carried out by disclosed order.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is illustrated more fully, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the embodiment according to paster antenna of the present invention, and this antenna comprises paster and ground plane.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment according to paster antenna of the present invention, and this antenna comprises opposed mirror image paster.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment according to paster antenna of the present invention, and this antenna comprises the asymmetric coupling paster of opposed mirror image.
Fig. 4 is the isoboles of the asymmetric coupling of embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the super material that uses in the paster antenna according to the embodiment of the invention.And
Fig. 6 is that (Fig. 6 a) and the corresponding relation between reflection coefficient or return loss RL and the frequency (Fig. 6 b) according to the real number of the magnetic permeability μ of first material of paster antenna of the present invention and the corresponding relation between imaginary part and the frequency.
For the purpose of clear, the figure that these accompanying drawings are schematically and simplify, they have only provided for understanding the necessary details of the present invention, and omit other details.In institute's drawings attached, same Reference numeral is used for same or corresponding part.
By detailed description given below, the further scope of application of the present invention will be apparent.Yet, be to be understood that, when describing in detail and object lesson show the preferred embodiment of the present invention, they only provide for the purpose of illustration, because, for a person skilled in the art, be described in detail in by these that to make variations and modifications in spirit and scope of the invention be conspicuous.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment according to paster antenna of the present invention, and this antenna comprises paster and ground plane.
Paster antenna 10 as shown in fig. 1 needs ground plane 3, this ground plane than paster 2 big thereby since size restrictions can not be implemented in dingus such as the hearing aids usually.The paster antenna of Fig. 1 a (end view with antenna of drive circuit) and Fig. 1 b (vertical view of antenna) comprises the circular patch 2 placed in the middle with respect to bigger circular ground plane 3, and the two includes electric conducting material such as Cu (or Ag or Au).Paster 2 and ground plane 3 are separated by the intermediate layer that comprises two kinds of different materials: the common dielectric material is (as polymeric material, as " FR4 " or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or optimize have quite low ε (dielectric constant) and a quite low-loss material) outer shroud 4 and filling not by the super material centering portions 5 of common dielectric material occupation space.Super material and common dielectric material also can be intercoursed, and make super material formation outer shroud 4 and common dielectric material constitute remaining centering portions 5.Super material is suitable for having negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity at least a portion of the scheduled frequency range of antenna.Antenna 10 is driven by transceiver 1 (as comprising with the quite high-frequency carrier signal of audio signal modulation or according to the signal of digital stipulations such as bluetooth, DECT or ZigBee modulation).In an embodiment, antenna be optimized to 500 and 1000MHz between frequency range launch and/or receive, 860MHz according to appointment.The paster antenna of Fig. 1 comprises radius r PatchCircular patch, radius r for 20mm GroundFor the ground plane of 30mm, and the thickness of separating paster and ground plane be the intermediate layer of 5.5mm.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the intermediate layer has constant thickness and shape and the extension the same with paster, and promptly radius is r PatchCircular sheet.As alternative, the intermediate layer can have the extension between the extension of the extension the same with ground plane or paster and ground plane.In the embodiment in figure 1, the intermediate layer comprises the radius r of being made by first material 1Has negative magnetic permeability real part in the 1-50MHz frequency band of placed in the middle circular sheet 5, the first materials about 500MHz for 10mm.The ring 4 that circular sheet 5 placed in the middle is made by common dielectric material (as polymer) surrounds the outer radius r of ring 4 2=r PatchBe 20mm.The paster structure of Fig. 1 embodiment is circular.It also can adopt other shape that is fit to related application, as polygon, for example comprises pentagon, hexagon or bigger rotational symmetric polygon.
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment according to paster antenna of the present invention, and this antenna comprises opposed mirror image paster.
