CN101789735B - Integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of permanent magnet brushless motor - Google Patents
Integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of permanent magnet brushless motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101789735B CN101789735B CN2010101310651A CN201010131065A CN101789735B CN 101789735 B CN101789735 B CN 101789735B CN 2010101310651 A CN2010101310651 A CN 2010101310651A CN 201010131065 A CN201010131065 A CN 201010131065A CN 101789735 B CN101789735 B CN 101789735B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a permanent magnet brushless motor, in particular to an integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of a permanent magnet brushless speed-regulation motor, which is characterized in that a stator axially moves relative to a rotor so as to regulate the main flux of an air gap, and the process is automatically carried out by means of a centrifugal mechanism with specific functional relation, and the structure is integrated. The permanent magnet brushless motor is driven to rotate by a controller; a rotating-speed induction magnetism-regulating mechanism comprises a centrifugal mechanism and a flux shunt; the centrifugal mechanism generates the centrifugal force F omega=rmomega2, which is transferred to the Z direction and turned to Fz; the Fz leads the permanent magnet rotor to move axially, and the rotor and the stator are gradually staggered at a certain position delta z, so that a magnetic circuit is changed, one part of the flux phi d is shunted by the flux shunt, and the flux phi m passing through a winding is reduced; as a result, the output torque T of the motor is reduced at the same time as the rotating speed omega is increased, and the power (P=T*omega) is remained unchanged, so as to realize the characteristic of speed regulation of the permanent magnet motor at constant power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to permanent magnetic brushless, specifically a kind of integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of permanent magnetic brushless.
Background technology
In prior art and the product, the motor that is used for electric motor car mainly contains induction machine (IM), and permanent magnetic brushless (PM) and switched reluctance machines (SRM) are with respect to induction machine and switched reluctance machines.Wherein permanent magnet motor structure is compact, and volume is little, and power is big, and efficient is high, technology maturation, so prior electric bicycle and portable electric motorcycle have nearly all adopted permanent magnetic brushless.
But this motor be difficult to adjust motor magnetic flux, so the total power speed adjustable range is narrow owing to use permanent magnet excitation, needs the more power deposit for the applying working condition excursion of reality, and this is very uneconomic, referring to seeing Fig. 1.
A-b-c is the magneto characteristic curve among the figure, and a-b-d-e is desirable vehicle power characteristic curve, and leading portion a-b is for waiting moment of torsion section, and the b-d-e section is the constant power section, is hyperbola P=Tm * ω.The product of each point coordinates is exactly power P=Tm * ω on the curve, equals the next area in a left side.Visible among the figure, the velocity interval of magneto is very narrow, speed ratio ω
2/ ω
1Low, than reference speed ω
1Height not what, and speed when increasing power sharply descend.And Ideal Characteristics is a speed ratio is basic fast ω
1More than 2 times or more.ω among the figure
2The maximum speed of at the uniform velocity going when being the corresponding moment of resistance.If the characteristic that therefore can make motor is near the ideal power characteristic, under the situation that then power of motor is constant, speed can reach basic fast ω
12 times or more.
In order to address this problem, people have attempted many methods, and so far, know mainly contains following 3 types for the method for head it off:
1, conventional method.Through the deficiency that the mechanical type gear remedies motor is set in addition, though can make car load meet the requirements of operational effect, this pure mechanical means; Motor does not have variation, does not have innovation yet, owing to must keep gearbox, clutch etc.; Brake, isolator etc., complex structure, cost is high.
2, weak magnetic control system technology.Through in controller with program command control electrical power phase place (vector control), improve rotating speed of motor thereby the mode with main flux magnetic-field component in the opposite direction of producing weakens main flux φ, because rotating speed of motor is inversely proportional to magnetic flux.This technology is current focus, is used for the embedded brushless, permanently synchronous machine of magnetic pole more, and it is relatively poor to be used for common non-salient pole permanent magnet brushless electric machine effect.
3, the method for composite rotors and change magnetic flux path (correlation data " permanent magnet synchronous motor weak magnetism speed expansion overview " Li Chunyan behind ginseng part this paper, Kou Baoquan, Cheng Shukang.Middle figure classification number: TM341 Document code: A article numbering: 1004-7018 (2008}01-0058-03)
Said method respectively has characteristics, and reality also all using, all has deficiency.
Summary of the invention
Be to overcome the deficiency of prior art order of the present invention; Propose a kind of method of new adjustment magneto magnetic flux, it neither need increase gearbox, clutch etc., does not also need complicated control and expensive power electronic switching; Be different from composite rotors again; Only increase several machine components, just can realize the continuous increment speed governing of self adaptation, realize good drive characteristic at motor internal.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, design a kind of integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of brushless, permanently buncher, at first comprise rotor and stator; The controller that it is characterized in that the brushless, permanently buncher is accepted operational order and is produced voltage and the 3 drive current output of confirming mutually, drives the rotor rotation, because the electric machine rotor structure is fixed with winding; The output state of motor is also confirmed; Rotational speed omega ∝ 1/ φ wherein, torque T ∝ φ, power P
2=T * ω, behind the electric motor starting, the angular acceleration that speed is pressed d ω/dt=(Tm-Tr)/J rises, and J is the moment of inertia of system.
