CN101790416B - Process and plant for the thermal treatment of fine-grained solids - Google Patents

Process and plant for the thermal treatment of fine-grained solids Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101790416B
CN101790416B CN200880104729.6A CN200880104729A CN101790416B CN 101790416 B CN101790416 B CN 101790416B CN 200880104729 A CN200880104729 A CN 200880104729A CN 101790416 B CN101790416 B CN 101790416B
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gas
supply pipe
gas supply
reactor
temperature
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CN101790416A (en
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M·米萨拉
E·加萨菲
J·C·海因
A·奥尔特
J-P·内佩尔
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Metso Outotec Oyj
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Outokumpu Technology Oyj
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1836—Heating and cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1845—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with particles moving upwards while fluidised
    • B01J8/1863—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with particles moving upwards while fluidised followed by a downward movement outside the reactor and subsequently re-entering it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00176—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles outside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00327—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00336—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
    • B01J2208/00353—Non-cryogenic fluids
    • B01J2208/00371—Non-cryogenic fluids gaseous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00752—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00761—Discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/10002—Treatment devices for the fluidizing gas, e.g. cooling, filtering

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for the chemical and/or physical treatment of fluidizable substances in a reactor (1,1'), wherein fuel and combustion air preferably are supplied to a combustion chamber (4) upstream of the reactor and burnt at a temperature of about 1000 DEG C to about 1500 DEG C. The hot gas is introduced into the reactor interior (2) via a central tube (3). The hot gas andthe central tube (3) are cooled with a coolant. Furthermore, this invention relates to a plant for performing such process.

Description

The method and apparatus that is used for thermal treatment of fine-grained solids
Technical field
The present invention relates at reactor (particularly fluidized-bed reactor) but in the method for chemistry and/or physical treatment fluidisation material, in fluidized-bed reactor, by gas supply pipe hot gas is incorporated into inside reactor, described hot gas is the waste gas of the combustion chamber of reactor upstream particularly, and fuel and combustion air are at 1000-1500 ℃ temperature combustion in described combustion chamber.In addition, the present invention relates to the equipment of heat treatment granular solids.
Background technology
From the known aforesaid method of DE 102 60 741 A1 and corresponding equipment, wherein the about 1130 ℃ hot gas of temperature generates and is supplied to reactor in the combustion chamber of reactor upstream.Then this hot gas can be cooled to about 750 ℃ at inside reactor, for example by contacting and/or cool off by mixing with fluidizing gas than solidifiable substance with to be processed.Yet hot gas enters reactor with relatively high temperature and contact pending solid in described reactor, and on the one hand, this may cause hot-spot, on the other hand, also the member of reactor is produced the large stress.
Known from EP 0 630 683B1 in addition, hot gas is incorporated in the reactor, wherein hot gas is cooled off by the solid particles of inside reactor.In addition, can in reactor, provide the cooling panel.
In some applications, for example when the calcination clay, the temperature of inside reactor should be above 700 ℃.Therefore, for example for said method, in this application, but when the pending obvious hotter waste gas of combustion chamber of fluidisation material contact, have problems.Therefore, for this application such as calcined clay, conventional cheap fuel such as natural gas, oil or coal are directly burnt in reactor.Therefore, fuel such as the butane of only lighting at lower temperature is used in the inner directly burning of space reactor.Yet, be relatively costly at this fuel of lower temperature combustion.
In other was used, hot gas was produced and is used for the downstream process part in hot as far as possible, in order to heat is incorporated in these process portion.
In addition, wherein with temperature be 500-1600 ℃, particularly 1000-1500 ℃ hot gas to be incorporated into the said equipment production cost of inside reactor expensive, because the waste gas of combustion chamber or must be made by heat proof material from the gas supply pipe that the waste gas of other technique will pass through, for example resistant to elevated temperatures steel.Because the large temperature difference with respect to other parts of equipment also high thermal stress may occur.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide aforesaid method and apparatus, but it uses cheap fuel or hot waste gas and while leniently to process the fluidisation material in reactor, the load that wherein acts on reactor or member is limited all the time.