The preferred embodiment of the paster antenna 10 of avoiding the use ground plane bigger than top paster (Fig. 1) has been shown among Fig. 2.Antenna 10 comprises the mirror image 2 ' of (top) paster 2 and produce virtual ground face 3 ' between paster 2,2 '.By presenting balanced signal 11,11 ' (signal 11 ' that promptly imposes on bottom paster 2 ' is opposite with the signal 11 that imposes on top paster 2) to mirror-image structure from transceiver 1, symmetrical plane will overlap with virtual ground face 3 ', like this, the benefit of the single-ended paster of physics ground plane top reaches and can be transferred to the balance execution mode from its conclusion that draws.Balanced structure keeps small size and can be installed in the device such as hearing aids of size key.In an embodiment, paster antenna is suitable for launching/receiving in the frequency range from 500MHz to 1000MHz.Again, the structure that supports the layer of paster comprises the centering portions 5 that outer shroud 4 that the common dielectric material is made and super material are made, and super material filling does not have negative magnetoconductivity or dielectric constant by common dielectric material occupation space and at scheduled frequency range.As alternative, previous materials can be located on the contrary.By radius r according to centering portions 5 1Outer radius r with ring 4 2Ratio adjust (lower) resonance frequency of paster antenna and the frequency range of optimizing.The size of antenna is as follows: the diameter of paster diameter 20mm (equaling the external diameter of common material), super material is that the thickness of the layer between 10mm, the paster is 11mm.
Alternative solution is to make the size of ground plane and top paster the same and make it closely be coupled near surface (as human body or people's head) with simulation restricted publication of international news and commentary entitled plane.This is shown in Figure 3.Fig. 3 shows the embodiment according to paster antenna of the present invention, and this antenna comprises the paster of the asymmetric coupling of opposed mirror image.The surface 6, the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is the same with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 near one of paster 2 ' is coupled to.Mean that near coupling impedance Z p between the paster 2,2 ' is far above near the impedance Z between paster 2 ' and surperficial 6 ' gnd, shown in capacitor C and shown in the isoboles of Fig. 4.Preferably, the impedance Z gnd between near " top " paster 2 and surperficial 6 is much larger than the impedance Z between " bottom " paster 2 ' and near the surface ' gnd (abs (Z ' gnd)＜＜abs (Zgnd)).Equally, in this case, keep small size, the balanced feed that reaches antenna makes and the either side of paster can be coupled to ground plane, and because the full images symmetry of physical unit can realize that two kinds of radiances under the situation are the same.
Fig. 4 shows the isoboles of the asymmetric coupling of embodiment shown in Fig. 3.Near the relative position of surface 6 and antenna structure big-difference between coupling impedance Z ' gnd and the Zgnd depends on basically.The impedance of capacitor C in Z ' the gnd presentation graphs 3 among Fig. 4, and the much bigger impedance between top paster 2 in the Zgnd presentation graphs 3 and the surface 6.
