CN101791502B - Multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device - Google Patents
Multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101791502B CN101791502B CN 200910186725 CN200910186725A CN101791502B CN 101791502 B CN101791502 B CN 101791502B CN 200910186725 CN200910186725 CN 200910186725 CN 200910186725 A CN200910186725 A CN 200910186725A CN 101791502 B CN101791502 B CN 101791502B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device. In the device, a gas-liquid atomization flash mixing jet device is adopted to put a coagulant; a multi-port water sample collector is used for collecting the water quality conditions of all layers of filter water; and a bubble bursting and mud film disturbing device without a filter head is adopted to improve the backwashing effect. The device can be used for carrying out the following experiments: constant speed filter experiments and variable speed filter experiments of flocculation box outlet water, constant speed contact and filter experiments and variable speed contact and filter experiments with drugs put to raw water, contact and filter optimal drug put quantity experiments with drugs putt to raw water, back washing experiments by using water, gas disturbing and water backwashing experiments of a small-resistance system without the filter head, gas disturbing and water backwashing experiments of a large-resistance system without the filter head, gas and water simultaneous backwashing experiments after gas disturbing of the small-resistance system without the filter head and gas and water simultaneous backwashing experiments after gas disturbing of the large-resistance system without the filter head. The invention is suitable for teaching, scientific researches and design and production units to determine the parameters of various types of filtering and backwashing by the experiments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device, belong to teaching, production and the scientific research technical field of Water and Waste Water Engineering.
Background technology
Filtration is the important process of water treatment or advanced treatment of wastewater.Many design parameters in filter tank or production run parameter (lasting or the like like best filtering velocity, optimum filtration cycle, back washing strength, backwash) at present can't be definite fully theoretically, and must lean on experimental study to solve.Therefore, filtration experiment be that teaching is gone up, one of important experimental in the production and in the scientific research.
The most insufficiencies of existing filtration experiment device for example, can only be done the constant speed of sedimentation basin water outlet and filter, and can not do filtration with varying rate, maybe can not do the contact filtration of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; Aspect backwash, can only do water backwashing experiment, and can not do gas, water backwashing or be gas, the water backwashing experiment of band filter at most.Thereby the experimental study of filtration is very limited.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that traditional filtering experiment and backwash experiment exist, design and manufacture a kind of multifunctional filtering experimental provision, can carry out the filtration experiment of various constant speed or speed change, various backwash experiments etc.In teaching, can let the student recognize the mechanism of various filter types and backwash mode, in scientific research and production, can obtain the data of required design or production run through experiment according to various different qualities and environmental condition.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that multifunctional filtering of the present invention and backwashing experimental device are made up of raw water box, filtered water tank, filter post, water pump, spiral-flow type grid flocculation case, quantitative chemical dosing case, gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device, water sampler, no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device etc.Adopt gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device to throw in coagulant in the said device; Adopt many saliva appearance collector of filtering on the post cross-section of river to come the water quality situation of each aspect of acquisition filter water; Adopt the bubble eruption disturbance mud film device of no filter, improve the effect of backwash.
The structure sketch such as the accompanying drawing 1 of this filtration experiment device show.One agitator is housed in the raw water box stirs, evenly constant with the turbidity that guarantees water in experimentation Central Plains.Start water pump, open valve (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (29), all the other valves cut out.Former water mixes the back through gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device (5) and coagulant that dispensing kit (9) flows down and gets into flocculation tanks (10), forms alumen ustum, flows into filter post (6) and carries out the constant speed filtration, and water flows back to filtered water tank through valve (26) after filtering, and accomplishes whole filter process.
It is as shown in Figure 7 to filter being provided with of post filtrate in apparatus of the present invention: the filter column internal diameter is Φ 100mm, filling cobble supporting layer 400mm.The cobble size of each layer is successively from bottom to top: Φ 16～32mm, thick 100mm; Φ 8～16mm, thick 100mm; Φ 4～8mm, thick 100mm; Φ 2～4mm, thick 100mm.Filter material layer on the supporting layer still adopts over general sand filtering material, i.e. d
10=0.55mm, d
80=1.1mm, k
80=2.0mm.Experimental result adopt general supporting layer and sand filter blanket of past to experimentize, so that can be used for the transformation in old filter tank.
