A kind of method for extracting multiple metals
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metal extraction techniques field, particularly a kind of method for extracting multiple metals.
Background technology
Metal is the important materials during modernization industry is produced.The metal great majority are to extract from metal-containing minerals through certain method and equipment.In Metal smelting method now, comparatively common is: utilize reductive agent,, through the regular hour metal-containing minerals is reduced in certain temperature, obtain metal.But this method generally only can obtain a kind of reducing metal, can't once reclaim these metals for the mineral that contain multiple metal, can only reclaim by repeatedly smelting, and often brings energy consumption, cost, the too high cost of pollution and repeatedly smelt.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of method for extracting multiple metals is provided, in same leaching process, can extract and obtain multiple metal.
For solving above technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of method for extracting multiple metals, comprise: will comprise the mixture moulding of containing metal material, reductive agent, fuming agent, additive, subsequently, mixture after the moulding is passed through fuming reduction and melting and reducing successively, obtain reducing metal, volatilizable metallic compound and tailings.In this technical scheme: adding reductive agent, can be metal simple-substance with the high valence state metallic reducing in the containing metal material, reaches the purpose of metal smelting; Add the fuming agent, the metallic compound reaction with in the mineral generates lower boiling metallic compound, and these lower boiling metallic compounds volatilizations at high temperature are gaseous state and separate with solid-state mixture; The additive that adds plays catalysis, moulding or absorption, is respectively: catalysis: the carrying out that quickens reduction, fuming reaction; Moulding: help the moulding of pulverulent material, prevent the pelletizing breakage after the moulding; Absorb: reaction is carried out or the product of environmental pollution for being harmful to of helping to generate in the absorption reaction.
Wherein, contained metallic element comprises at least a among at least a and Ti, Zn in iron, nickel, the tungsten, Cd, Pb, Sb, Cu, Co, Ag, Au, Bi, Sn, the In in the described containing metal material.
Wherein, before mixing, containing metal material, reductive agent, fuming agent, additive grind to form earlier small size particle separately.
Wherein, before mixing, containing metal material, fuming agent, additive grind to form the following particle of median size 5mm earlier.
Wherein, before mixing, it is the above particle of 1mm that reductive agent is fractured into particle diameter.
Wherein, the addition of reductive agent and fuming agent addition are by weight, all big by 5%~300% than theoretical molar value.
Wherein, the weight ratio of additive and fuming agent is 1: 2~1: 6.
Wherein, reductive agent is selected from: one or more in coal, coke, heavy oil, refinery coke and the pitch.
Wherein, the fuming agent is selected from and contains at least a compound of column element down: O, C, S, Cl.
Wherein, the fuming agent is selected from: sulphur, ZnS, Al
2S
3, CaS, FeS, FeS
2, MgCl
2, CaCl
2, NaCl, FeCl
3, among the KOH, bituminous coal one or more.
Wherein, additive is selected from and contains at least a following cationic compound: Li
+, Na
+, K
+, Al
3+, Ca
2+, Sr
2+, Si
4+, Ba
2+And Mg
2+
Wherein, additive is selected from: NaCl, SiO
2, Na
2SiO
3, KCl, AlCl
3, CaCl
2, NaF, CaF
2, SrF
2, Na
2O, NaOH, Al (OH)
3, CaO, Al
2O
3, MgO, NaHCO
3, KHCO
3, Ca (HCO
3)
2, CaSO
4, BaSO
4, MgSO
4, Na
2SiO
3, Ca
2SiO
4, Na
2CO
3, K
2CO
3, Al
2(CO
3)
3, CaCO
3In one or more.
Wherein, mixture be shaped to briquetting, make ball, chop the chop, in the pressure ball, the container of packing into any one or more.
Wherein, described fuming is reduced to: the mixture after the moulding is sent into be heated to predetermined fuming reduction temperature in the fuming reduction furnace, insulation after the predetermined fuming recovery time, generates the flue gas that contains volatilizable metallic compound and the material that reduced; Wherein, described predetermined fuming reduction temperature is 500 ℃ or is higher than 500 ℃.