Fig. 5 is the indicative icon of the super material that uses in paster antenna according to the present invention.Fig. 5 shows with top in conjunction with shown in Figure 1 and described the same paster antenna.Numeral on the figure is corresponding, the circumference of the ground plane of the circumferential extension that unique difference is the paster of common dielectric material 4 from Fig. 1 in Fig. 5.Fig. 5 a shows the transparent diagrammatic top view according to the embodiment of paster antenna of the present invention.Super material 5 placed in the middle is shown as including the array of same structural detail 51.In the present embodiment, structural detail 51 is (flat) eiloid element, comprises the lead that conduction (metal) material is made.(second) resonance frequency F of antenna 0Determine (for example referring to [Bilotti etc., 2007] at a plurality of clasps and helical structure element) by the electromagnetic property (comprising its dielectric constant) of the structure of these elements and arrangement (character (comprising its thickness and resistivity) of the distance between their 3D pattern, their density (mutual edge distance mutually), coil turn, conductor width, lead, conductor length, metal) and material around such as dielectric substance etc.For example, previous materials can be made by plane sandwiching technology, and it is embedded in coil array in the typical dielectric substrate of one deck, as the printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) of (is in the circle of r1 as radius) in the specific region.The size of structural detail (is flatwise coil at this) and mutual edge distance d mutually SePreferably than the wavelength X of the Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna of being optimized aLittle.In an embodiment, d Se＜0.5 λ a, as d Se＜0.1 λ a, as d Se＜0.05 λ a, as d Se＜0.01 λ a, as d Se＜0.005 λ a, as d Se＜0.001 λ aAfterwards, pile up a plurality of same layers (as 2 layers, more than 3 layers or 3 layers, as the 5-10 layer, as 8 layers among Fig. 5 a embodiment) with the formation thickness T InterEqual the hierarchy of the thickness of the intermediate materials between (formation) two pasters." outside " part of sandwich, embedded structure element (promptly comprising the PCB substrate that multilayer is same) not wherein can constitute second material (at this for constituting the common dielectric material of PCB) of paster antenna easily.If metal level is applied to two planes of hierarchy, then form according to paster antenna of the present invention, its outer (radially) boundary can suitably be configured as circle or polygon or be fit to any other shape of related application.Fig. 5 b and 5c show the schematic side elevation and the stereogram of the big line of paster.
Can described in [Bilotti etc., 2007], make together with the super material that the present invention uses.The technology that is suitable for making super material comprises the combination (as plasma or vacuum moulding machine or sputtering method) of planar technique such as semiconductor or PCB technology (use alternately shelter and deposition step) and/or other deposition technique.
Fig. 6 shows that (Fig. 6 a) and the corresponding relation between reflection coefficient or return loss RL and the frequency (Fig. 6 b) according to the real number of the magnetic permeability μ of first material of paster antenna of the present invention and the corresponding relation between imaginary part and the frequency.Fig. 6 a shows and is being positioned at the resonance frequency F of antenna 0The minimum frequency f of each side MinWith peak frequency f MaxBetween frequency range in have the magnetic permeability real part and the imaginary part of the material of negative magnetoconductivity.In according to top paster antenna in conjunction with Fig. 1,2,3,5 described structures, this has the effect (referring to Fig. 6 b) that paster antenna has two resonance frequencys, the first resonance frequency F 1The shape and size (natural resonance) that are controlled by paster, the second resonance frequency F 0With the geometrical relationship between first and second materials change (for example, the radius ratio of first and second materials when circular (annular) structure or two kinds of materials, first material constitutes and has first radius r 1Cylinder, it is r that second material that surrounds first material constitutes inside radius 1With outer radius be r 2Cylinder ring).The real part Re[μ of magnetic permeability] at f MinAnd f MaxBetween for negative, and outside this scope for just.In an embodiment, the second resonance frequency F 0Between 500MHz and 800MHz, 500MHz according to appointment.In an embodiment, the ratio of Fig. 6 a makes indicated horizontal μ+and μ-belong to respectively+5 to+10 and-5 to-10 grades, thereby the absolute value of the peak value of real part and imaginary part is between 10 and 20.Fig. 6 b schematically shows the relation between return loss RL and the frequency f, and shows the first and second resonance frequency F 1And F 0In an embodiment, F 1Be F 03-5 doubly.In an embodiment, F 1In the scope of GHz, as between 1GHz and 5GHz, 2.5GHz according to appointment.In an embodiment, the scale factor RL-among Fig. 6 b belong to-20dB is to-40dB level.
The present invention is limited by the feature of independent claims.Dependent claims limits preferred embodiment.Any Reference numeral in the claim is not intended to limit its scope.
Some preferred embodiments are illustrated in foregoing, but what should emphasize is the restriction that the present invention is not subjected to these embodiment, but the alternate manner in the theme that can claim limits is realized.
List of references
·[Alùet?al.，2007]A.Alù，F.Bilotti，N.Engheta，and?L.Vegni，“Subwavelength，Compact，Resonant?Patch?Antennas?Loaded?withMetamaterials”.IEEE?Transactions?on?Antennas?and?Propagation，Vol.55，No.1，January?2007，pp.13-25.
