The maceration emery wheel is with maceration agent and the application in the preparation of maceration emery wheel thereof
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to accurate and ultraprecise manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of maceration emery wheel with maceration agent and the application in the preparation of maceration emery wheel thereof.
(2) background technology
Grinding is a kind of mechanical surface processing method commonly used, but the grinding heat that in grinding process, produces can increase abrasion of grinding wheel, causes the temperature rise of workpiece, even produces grinding burn and crackle.In order to reduce grinding temperature, adopt the mode of cast grinding fluid to cool off and lubricate usually.But because emery wheel rotates at a high speed, grinding fluid is difficult to get into grinding area, does not have effective cooling and lubricant effect.Particularly some dry grinding occasions and some grinding fluids are supplied with inadequate grinding occasion, because grinding condition is abominable, grinding temperature is higher, can have a strong impact on its grinding surface quality and wheel life, and produce amounts of dust, seriously contaminated environment during dry grinding.
In order to improve the grinding shape, reduce grinding burn, traditional method is:
(1) stability of raising Grinder bench feed system guarantees the bearing contact stiffness, reduces the vibration between emery wheel and the workpiece.
(2) improve work speed, reduce radial feeds, reduce the contact area of emery wheel and workpiece, perhaps reduce the grinding allowance of workpiece.
(3) choose reasonable and trimming wheel.
(4) rationally use cooling-lubricant.
Though above method has some improvement to the grinding state, largely depend on extraneous factor, and workman's experience, can not tackle the problem at its root.
Be prone to produce problems such as the titanium bits adhere to wheel face, grinding skin appearance burn even can't continue that grinding is gone down during at present for difficult-to-machine material grindings such as titanium alloys; Effectively solution is exactly that the direct maceration of chemical addition agent that some are suitable is processed the maceration emery wheel in the emery wheel hole; In grinding process; These chemical addition agents just can fully enter into grinding arc area, play the effect that improves grinding condition.Available chemical addition agent has oiliness additive, and EP agent and lubricant in addition, increase the surfactant of maceration effect in addition and increase the additive that lubricant adheres to abrasive material and bond surface energy.
Because one type of difficult-to-machine material that intensity is big, toughness is high such as titanium alloy has directly been used in the development, particularly aviation manufacture view of investigation of materials more and more, made the research of maceration emery wheel reach straight in recent years with coming into one's own day by day.(Li Wei such as Li Wei; Cutting edge of a knife or a sword, Zhang Youzhen are learned in the Pu. the preferred and application of the prescription of maceration emery wheel. and rub material grinding tool and grinding, 1992; 3 (69)) with regard to the grinding force in the titanium alloy material grinding, grinding ratio, the main evaluation index of grinding burn heavy-duty grinding surface roughness conduct; Kind, consumption for additive are inquired into the influence relation of titanium platform gold ground effect, and carry out the orthogonal regression experimental design with computer, have drawn the optimization formula of maceration material.But in the document and unexposed concrete which additive that used.
(3) summary of the invention
First technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of maceration emery wheel and uses the maceration agent, and this maceration agent is used to prepare the novel maceration emery wheel that can improve the grinding state better, reduce grinding burn.
Maceration emery wheel of the present invention is used the maceration agent; Process by kollag, surfactant, dispersant, anti-adhesive additive and water; Said kollag is molybdenum bisuphide and paraffin; Said surfactant is triethanolamine and oleic acid, and said dispersant is sodium chloride and sodium carbonate, and said anti-adhesive additive is sodium molybdate and tributyl phosphate.
The mass percent of each composition is in the preferred said maceration agent of the present invention: kollag 1.2~4.4%, and surfactant 2.1~5%, dispersant 0.6~3%, anti-adhesive additive 0.55~2.5%, surplus is a water.
Further; The mass ratio of molybdenum bisuphide and paraffin is preferably 0.2~1 in the said kollag: 1; The mass ratio of triethanolamine and oleic acid is preferably 0.5~1.5 in the said surfactant: 1; The mass ratio of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate is preferably 2~5 in the said dispersant: 1, and the mass ratio of sodium molybdate and tributyl phosphate is preferably 0.2~1 in the said anti-adhesive additive: 1.
Further, the percentage of each composition is in the preferred said maceration agent of the present invention: kollag 2~3%, and surfactant 3~4.5%, dispersant 1~2%, anti-adhesive additive 0.7~1.5%, surplus is a water.