Be provided with the gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device of the usefulness that is used to offer medicine in apparatus of the present invention, aerosol flash mixing jet balling iron structure is as shown in Figure 2.The operation principle of gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device: utilize current to form jet through the annular space of reducing pipe outlet trunnion; This place's pressure can be reduced to negative pressure; Bore an aperture at annular space; Air sucks with jet from aperture and mixes the formation aerosol, introduces coagulant to annular space more simultaneously, and coagulant mixes with aerosol again immediately.Its advantage is: (a) aerosol has high positive charge hydroxyl compound and polymer [AL with the coagulant of hydrolysis just
13(OH)
32]
7+Flash mixes, and can greatly improve former hydrocolloid is taken off steady effect.
In order to obtain the water quality condition of filtering layer different aspects, be provided with a plurality of water samplers in apparatus of the present invention.Water sampler is as shown in Figure 3 filter being provided with in the post.Many saliva are installed in 5cm position under the filtering layer face with collector on the wherein whole cross-section of river; In this experimental provision, by 4 long 25mm, the probe tube of internal diameter 6mm; Its sample tap is evenly distributed on the circumference that radius is 32mm and a central sampling dish constitutes; The center drilling diameter of sampling dish is 5mm, and water sample gets into water sampler from each probe tube end openings and sampling disk center mouth, after mixing voluntarily; Flowed out by filter post side sampling house steward, the water sample that collects like this can be represented the average water sample on the whole filter post cross-section of river.As for reaching the water sample on other cross-section of river below the filter post surface 150mm,, only draw sampling and get final product at the filter center because the water quality on the section is more even.
Be provided with no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device in apparatus of the present invention, no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device is provided with like Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6.The principle of no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device: finish when the filtration stage, when preparing to carry out backwash, keep the thick clear water layer of 50mm on the filtering layer surface.The end that gets into the compressed air hose in filter tank seals and bores a diameter is the aperture of 6mm, and covering with the aperture on it is the gauze of 1mm.When compressed air require hour, the air from this aperture flows out forms minute bubbles one by one, its diameter is about 6mm, the air pressure in the bubble equals the extraneous water pressure of bubble, i.e. P
1=P
a+ γ H, H is the depth of water of compressed air hose end in filter post clear water zone in the formula, shows like A in the accompanying drawing 1.When experiment, can see; When air mass flow less; When air bubble gets into sand filter blanket, can not each grains of sand in the whole filtering layer all be suspended in water, and just when air bubble passes from the gap of the grains of sand with the grains of sand to both sides or upwards crowded opening; After bubble passed through, these grains of sand set back again.In the process that bubble rises, because husky particle diameter reduces gradually, add that the mud that dams is more and more, so the volume of air bubble can not expand freely, this just causes the air pressure in the bubble bigger than outer water pressure.When bubble exposed mud film surface, bubble can free wxpansion.Because bubble air pressure is greater than ambient pressure, so bubble generation explosion, so just the mud film is smashed on every side, remains in the thick water layer of filtering layer surface 50mm and becomes muddy water immediately.Subsequently, stop air inlet, begin to use water backwashing.Because the mud film is broken, thereby can save the backwash water amount.
The present invention has carried out improvement and design to spiral-flow type flocculation basin (case), in this flocculation basin, adds grid to improve flocculating effect.Consider to shortening the filter cycle of filter post, let in the current all alumen ustum all get into the filter post, so after flocculation tanks, do not establish settling tank in the experimental provision of the present invention.
Multifunctional filtering of the present invention and backwashing experimental device can carry out following experiment: the constant speed filtration experiment of (1) flocculation tanks water outlet (existing alumen ustum in the water); The filtration with varying rate experiment of (2) flocculation tanks water outlet (existing alumen ustum in the water); (3) the constant speed contact filtration experiment of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; (4) the speed change contact filtration experiment of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; (5) the optimal coagulant dose experiment of the contact filtration of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; (6) test with water backwashing; (7) the gas disturbance water backwashing of the slight drag system of no filter experiment; (8) the gas disturbance water backwashing of the big resistance system of no filter experiment; (9) gas, water backwash simultaneously experiment after the slight drag system gas disturbance of no filter; (10) gas, water backwash simultaneously experiment behind the big resistance system gas disturbance of no filter.