According to the present invention, this purpose is solved basically by a kind of method, in this method with gas and/or gas supply pipe coolant cools, so that the temperature of the wall of gas supply pipe is than low at least 50 ℃ of the gas temperature of the gas supply pipe porch that deviates from inside reactor.In other words, gas and/or gas supply pipe coolant cools, but so that the fluidisation material in the reactor fully heated, but the member of reactor does not bear excessive heat and mechanical load.Therefore, by filling cooling agent for gas supply pipe, although the gas temperature in the gas supply pipe is very high, gas supply pipe still can use the material of less expensive, because lower to the heat-resisting requirement of gas supply pipe.Because cooling, the wall of gas supply pipe have significantly lower temperature, particularly the gas than gas supply pipe porch is low at least about 100 ℃, preferably low about 150 ℃, so this favourable effect can further be enhanced.Yet by means of cooling, the gas in the gas supply pipe itself is cooled hardly, and the gas major part in the reactor-side exit of the gas supply pipe only gas than the porch is low less than 200 ℃, and is preferred low less than 100 ℃.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, in cooling procedure, cooling agent can not directly contact the gas in the gas supply pipe.This can use cooling agent with the cooling performance of optimum, and need not the interaction of the pending material in consideration and hot gas (for example waste gas of combustion chamber) and/or the reactor.
Therefore, for example water can be used as cooling agent.In order to simplify the structure of cooling device, the temperature of preferred water is up to about 100 ℃, in order to there is not obvious pressure to gather.Yet in principle, withstand voltage cooling device also is possible, will be used for refrigerating gas supply pipe and/or waste gas from vapour system or from the water of upstream region in this cooling device.Yet, when cooling hot gas and/or gas supply pipe, because little heat exchange surface is only arranged partly, so vapour system also only has little heat gain.But this cooling effect is enough to the protective gas supply pipe and avoids being damaged and avoiding standing excessive heat load.
Selectively, heat-transfer oil or other cooling agent also are possible certainly, preferably it are advantageously used in the other parts of equipment, for example, are used for other material of heating or as the secondary loop of heat recovery.
Preferably, make cooling agent pass through in gas supply pipe inside and/or the outside forms annular and/or spiral helicine cooling channel.Therefore, not only the wall of the gas in the gas supply pipe but also particularly gas supply pipe can be cooled to such degree, thereby so that gas supply pipe need not to use expensive exotic material.
In special embodiment, the material of gas supply pipe comprises radiant reflective material or has reflectance coating, and tinplate for example is in order to reduce by radiation heating.
According to another embodiment of the invention, in cooling procedure, cooling agent direct contact heat gas.Such purpose is to make hot gas stream away from the gas supply pipe wall by cooling agent supply selective and metering.
Minimize fully mixing of should making that hot gas (for example waste gas of combustion chamber) and cooling agent obtain and can realize more efficient cooling to the gas of gas supply pipe edge.Therefore, gas is overall to enter reactor with the temperature that slightly reduces usually, but the temperature of gas supply pipe edge is more much lower than the gas mean temperature of gas supply pipe porch.
According to development of the present invention, provide cooling agent is incorporated in the gas supply pipe and/or with a part of reactor of gas supply pipe adjacency in, and mix with hot gas there.Therefore, can be for example from perforated pipe, film and/or by orifice plate cooling agent be incorporated into gas supply pipe or the reactor.This allows the even cooling of gas supply pipe and the thermograde of thermal stress do not occur producing.Carry out the supply of cooling agent so that in gas supply pipe, only with gas occur minimum mutual the mixing, and basically form the boundary layer of cold cooling agent in the inside of gas supply pipe.
Cooling agent is being incorporated in the gas supply pipe so that form at least partly when sealing the coolant layer of gas, gas supply pipe can be separated by the special gas that effectively passes through with high temperature.Preferably, cooling agent flows or flows along the cooling device that arranges in gas supply pipe along the inwall of gas supply pipe, forms thus colder gas bed course between hot gas and gas supply pipe.
In another embodiment of the invention, for example by orifice plate cooling agent is incorporated in the gas supply pipe, in orifice plate, the aperture is distributed in around the supply pipe.Preferably, thus these apertures form so that cooling agent tangentially enters gas supply pipe like this.In this case, form extraordinary and little cooling agent rete around the supply tube wall.
As the cooling agent that also may contact gas, preferred environment for use air.Yet, any other gas can be used for this purpose, for example, derive from the waste gas through supercooling and purification of other technique or operation stage.Especially, operable gas be have very full-bodied gas or must be in addition for the gas that is applied in fluidized-bed reactor, react.According to the present invention, for example the cooling agent of refrigerating gas has quite low temperature, is preferably between about 0-400 ℃, particularly preferably is lower than 200 ℃.