Further; The mass ratio of molybdenum bisuphide and paraffin is preferably 0.3~0.7 in the said kollag: 1; The mass ratio of triethanolamine and oleic acid is preferably 0.8~1.2 in the said surfactant: 1; The mass ratio of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate is preferably 2.2~3.5 in the said dispersant: 1, and the mass ratio of sodium molybdate and tributyl phosphate is preferably 0.3~0.7 in the said anti-adhesive additive: 1.
Second technical problem that the present invention will solve is that described maceration agent is applied in the preparation of novel maceration emery wheel a kind of preparation method of maceration emery wheel is provided promptly, and this maceration emery wheel can improve the grinding state better, reduce grinding burn.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Maceration agent of the present invention is applied to prepare in the maceration emery wheel; Said maceration emery wheel prepares according to following method: use a heating container; The temperature of aqueous solvent is heated to more than 85 ℃; Kollag, surfactant, dispersant, anti-adhesive additive with formula ratio adds wherein then, makes it to mix, and promptly gets the maceration agent; To pass through the emery wheel of decontamination processing and put into the maceration jar, be evacuated down to-0.4~0MPa, and rely on the effect of vacuum pressure in the maceration jar that the maceration agent is sucked in the maceration jar then; Emery wheel is immersed in the maceration agent fully; Temperature begins pressurization at 50~90 ℃ in the control maceration jar after maceration 1~5min, makes maceration pressure at 0.1~0.5MPa; Pressurization back maceration is 1~5min; The maceration agent is penetrated in the emery wheel pore fully, and the emery wheel behind maceration takes out oven dry from the maceration jar, promptly get described maceration emery wheel.
Further, the maceration temperature is 60~80 ℃ in the preferred maceration jar of the present invention, and maceration pressure is preferably 0.2~0.4MPa, and the maceration time is preferably 2~4min before the pressurization, and the pressurization back maceration time is preferably 2~4min.
The decontamination of emery wheel of the present invention is handled to refer to and is removed the wheel face spot, can adopt routine operation.
The present invention utilizes emery wheel maceration principle, and the maceration agent that will contain compositions such as kollag, dispersant, anti-adhesive additive and surfactant is infiltrated in the emery wheel pore, makes it to solidify, and forms one one-tenth lubricating film at the emery wheel hole.After maceration, emery wheel is dried processing, to promote the generation of lubricating film.
Maceration of the present invention, that its equipment adopts is vacuum pressure immersion equipment (VPI), this device is made up of three parts: 1, vacuum pressure system; 2, maceration system; 3, control system.
The vacuum pressure system mainly comprises one of air compressor machine, one in vavuum pump.
The maceration system mainly comprises maceration jar, fluid reservoir.The maceration jar includes 2 observation windows, a pressure vacuum gauge, a safety valve, a cover heater and an attemperator.2 relative staggered designs of observation window, purpose are in order better to see the maceration situation in the maceration jar clearly; Pressure vacuum gauge is to be used for showing vacuum and institute's plus-pressure state; Safety valve is in order to prevent that maceration jar internal pressure is too high and blast; Heater and attemperator are in order to keep maceration jar temperature inside, to make the more even of maceration liquid infiltration.
Fluid reservoir comprises a cover oil bath heater, and purpose is to mix in order to make the fusing of maceration carrier and chemical addition agent.
The control system makes to keep constant temperature and pressure in maceration jar, the fluid reservoir, and controls the constant of temperature, and thermocouple sensor is all adopted in the measurement of temperature.
Matching requirements: requirement will have good sealing property, heat insulating ability and corrosion resistance.Specific requirement is following: vacuumizes and approximately arrives the certain vacuum degree, as-0.1MPa, observe vacuum meter, indicator does not have significant change in 5 minutes; Be pressurized to the certain pressure value then, like 0.3MPa, observe Pressure gauge, indicator does not have significant change in 5 minutes; Continue pressurization, safety valve is opened when pressure exceeds certain value, and it is constant to keep maceration jar internal pressure; Design temperature is a certain value, and as 70 ℃, heater is opened, and when sensor detected temperature above 70 ℃, the heating emergency warning lamp went out, and the insulation warning is bright, and when temperature was lower than 70 ℃, the heating emergency warning lamp was bright, was incubated emergency warning lamp and went out.Control pressurer system too, when pressure surpassed setting value, pressurization was closed, and opens automatically when being lower than setting value.