Wherein, described fuming reduction stove is selected from: any in coal furnace, hotblast stove, fluidizing furnace, Circulation fluidized-bed furnace, chain furnace, tunnel furnace, rotary kiln, rotary hearth furnace, electrothermal oven, the resistance furnace.
Wherein, the described predetermined fuming recovery time is 20 minutes~240 minutes.
Wherein, described fusion reduction reaction is: the material that will reduce is sent in the smelting furnace again, is heated to predetermined melting and reducing temperature, and insulation after the time, obtains elemental metals and tailings through predetermined melting and reducing; Wherein, described predetermined melting and reducing temperature is 500 ℃ or greater than 500 ℃.
Wherein, described smelting furnace is any in electric arc furnace, converter, intermediate frequency furnace, rotary hearth furnace, the hot stove in ore deposit, blast furnace, electrothermal oven, resistance furnace, coal furnace, gas furnace, the open hearth.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by adding reductive agent, fuming agent, additive in the containing metal material, thereby make that the high valence state metallic element in the containing metal material is directly reduced, the part metals element extracts by the fuming agent and obtains volatilizable metallic compound under lower boiling, the high temperature, thereby in same leaching process, from the containing metal material, extract multiple metal, have metallic reducing rate height, metal fall height, energy utilization rate height, advantage that production cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schema of method for extracting multiple metals of the present invention.
Embodiment
Basic design of the present invention is, the containing metal material is mixed, is shaped with reductive agent, fuming agent, additive, subsequently, the mixture after the moulding passed through fuming reduction and melting and reducing successively, obtains reducing metal, volatilizable metallic compound and tailings.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, method for extracting multiple metals of the present invention comprises the steps: short grained containing metal material and reductive agent, the fuming agent, additive mixes, obtain mixture after stirring, heat sending in the fuming reduction furnace after the mixture moulding, after reaching predetermined fuming reduction temperature, keep this temperature, mixture carries out the fuming reduction reaction, after for some time, part metals in the mixture and fuming agent generate lower boiling metallic compound, the lower boiling metallic compound of this kind volatilizees under the hot environment of fuming reduction furnace and forms flue gas, obtains volatilizable metallic compound after this flue gas is reclaimed; Subsequently the material of reduction after the fuming reduction reaction is sent in the smelting furnace, be heated to predetermined melting and reducing temperature after, keep this temperature, after reaction for some time, obtain reducing metal and tailings.
Below by specific embodiment method for extracting multiple metals of the present invention is described.
Embodiment 1
1) (tin content is: 1.23% to contain tin-iron mine, iron level is: 54.85%), with median size is that contain coal particle (reductive agent) that tin-iron mine and the particle diameter of handling well are 1mm~4mm and the median size of 0.178mm is that 0.074 fuming agent, additive mix, stir, make ball with pelletizer then; Wherein, the fuming agent is MgCl
2And CaCl
2, in the additive, NaCl is as catalyzer, Na
2SiO
4As forming agent, CaCO
3As absorption agent.The weight ratio that contains tin-iron mine and coal particle, fuming agent, additive is 5: 1: 1: 1.Wherein, the coal particle that this step is used, its particle diameter can be the arbitrary value among 1mm~4mm, as 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm etc.
2) finished product ore deposit ball is evenly arranged on the fuming chassis by material distributing machine, send in the fuming reduction furnace and heat, be heated to 1000 ℃, keep this temperature, the fuming reaction is carried out in non-ferrous metal element such as tin and fuming agent in the ball of ore deposit, reacts after 60 minutes, generate lower boiling tin protochloride, volatilization enters in the flue gas, after the flue gas dust collection system handles, obtains high-load fuming tin concentrate product; In the present embodiment, the fuming reduction furnace is selected tunnel furnace for use.
3) ferriferous oxide in the ball of ore deposit progressively is heated to 1200 ℃ in the fuming reduction furnace, keeps this temperature, and under this temperature, with reductive agent-coal generation reduction reaction, iron is reduced, and the ore deposit ball progressively metallizes, and becomes the iron content pelletizing of high degree of metalization; The iron content pelletizing of high degree of metalization is packed in the electric arc furnace, and slag, iron separate after the iron content pellets will, and iron liquid is cast iron block through pig-casting machine.