In another embodiment, cooling agent is delivered to the inwall of gas supply pipe with liquid even solid form, then there preferably evaporation or distillation of cooling agent, thus form gas bed course or liquid level, come the inwall of protective gas supply pipe to avoid being heated.Water is useful especially cooling agent herein.In another embodiment, this liquid or solid cooling agent is introduced in gas flow, for example, and as drop or fine particle.
According to the present invention, the hot gas that is incorporated in the reactor by gas supply pipe can from another technique, for example also come from heat exchanger.In this case, the gas in the gas supply pipe has about 600-1000 ℃ temperature.In reactor, can carry out internal combustion, but because the caused heat load of gas of supply, must the refrigerating gas supply pipe.Temperature according to gas in the gas supply pipe, can also use the so not heat-resisting and material of less expensive thus far away, the highest 600 ℃, preferred the highest 500 ℃ heat-resisting, the highest only 450 ℃ steel (for example, boiler plate, H2 steel) particularly preferably for example.
As by directly burning or heat the replacement scheme of pending material by supply from the hot gas of another technique in reactor, the waste gas of the combustion chamber of reactor upstream can also be offered reactor as hot gas, wherein in the combustion chamber at about 1000-about 1500 ℃ temperature combustion fuel and combustion air.This causes extra high temperature in the gas supply pipe, need especially effectively to cool off and/or use heat-resisting material, but the present invention is separated the burning in the combustion chamber and the mass treatment in reactor, also can use cheap fuel.Therefore, because the cooling of insertion type, can also use natural gas, oil or coal and living beings or refuse to act as a fuel, obvious higher firing temperature or the ignition temperature of for example 500-700 ℃ temperature of required or expectation processed in described fuel requirement than inside reactor.
In technique of the present invention, can also use the grey fuel of product to act as a fuel, wherein can between combustion chamber and fluidized-bed reactor, provide gas purification.Burning can for example be carried out in the level rotary flow device, and the ash of fuel is separated from hot waste gas and precipitated in this level rotary flow device (cyclone).This allow to use cheap and the available fuel in locality.
The needs of pending material are also depended in the selection of fuel.Aspect free from foreign meter, do not have the material of requirements at the higher level to come calcination with containing grey fuel, and must keep material (for example, white paper wadding) free from foreign meter to process with ash free fuel.
Another selection of heatable substance is to use the waste gas body, for example from the waste gas body of electric furnace.In this case, hot gas has 1000 ℃-1900 ℃ temperature.
According to one embodiment of the invention, reactor is fluidized-bed reactor, forms annularly fixing fluid bed in this reactor around gas supply pipe.In this case, can make gas as cooling agent by being arranged on the cooling tube around the gas supply pipe and can being directed into subsequently in the gas distributor that is arranged under fixed fluidized bed so that refrigerating gas can be used as fluidizing gas by tuyere bottom be introduced in fixed fluidized bed in.In order to keep the inside reactor temperature within the optimum temperature range for the treatment of material, for example in the situation of clay burning, keep below about 700 ℃, preferably according to the supply of the hot gas in the temperature in reactor control and/or the adjustments of gas supply pipe.
The objective of the invention is further to solve by the equipment that is used for thermal treatment of granular solids, described equipment comprises fluidized-bed reactor and gas supply pipe, solid is introduced in the described fluidized-bed reactor by the solid feed path and therein about 300 ℃-Yue 1200 ℃, preferred about 500 ℃-Yue 700 ℃ fully heat treatment of temperature, described gas supply pipe be used for the supply process gas and from the below basically central opening to fluidized-bed reactor.Preferably, in the upstream of fluidized-bed reactor the combustion chamber is set, in described combustion chamber fuel for example 1000-1500 ℃ temperature combustion and be connected with fluidized-bed reactor by gas supply pipe.According to the present invention, the for example cooling channel of annular that is used for refrigerating gas supply pipe and process gas is connected in gas supply pipe at least in part, described gas supply pipe is connected with coolant source, is used for supply temperature and is lower than about 400 ℃, particularly is lower than about 100 ℃ cooling agent.The flow cross-section of cooling channel (flowcross-section) is preferably less than the flow cross-section of gas supply pipe, so that cooling agent is consumingly by gas supply pipe or process gas heating.Because equipment of the present invention has the structure of cooling channel, gas supply pipe can use for example ordinary steel, and its heat resistance is up to about 800 ℃, preferably only up to about 700 ℃, particularly preferably is up to about 650 ℃ (for example 16Mo3 steel).Therefore can avoid using chrome-nickel steel expensive, highly heat-resistant.Simultaneously, can keep low inside reactor temperature, and need not to abandon using the cheap fuel of high ignition temperature more and/or ignition temperature.