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·[Skrivervik?et?al.，2001]A.K.Skrivervik，J.-F.Zürcher，O.Staub，J.R.Mosig”，PCS?Antenna?Design：The?Challenge?of?Miniaturization”，IEEE?Antennas?and?Propagation?Magazine，Vol.43，No.4，August?2001，pp.12-27.

Claims (22)

1. be used for the suitable emission of small size, low-power device or receive the paster antenna of the electromagnetic radiation of scheduled frequency range, this paster antenna comprises at least one paster, described at least one paster comprise electric conducting material and have above and below, the following of described at least one paster supported by intermediate materials, and described intermediate materials comprises the material that has negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity at least at the part scheduled frequency range.
2. according to the paster antenna of claim 1, comprise paster and ground plane, wherein said intermediate materials is between paster and ground plane.
3. according to the paster antenna of claim 1, comprise first and second pasters of separating by described intermediate materials.
4. according to the arbitrary described paster antenna of claim 1-3, wherein said intermediate materials comprises the first and second different materials, and wherein at least one material is for having the material of negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity at least at the part scheduled frequency range.
5. according to the paster antenna of claim 4, the first and second different materials of wherein said intermediate materials have and are in contact with one another or the mutual interface of faying face form.
6. according to the paster antenna of claim 5, first material is selected from the material with negative magnetoconductivity and/or negative permittivity, and second material be selected from its magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant at least one symbol and the material of the opposite in sign of first material.
7. according to the paster antenna of claim 6, wherein first material is super material, and/or second material is common dielectric material or super material.
8. according to the paster antenna of claim 7, wherein said paster is arranged in each side of constant-breadth intermediate layer of material.
9. paster antenna according to Claim 8, wherein said paster mirror are arranged in around the plane by intermediate materials symmetrically.
10. according to the paster antenna of claim 9, around wherein first material is arranged and be arranged in to second material along the paster periphery, make second material be arranged in around first material with circularizing.
11. according to the paster antenna of claim 9, wherein said first and second materials are arranged in each other top by hierarchy.
12. according to the paster antenna of claim 10 or 11, wherein first and second pasters and intermediate materials are arranged to have the structure of high rotation symmetry around the axle perpendicular to the face of first and second pasters.
13. according to the paster antenna of claim 12, be suitable for having two resonance frequencys, the first resonance frequency F 1The shape and size that are controlled by paster, the second resonance frequency F 0Change with the geometrical relationship between first and second materials.
14. according to the paster antenna of claim 13, wherein first material formation has the first mean radius r 1Cylinder, and second material surround first material and constitute in mean radius be r 1With outer mean radius be r 2Cylinder ring.
15., be suitable for realizing: the second resonance frequency F according to the paster antenna of claim 13 or 14 0Be positioned at frequency range [f Minf Max] in, the magnetic permeability μ of intermediate materials or DIELECTRIC CONSTANT or the two are negative in this frequency range.
16. according to the paster antenna of claim 15, be suitable for realizing: antenna is suitable for launching or the scheduled frequency range that receives is positioned at the second resonance frequency F 0On every side.
17. drive the method according to the arbitrary described paster antenna of claim 1-16, wherein first and second pasters are driven by the balance signal of telecommunication.
18. according to the method for claim 17, wherein when described device was in user mode, one of paster was coupled near the surface on analog references plane.
19. according to the use of the arbitrary described paster antenna of claim 1-16 in Portable Communications Unit.
20. according to the use of claim 19, wherein first and second pasters are driven by the balance signal of telecommunication.
21. according to the use of claim 19, wherein one of paster is coupled near the surface on analog references plane.
22. comprising the Portable Communications Unit according to the arbitrary described paster antenna of claim 1-16 is suitable for driving described paster antenna according to the method for claim 17 or 18.
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