In the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of tin is 65.78%, the reduction ratio of iron is 71.25%.
Embodiment 2
1) (zinc content is: 1.22% to contain franklinite, iron level is: 54.89%), with median size is that the franklinite that contains of 0.52mm is the coal particle (reductive agent) of 1mm~3mm and fuming agent, the additive mixing and stirring that median size is 0.076mm with the particle diameter handled well, and makes ball with pelletizer; Wherein, the fuming agent is CaCl
2, in the additive, SiO
2As catalyzer, Na
2SiO
4As forming agent, CaF
2As absorption agent.The weight ratio that contains franklinite and coal particle, fuming agent, additive is 6: 2: 1: 0.5.Wherein, the coal particle that this step is used, its particle diameter can be the arbitrary value among 1mm~3mm, as 1mm, 1.3mm, 2mm, 2.6mm, 3mm etc.
2) send in the fuming reduction furnace and heat, be heated to 950 ℃, keep this temperature, the fuming reaction is carried out in non-ferrous metal element such as zinc and fuming agent in the ball of ore deposit, react after 90 minutes, generate lower boiling zinc chloride, volatilization enters in the flue gas, after the flue gas dust collection system handles, obtain high-load fuming zinc ore concentrate product; In the present embodiment, the fuming reduction furnace is selected tunnel furnace for use.
3) ferriferous oxide in the ball of ore deposit progressively is heated to 1300 ℃ in the fuming reduction furnace, keeps this temperature, and under this temperature, with reductive agent-coal generation reduction reaction, iron is reduced, and the ore deposit ball progressively metallizes, and becomes the iron content pelletizing of high degree of metalization; The iron content pelletizing of high degree of metalization is packed in the electric arc furnace, and slag, iron separate after the iron content pellets will, and iron liquid is cast iron block through pig-casting machine.
In the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of zinc is 94.25%, the reduction ratio of iron is 72.11%.
Embodiment 3
1) (lead content is: 0.93% to contain plumboferrite, iron level is: 57.22%), with median size is that the plumboferrite that contains of 0.35mm is the coal particle (reductive agent) of 2mm~4mm and fuming agent, the additive mixing and stirring that median size is 0.083mm with the particle diameter handled well, and makes ball with pelletizer; Wherein, the fuming agent is MgCl
2, in the additive, NaCl is as catalyzer, Na
2SiO
4As forming agent, CaHCO
3As absorption agent.The weight ratio that contains plumboferrite and coal particle, fuming agent, additive is 6: 3: 2: 1.Wherein, the coal particle that this step is used, its particle diameter can be the arbitrary value among 2mm~4mm, as 2mm, 2.3mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm etc.
2) send in the fuming reduction furnace and heat, be heated to 1150 ℃, keep this temperature, the fuming reaction is carried out in non-ferrous metal element such as lead and fuming agent in the ball of ore deposit, react after 45 minutes, generate lower boiling lead chloride, volatilization enters in the flue gas, after the flue gas dust collection system handles, obtain high-load fuming lead ore concentrate product; Wherein, in the present embodiment, the fuming reduction furnace is selected tunnel furnace for use.
3) ferriferous oxide in the ball of ore deposit progressively is heated to 1350 ℃ in the fuming reduction furnace, keeps this temperature, and under this temperature, with reductive agent-coal generation reduction reaction, iron is reduced, and the ore deposit ball progressively metallizes, and becomes the iron content pelletizing of high degree of metalization; The iron content pelletizing of high degree of metalization is packed in the electric arc furnace, and slag, iron separate after the iron content pellets will, and iron liquid is cast iron block through pig-casting machine.
In the present embodiment, the plumbous rate of recovery is 90.87%, the reduction ratio of iron is 73.46%.
From above embodiment, can draw, method for extracting multiple metals of the present invention can extract in same leaching process and obtain tin, lead, zinc, the multiple metal of iron, and the rate of recovery of non-ferrous metal is the highest can be to about 95%, the reduction ratio of iron is 71.11%~73.46%, the rate of recovery and reduction ratio height.
Only be preferred implementation of the present invention below, should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be considered as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim institute restricted portion.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.