In another embodiment of the invention, equipment comprises electric furnace, and the waste gas of electric furnace is offered reactor, the preferred streams fluidized bed reactor, and at least a portion with this waste gas in this fluidized-bed reactor is processed solid.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, the gas supply pipe of fluidized-bed reactor is centered on by fixing fluid bed ring-type, and this equipment is included in the gas distributor that fixing fluid bed arranges below, and fluidizing gas is incorporated into the fixing fluid bed by tuyere bottom from described gas distributor.Above gas supply pipe and fixing fluid bed, can provide the turbulent flow mixing chamber to come abundant hybrid solid.Cooling channel of the present invention consists of the annular space between gas distributor and the gas supply pipe at least in part, and wherein cooling channel is connected in the gas distributor that forms below fluidized-bed reactor fixed fluidized bed.Therefore, can come fluidisation fixed fluidized bed with the gaseous coolant that flows through cooling channel, and will be incorporated into the reactor from the heat that gas supply pipe is dispersed.By means of structure of the present invention, because cooling channel consists of the annular space between gas distributor and the gas supply pipe, therefore in cooling channel, realize the flow velocity that raises, in order to realize gas supply pipe or flow through the more effective cooling of the gas of gas supply pipe.
According to development of the present invention, a plurality of outlet openings during the cooling channel that provides comprises around circumferential distribution and opening to gas distributor.Perhaps, cooling channel also might comprise form around its peripheral annular, the outlet opening of opening in the gas distributor.At least one outlet opening can opening to the gas distributor that is arranged under the tuyere bottom.
According to another embodiment of the invention, equipment of the present invention comprises cooling tube in gas supply pipe, so that form the cooling channel of annular between gas supply pipe and cooling tube.Therefore, gas supply pipe within it section by the coolant cools that in the cooling channel of annular, flows.
Particularly preferably, the outlet opening that arranges in cooling tube is used for cooling channel is connected with inside reactor or with gas supply pipe is inner.Like this, the coolant layer that can form the waste gas body of sealing the combustion chamber and flow along the inwall of gas supply pipe or cooling tube, it prevents that as air cushion gas supply pipe or cooling tube are overheated.
When fluidized-bed reactor consists of the venturi reactor, cooling tube with the outlet opening that is used for making cooling channel and is connected with inside reactor can opening to flared part.Preferably, the part of the cooling tube of abutting gas supply pipe is parallel to the bottom extension of the same enlarging of reactor substantially.Like this, not only can the refrigerating gas supply pipe, and bottom that can cooling reactor.
Can realize especially effectively cooling off as cooling agent by making water.Preferably, on gas supply pipe inboard or the outside, cooling channel is set at least in part, cooling channel with comprise temperature be up to about 100 ℃, be connected as the coolant source of the water of cooling agent.Cooling channel can form for example spiral and extend around gas supply pipe with the form of cooling coil.
For Additional Protection gas supply pipe material is avoided the excessive thermic load that caused by the waste gas of combustion chamber body, the wall bone (studding) of being made by (gunned) concrete or some other heat insulating coatings that is fit to of spray repair can be set in the gas supply pipe inboard.Therefore, even the temperature of the waste gas body of combustion chamber is 1300 ℃ or higher, also can make the load minimizes of gas supply pipe.
Preferably, in equipment of the present invention, for the combustion chamber connects gas purifying equipment.The combustion chamber can consist of the cyclone of level.
In addition, the present invention relates to for example in the gas supply pipe of aforesaid equipment or method, use the application of the material of low heat resistant.