The present invention is that it is that filtration and backwash provide wide research platform, thereby demonstrates the unique premium properties of this device with the beneficial effect that existing filtration experiment device technique is compared.For example what coagulant gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device can save, and the optimal coagulant dose of little flocculation contact filtration be the research that experimentizes of what, the filtration with varying rate filtration water yield that what can increase than the constant speed filtration or the like a problem device all capable of using.These results of study have huge economic benefit.In addition, when gas, water backwashing, filter plate and filter that need not be at present general, and replace with supporting layer and the terminal aperture of compressed air hose, can save investment for the transformation in old filter tank.
The present invention is applicable to the usefulness of school's water supply and drainage laboratory teaching, is applicable to that also R&D institution or designing unit confirm the usefulness of the parameter of various filtrations and backwash by experiment, can water-supply plant or the Sewage Plant of advanced treating confirm the usefulness of production run parameter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for filtering and the backwashing experimental device process chart
Fig. 2 is an aerosol flash mixing jet balling iron sketch map
Fig. 3 is a water sampler placement location sketch map
Fig. 4 amplifies the appearance vertical view for water sampler
Fig. 5 is no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device placement location sketch map
Fig. 6 is no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device vertical view
Fig. 7 is recoil filter wash rod structure sketch map
Picture in picture number is: (1) raw water box; (2) filtered water tank (filter rear water box); (3) water pump; (4) water ga(u)ge; (5) gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device; (6) filter post; (7) filtration with varying rate overflow pipe; (8) backwash overflow pipe; (9) quantitative chemical dosing case; (10) network flocculation tanks; (11) air compressor; (12) throughput meter; (13) compressed air hose; (14) tank; (15) blow-down pipe; (16) backwash tube; (21)--(34) valve;
(61) sample tap; (62) water sampler; (63) no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device; (64) flange; (65) filtering layer; (66) connect air compressor machine; (67) clear water zone; (68) water level; (69) fine sand layer;
(101) nozzle; (102) gas-liquid mixed chamber; (103) air inlet; (104) coagulant administration pipe; (105) air and coagulant; (106) pending water; (107) added the water outlet of coagulant.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment of the invention multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device are as shown in Figure 1.This device is made up of raw water box (1), filtered water tank (2), filter post (6), water pump (3), network flocculation tanks (10), quantitative chemical dosing case (9), gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device (5), water sampler (62), no filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device (63) and valve (21-34) etc.
It is as shown in Figure 7 to filter post (6) in the embodiment of the invention device, and filter post (6) internal diameter is Φ 100mm, filling cobble supporting layer 400mm, and the cobble size of each layer is successively from bottom to top: Φ 16～32mm, thick 100mm; Φ 8～16mm, thick 100mm; Φ 4～8mm, thick 100mm; Φ 2～4mm, thick 100mm.Filter material layer on the supporting layer still adopts over general sand filtering material, i.e. d
10=0.55mm, d
80=1.1mm, k
80=2.0mm.Experimental result adopt general supporting layer and sand filter blanket of past to experimentize, so that can be used for the transformation in old filter tank.Filter course 700mm above supporting layer, on different filter post aspects, be provided with therebetween 9 water samplers (1`, 2`, 3` ...), collect the water quality information data of filtering each aspect of post.
Adopt aerosol flash mixing jet balling iron to throw in coagulant in the embodiment of the invention device, guarantee that coagulant is even, reach coagulation effect.
No filter bubble eruption disturbance mud film device structure is adopted in the filter post bottom of embodiment of the invention device, to significantly reduce the water consumption of backwash.