Compared with prior art, the present invention carries out maceration with emery wheel and handles through the control to maceration agent prescription and maceration technology in specific maceration agent, form one deck lubricating film at the emery wheel hole.In grinding process, lubricating film receives local melting after the grinding heat effect, directly acts on grinding area, thereby plays effective cooling and lubrication.Can improve grinding condition effectively, reduce grinding force, reduce grinding temperature, suppress the metal adhesion of wheel face, prolong wheel life, avoid part grinding burn and crackle, and reduce the dust pollution when dry grinding.In a word, maceration emery wheel of the present invention is mainly used in grinding, except can effectively solving grinding burn, can also make workpiece surface quality more good.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a maceration emery wheel preparation process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a maceration emery wheel preparation facilities of the present invention, wherein 1. is pressure vacuum gauge; 2. be safety valve; 3. be air compressor machine; 4. be vavuum pump; 5. be ball valve; 6. be screen pack; 7. be observation window; 8. be the maceration jar; 9. be fluid reservoir; 10. be control cabinet;
Fig. 4 is a maceration emery wheel internal microstructure of the present invention, and wherein a is a pore; B is an abrasive particle; C is a bond; D is a cured film;
Fig. 3 is prepared novel maceration agent and emery wheel maceration modular concept by the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a maceration emery wheel hole inwall SEM photo of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the contrast of maceration emery wheel and conventional wheel grinding burn phenomenon;
(5) specific embodiment
Test with maceration emery wheel and conventional wheel grinding property comparison below this programme done further explanation:
The maceration emery wheel prepares according to following method in the embodiment of the invention: use a heating container; Aqueous solvent is heated to about 95 ℃; Then kollag, surfactant, dispersant, anti-adhesive additive are added wherein, make it to mix, both got the maceration agent; To pass through the emery wheel of decontamination processing and put into the maceration jar, be evacuated down to-0.2~0MPa, and rely on the effect of vacuum pressure in the maceration jar that the maceration agent is sucked in the maceration jar then; Emery wheel need be immersed in the maceration agent fully; Temperature is about 50~75 ℃ (T) in the control maceration jar, and the maceration agent begins pressurization after injecting maceration jar 2~4min, and pressure is at 0.2~0.4MPa (P); The pressurization maceration time is 2~4min (t); The maceration agent is penetrated in the emery wheel pore fully, and the emery wheel behind maceration takes out oven dry from the maceration jar, promptly get described maceration emery wheel.
Embodiment 1: the maceration experiment parameter of maceration emery wheel is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 maceration experiment parameter
The mass percent of each composition is in the maceration agent: paraffin 1%, and molybdenum bisuphide 0.2%, triethanolamine 0.7%, oleic acid 1.4%, tributyl phosphate 0.45%, sodium molybdate 0.1%, sodium chloride 0.5%, sodium carbonate 0.1%, surplus is a water.
Workpiece grinding on MA6025 type universal cutter grinder, this lathe grinding wheel speed 2700rpm, workpiece rotational frequency 170rpm gives hand feed speed 1.5mm/min, and the roughness of surveying, grinding ratio, material removing rate are as shown in table 2:
Table 2 roughness, grinding ratio, material removing rate contrast
Embodiment 2: the maceration experiment parameter of maceration emery wheel is as shown in table 3:
Table 3 maceration experiment parameter
The percentage of each composition is in the maceration agent: paraffin 2.2%, and molybdenum bisuphide 2.2%, triethanolamine 3%, oleic acid 2%, tributyl phosphate 1.25%, sodium molybdate 1.25%, sodium chloride 2%, sodium carbonate 1%, surplus is a water.
Workpiece grinding on MA6025 type universal cutter grinder, this lathe grinding wheel speed 2700rpm, workpiece rotational frequency 170rpm gives hand feed speed 1.5mm/min, and the roughness of surveying, grinding ratio, material removing rate are as shown in table 4:
Table 4 roughness, grinding ratio, material removing rate contrast
Embodiment 3: the preferred maceration experiment parameter of maceration emery wheel is as shown in table 5:
Table 5 maceration experiment parameter
The percentage of each composition is in the preferred maceration agent: paraffin 1.8%, and molybdenum bisuphide 0.9%, triethanolamine 1.85%, oleic acid 1.85%, tributyl phosphate 0.65%, sodium molybdate 0.3%, sodium chloride 1.2%, sodium carbonate 0.45%, surplus is a water.
Workpiece grinding on MA6025 type universal cutter grinder, this lathe grinding wheel speed 2700rpm, workpiece rotational frequency 170rpm gives hand feed speed 1.5mm/min, and the roughness of surveying, grinding ratio, material removing rate are as shown in table 6:
Table 6 roughness, grinding ratio, material removing rate contrast
Burned work-surface: under identical grinding condition, the maceration emery wheel is comparatively obvious to the grinding condition improvement, and is as shown in Figure 6.
Can find out from experimental result contrast, no matter the maceration emery wheel is from workpiece surface roughness, emery wheel service life, burned work-surface, still to all being superior to plain wheel on the clearance of material.