Description of drawings
Below by embodiment and be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings the present invention.Describe and/or illustrational all features all itself or form in any combination theme of the present invention, and comprise in the claims with them or their Hui Yinzhong irrelevant.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the equipment of the first embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 2 shows the amplification diagram of the details of equipment shown in Figure 1,
Fig. 3 shows the details of the equipment of the second embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 4 shows the device specifics of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 4 a is the cutaway view along the line A-A among Fig. 4,
Fig. 5 shows the details of the equipment of the 4th embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 6 shows the details of the equipment of the 5th embodiment of the present invention, and
Fig. 7 shows the details of the equipment of another embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
The equipment that is used for thermal treatment of granular solids (for example clay burning) shown in Fig. 1 comprises fluidized-bed reactor 1, and solid carries out chemistry and/or physical treatment at this inside reactor 2.
Gas supply pipe (central tube) 3 openings that are connected with combustion chamber 4 are in inside reactor 2.Shown in the arrow among Fig. 1, be combustion chamber fuel supplying and gas.Being heated to the waste gas body that is up to 1500 ℃ of temperature in combustion process enters the inside reactor 2 by gas supply pipe 3 from the combustion chamber.
In reactor 1, tuyere bottom 5 is provided, it is connected in gas distributor 6.Fluidizing gas is introduced in the gas distributor 6 by path 7, arrives reactor 1 by tuyere bottom 5.Above tuyere bottom 5, gas supply pipe 3 is centered on by the fixed fluidized bed of annular, and it is mixed with fluidizing gas.In addition, schematically illustrated recirculation cyclone 8 in Fig. 1, the solid of wherein discharging from reactor 1 separates with the waste gas body of reactor 1 and might can be recycled to the reactor 1.
Gas distributor 6 and being formed among Fig. 2 of gas supply pipe 3 of equipment shown in Fig. 1 at length illustrate.Gas supply pipe 3 is partly centered on by cooling tube 9, so that form the cooling channel 10 of annular between gas supply pipe 3 outsides and cooling tube 9 inboards.For example the cooling agent of surrounding air passes through cooling channel 10, thus the wall of refrigerating gas supply pipe 3, and also cool off thus the waste gas body from combustion chamber 4 that passes through gas supply pipe 3.As shown in Figure 2, cooling tube is included near tuyere bottom 5 a plurality of outlet openings 11 around peripheral distribution, and its opening is in gas distributor 6.Thus, can be used as extra fluidizing gas as the surrounding air of cooling agent is introduced in the inside reactor 2.With wherein that cooling agent is opposite with respect to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 of gas supply pipe cocurrent flow introducing, also might adverse current introduce cooling agent.The introducing of cooling agent can be arranged so that a part that extend into the gas supply pipe in the reactor at first is cooled, and cooling agent is turned to, so that adverse current flows downward downwards.
Another embodiment of the invention has been shown among Fig. 3, and wherein the member identical with above-mentioned embodiment represents with identical figure notation.
In this embodiment, cooling tube 9 also is to arrange annularly around center gas supply pipe 3, so that form the cooling channel 10 of annular between gas supply pipe 3 and cooling tube 9.Gas supply pipe 3 partly is provided with outlet opening 12, so that flow through the inside that the cooling agent of annular cooling channel 10 can enter center gas supply pipe 3.Like this, cooling agent can form the coolant layer that flows along the inner surface of gas supply pipe 3, and the material of protective gas supply pipe 3 is avoided the high heat that is difficult to bear thus.
Fig. 4 and 4a show the replacement scheme of the embodiment of Fig. 3, wherein only provide some outlet openings 12 ' at one or two horizontal plane around gas supply pipe 3.These outlet openings 12 are arranged so that preferably cooling agent tangentially enters gas supply pipe 3.
In the embodiment of Fig. 5, reactor 1 ' has consisted of the venturi reactor.The cooling tube 9 that provides in center gas supply pipe 3 inside reaches in the lower area of inclination of reactor 1 ' and is the same as with this zone funnelform substantially.In the funnel-like part of cooling tube 9, form a plurality of outlet openings 12, so that for example the cooling agent of surrounding air can enter the inside 2 of reactor 1 '.Yet, as selection, also might cooling agent be incorporated in the fluidized-bed reactor of venturi or annular, but be used for the other parts of technique, for example as the preheated air that is used for the combustion chamber.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 6 has the structure similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3.Yet formed spiral helicine cooling channel 13 in the outside of center gas supply pipe 3, as the water of cooling agent by described spiral helicine cooling channel 13.Opposite with above-mentioned embodiment, cooling channel 13 is arranged so that the water that is directed into wherein can not enter center gas supply pipe 3 or enter inside reactor 2.