According to the device of the embodiment of the invention, can carry out following experiment, various experiment flow steps are following:
The constant speed filtration experiment of (a) flocculation tanks water outlet (existing alumen ustum in the water): start water pump, open valve (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (29), all the other valves cut out.Former water mixes the back through gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device (5) and coagulant that dispensing kit flows down and gets into flocculation tanks (10), forms alumen ustum, and inflow is filtered post (6) and carried out the constant speed filtration.Filter back water flows back to filtered water tank through valve (26).
The filtration with varying rate experiment of (b) flocculation tanks water outlet (existing alumen ustum in the water): strengthen pump capacity, increase valve (27), [all the other valve opening and closings and operation are with (a)] carries out filtration with varying rate, and the water yield of hyperfiltration post filtering velocity is flowed away by the filtration with varying rate overflow pipe.
(c) the constant speed contact filtration experiment of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing: shut off valve (24), (25), (27); Open valve (21), (22), (23), (26), (28), (29); The back gets into former water filters post and carry out little flocculation contact filtration with coagulant mixes through gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device (5), and water flows back to filtered water tank through valve (26) after filtering.
(d) the speed change contact filtration experiment of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing: strengthen pump capacity, open valve (27), [all the other valve opening and closings and operation are with (c)] carries out little flocculation speed change contact filtration experiment.
(e) optimal coagulant dose of the contact filtration of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing experiment: valve opening and closing and operation be with (c), the open degree of control valve (23), and the change consuming amount of concrete is measured the filtered water quality at thickness of filter bed 15cm place, the dosage when confirming filtered water quality the best.
(f) test with water backwashing: open valve (29), (30), (31), (32), close all the other valves, start water pump, use filter back water backwashing.Sewage flows away through the backwash overflow pipe.
(g) the gas disturbance water backwashing of the slight drag system of no filter experiment: open valve (33), close all the other valves, start air compressor, with the bubble eruption disturbance filtering layer surface mud film of no filter, subsequently, valve opening and closing and operation are with (f).
(h) the gas disturbance water backwashing of the big resistance system of no filter experiment: shut off valve (33), open valve (34), all the other valve opening and closings and operation are with (g).
(i) gas, water backwash simultaneously experiment after the slight drag system gas disturbance of no filter: shut off valve (34), open valve (33), with the bubble eruption disturbance filtering layer surface mud film of no filter; Switch on the pump subsequently, open valve (21), (29), (31), (32), carry out gas, water backwash simultaneously with water before the filter; Then; Valve (30) is opened in shut off valve (21), (33), with filter back water filtering layer is carried out rinsing.
(j) gas, water backwash simultaneously experiment behind the big resistance system gas disturbance of no filter: shut off valve (33), open valve (34), all the other valve opening and closings and operation are with (i).
Claims (1)
1. multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device comprise raw water box, filtered water tank, filter post, water pump, spiral-flow type grid flocculation case, quantitative chemical dosing case, it is characterized in that, also adopt gas-liquid atomizing flash mixing jet device to throw in coagulant in the said device; Be employed in many saliva appearance collector that filter on the post cross-section of river at the 5cm place under the filtering layer face and come the water quality situation of acquisition filter water in this aspect; Adopt the bubble eruption disturbance mud film device of no filter, improve the effect of backwash;
Said device can carry out following experiment: the constant speed filtration experiment of the flocculation tanks water outlet of existing alumen ustum in (1) water; (2) filtration with varying rate of the flocculation tanks water outlet of existing alumen ustum experiment in the water; (3) the constant speed contact filtration experiment of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; (4) the speed change contact filtration experiment of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; (5) the optimal coagulant dose experiment of the contact filtration of Xiang Yuanshui dispensing; (6) test with water backwashing; (7) the gas disturbance water backwashing of the slight drag system of no filter experiment; (8) the gas disturbance water backwashing of the big resistance system of no filter experiment; (9) gas, water backwash simultaneously experiment after the slight drag system gas disturbance of no filter; (10) gas, water backwash simultaneously experiment behind the big resistance system gas disturbance of no filter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910186725 CN101791502B (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910186725 CN101791502B (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Multifunctional filtering and backwashing experimental device |
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| CN101791502A CN101791502A (en) | 2010-08-04 |
| CN101791502B true CN101791502B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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Granted publication date: 20120620 Termination date: 20131217 |