In the described embodiment of Fig. 7 corresponding to the embodiment of Fig. 6 substantially, so-called wall bone 14 additionally is provided on the inboard of center gas supply pipe 3, namely have concrete coating or some other heat insulating coatings that is fit to of spray repair.Like this, the center gas supply pipe separates by wall bone 14 and inside and cools off from the outside by cooling channel 13.
By means of aforesaid cooling to center gas supply pipe 3, realized being cooled off significantly from about 1000-1500 ℃ temperature from the waste gas body of combustion chamber 4, so that the solid that the waste gas body will be processed in reactor 1 is heated to the about 700 ℃ temperature of about 500-.
Embodiment 1
In reactor shown in Figure 1, temperature is that 1000 ℃ gas enters gas supply pipe.Be 100 ℃ refrigerating gas (using nitrogen herein as inert gas) by supply temperature, the wall of gas supply pipe is cooled to about 600 ℃.Simultaneously, the gas temperature in the gas supply pipe is cooled to about 950 ℃.
Embodiment 2
In reactor shown in Figure 5, temperature is that 850 ℃ gas is introduced in the gas supply pipe.Be 30 ℃ refrigerating gas (herein for air) by supply temperature, the wall of gas supply pipe is cooled to about 650 ℃.Thereby can omit the bricking of wall or not use high temperature resistant stainless steel.
Embodiment 3
In the reactor shown in Fig. 4 and the 4a, be that about 1400 ℃ hot gas is introduced in the gas supply pipe from the temperature of electric furnace.Be that about 100 ℃ refrigerating gas is incorporated in the gas supply pipe 3 by opening 12 tangent lines with temperature, so that form little refrigerating gas film around the wall of gas supply pipe 3.The temperature of the wall of gas supply pipe 3 never surpasses 650 ℃, and gas enters fluidized-bed reactor with the temperature above 1000 ℃.Like this, can be in fluidized-bed reactor under about 900-1100 ℃ temperature preheating and/or pre-reduced iron ore.
The figure notation tabulation:
1 fluidized-bed reactor
1 ' venturi reactor
2 inside reactors
3 gas supply pipes (central tube)
4 combustion chambers
5 tuyere bottom
6 gas distributors
7 paths
8 recirculation cyclones
9 cooling tubes
10 cooling channels
11 outlet openings
12,12 ' outlet opening
13 cooling channels
14 wall bones

Claims (27)

1. at reactor (1,1 ') method of chemistry and/or the fluidisable material of physical treatment in, hot gas is incorporated in the inside reactor (2) by gas supply pipe (3) in this fluidized-bed reactor, wherein gas and/or gas supply pipe (3) are used coolant cools, it is characterized in that, in cooling procedure, cooling agent direct contact heat gas is so that the temperature of the wall of gas supply pipe is than low at least 50 ℃ of the gas temperature of the porch of the gas supply pipe that deviates from inside reactor (3).
2. according to claim 1 method is characterized in that, the temperature of the wall of gas supply pipe (3) is than low at least 100 ℃ of the gas temperature of the porch of gas supply pipe (3).
3. according to claim 2 method is characterized in that, the temperature of the wall of gas supply pipe (3) is than low at least 150 ℃ of the gas temperature of the porch of gas supply pipe (3).
4. according to claim 1 method is characterized in that, temperature is up to 100 ℃ water as cooling agent.
5. according to claim 1 method is characterized in that, cooling agent be incorporated into gas supply pipe (3) and/or with the part of the reactor (1,1 ') of gas supply pipe (3) adjacency in, and mix with hot gas there.
6. according to claim 5 method is characterized in that cooling agent is introduced from perforated pipe (9) and/or by orifice plate.
7. according to claim 1 method is characterized in that cooling agent is introduced in the gas supply pipe (3), so that form at least in part the coolant layer of sealing hot gas and flowing along the inwall of gas supply pipe (3).
8. each method is characterized in that according to claim 5-7, and the cooling agent tangent line enters gas supply pipe (3).
9. according to claim 1 method is characterized in that, surrounding air is as cooling agent.
10. according to claim 1 method, it is characterized in that, fuel and combustion air are fed in the combustion chamber (4) of reactor (1) upstream, and at 1000-1500 ℃ temperature combustion, and the waste gas body of combustion chamber (4) offered reactor (1) as hot gas by gas supply pipe (3).
11. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at reactor (1,1 ') in, form annularly fixing fluid bed around gas supply pipe (3), wherein the gas process as cooling agent centers on the cooling tube (9) that gas supply pipe (3) arranges, and is directed into subsequently in the gas distributor (6) that is arranged under the fixing fluid bed, and is incorporated in the fixing fluid bed by tuyere bottom (5) as fluidizing gas.
12. each method is characterized in that according to claim 10 or in 11, controls the amount of waste gas body of the combustion chamber as hot gas (4) of supply according to the temperature in the reactor (1,1 ').
13. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, produces grey fuel as fuel, and provide gas purification between combustion chamber (4) and reactor (1,1 ').
14. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that hot gas produces in electric furnace, and temperature is 1000-1900 ℃.
15. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in reactor (1,1 ') 900-1100 ℃ Temperature Treatment fluidized mass.
16. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reactor is fluidized-bed reactor.
17. be used for the equipment that each method of the aforementioned claim of executive basis is come chemical and/or physical treatment granular solids, comprise by the solid feed path and solid is incorporated into the fluidized-bed reactor (1 of processing wherein and therein solid, 1 '), this fluidized-bed reactor is with gas supply pipe (3), this gas supply pipe be used for from bottom supply process gas and basically opening placed in the middle to fluidized-bed reactor (1,1 ') in, the cooling channel (10 that wherein is used for the annular of refrigerating gas supply pipe (3) and process gas, 13) link with gas supply pipe (3) at least in part, it is characterized in that, described cooling channel is connected in the coolant source that is lower than 400 ℃ cooling agent for supply temperature, cooling tube (9) is set in gas supply pipe (3), so that between gas supply pipe (3) and cooling tube (9), form the cooling channel (10) of annular, in cooling tube (9), set out oral pore (12), be used for cooling channel (10) is connected in inside reactor (2).
18. equipment according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described coolant source supply temperature is lower than 100 ℃ cooling agent.
19. equipment according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, the gas supply pipe (3) of fluidized-bed reactor (1) is centered on by fixing fluid bed ring-type, comprise the gas distributor (6) that is arranged on below the fixing fluid bed, fluidizing gas is introduced in the fixing fluid bed by tuyere bottom (5) from described gas distributor (6), and the turbulent flow mixing chamber (2) that is used for violent hybrid solid that comprises the fluid bed top that is arranged on gas supply pipe (3) and fixes, wherein cooling channel (10) consists of the annular space between gas distributor (6) and the gas supply pipe (3) at least in part, and wherein cooling channel (10) is connected in the gas distributor (6) that forms in the fixing fluid bed below of fluidized-bed reactor (1).
20. equipment according to claim 19 is characterized in that, cooling channel (10) comprises a plurality of outlet openings (11) around peripheral distribution, and described outlet opening opening is in gas distributor (6).
21. each equipment is characterized in that according to claim 19 or in 20, in the gas distributor (6) of outlet opening (11) opening under the tuyere bottom (5).
22. equipment according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, fluidized-bed reactor consists of venturi reactor (1 '), wherein cooling tube (10) to flared part, is arranged essentially parallel to the enlarging of reactor (1 ') bottom extension with the cooling tube of gas supply pipe (3) adjacency with the outlet opening opening that is used for cooling channel (10) is connected with inside reactor (2).
23. equipment according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, on the inboard of gas supply pipe (3) or the outside, cooling channel (13) is set at least in part, this cooling channel be connected in comprise as cooling agent, temperature is up to the coolant source of 100 ℃ water.
24. equipment according to claim 23 is characterized in that, described cooling channel (13) is spiralization.
25. equipment according to claim 17 is characterized in that, in the inboard of gas supply pipe (3) the wall bone (14) of being made by the concrete of spray repair is set.
26. equipment according to claim 17 is characterized in that, a gas purifying equipment is connected in combustion chamber (4).
27. equipment according to claim 17 is characterized in that, the wall material of gas supply pipe (3) has the heat resistance of 650 ℃ of temperature of being up to.
CN200880104729.6A 2007-08-31 2008-08-28 Process and plant for the thermal treatment of fine-grained solids Expired - Fee Related CN101790416B (en)

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US20140348713A1 (en) 2014-11-27

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