The second, it is a centrifugal mechanism and a flux shunt device that rotating speed induction magnetic regulation mechanism is arranged, centrifugal force F
ω=rm ω
2, direction is for radially outward; This centrifugal force by magnetic regulation mechanism transfer to Z to, become Fz=f (ω), Fz acts on rotor and moves axially p-m rotor, makes rotor and the stator certain position Δ z that progressively staggers, and causes magnetic circuit to constitute and changes a part of magnetic flux φ
dBy the shunting of flux shunt device, pass the magnetic flux φ of winding
mReduce, back-emf subtracts E=k
Eφ
mω reduces, and effectively potential difference Δ U=U-E increases, and rotational speed omega rises thereupon, φ
mCan cause torque T to descend power P simultaneously though reduce
2=T * ω remains unchanged, and the magneto rotating speed is improved greatly.Particularly, behind the electric motor starting, rotor (6,7,8 form) under the electromagnetic force effect rotation and drive motor shaft 1, flux shunt device 2, roller 9, roll conductor 10 and rotate synchronously, roller receives the effect of centrifugal force F ω, power value F ω=Rm ω
2And direction is outside; Wherein R is the radius of roller place instantaneous position cylindrical coordinates, and the quality of m roller is because the effect on thrust collar 13 inclined-planes; Produce z to component Fz=cos (α), make F ω on a certain rotating speed can and spring 3 active force Kz=-ρ Z be equilibrated at a certain position Z each other; Wherein ρ is the characteristic coefficient of spring, and raceway 3 is designed to piecewise function, and low speed segment such as is at a torque characteristics, and Fz is less than pre-pressure of the spring, and rotor does not have axial displacement, and rotating speed, moment of torsion, power increase with input electric energy EI, up to rated operation point; Continue it, roller begins to cross flex point, gets into weak magnetism speed expansion section function characteristic, and the shunting magnetic flux improves rotating speed.
Described brushless, permanently buncher is made up of motor, centrifugal mechanism and flux shunt device, and described motor stator is made up of winding 4, stator core 5, lead, is provided with the rotor and the speed-limiting device 14 of motor in the middle of the motor shaft; Rotor is made up of rotor field spider 8, rotor core 6 and permanent magnet 7, and rotor field spider connects with the spline mode with motor shaft, both can rotate with the axis; Can move axially again, end face of rotor field spider is designed with some raceways 13, and the shape of raceway contact-making surface is with the functional relation of change in rotational speed for expection; One end of motor shaft connects flux shunt device 2, rotates synchronously with rotor, is provided with spring 3 between magnetic flux and the rotor; The motor shaft other end connects thrust collar 10; Thrust collar is a conical surface disk, and the disk inner surface is with forming several radially-arranged type spaces of carving between the raceway 13, and the centre is provided with centrifugal roller 9.
Described flux shunt device is the cylinder type object made from permeability magnetic material, and it can carry out bypass to moving the rotor flux come, thereby makes in the air gap original magnetic flux or main flux that passes winding shunted weakening.
Described centrifugal mechanism can will be converted into the power that moves axially the rotor field from speed and the centrifugal force that rotor obtains, and makes rotor displacement amount (quantity of flux shunt) with the functional relation of rotation speed change for expection.
Described limiter of speed 14 decision rotor maximum displacements, the restriction maximum speed.
The present invention compared with prior art; Be incorporate on the structure, centrifugal mechanism and flux shunt device are laid in the ingenious original motor inner space that utilizes, compact conformation, simple; Sturdy and durable; Reliable operation is specially adapted to the non-salient pole permanent magnet rotor that magnet surface is installed, and electric bicycle and battery-operated motor cycle generally use this rotor.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is the comparison diagram of desirable dynamic characteristics and existing permanent magnetic brushless characteristic.
Fig. 2 is a system principle diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a practical implementation illustration of the present invention.
Appointment Fig. 4 is a Figure of abstract
1 motor shaft among the figure, 2 flux shunt devices, 3 springs, 4 windings, 5 stator cores, 6 rotor cores, 7 permanent magnets, 8 rotor field spiders, 9 rollers, 10 thrust collars, 11 bearings, 12 casings, 13 raceways, 14 speed-limiting devices
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified, the manufacturing technology of this device is very clearly concerning this professional people.
Referring to Fig. 1, a-b-c is the magneto characteristic curve among the figure, and a-b-d-e is desirable vehicle power characteristic curve, and leading portion a-b is for waiting moment of torsion section, and the b-d-e section is the constant power section, is hyperbola P=Tm * ω.The product of each point coordinates is exactly power P=Tm * ω on the curve, equals the next area in a left side.Visible among the figure, the velocity interval of magneto is very narrow, speed ratio ω
2/ ω
1Low, than reference speed ω
1Height not what, and speed when increasing power sharply descend.And Ideal Characteristics is a speed ratio is basic fast ω
1More than 2 times or more.ω among the figure
2The maximum speed of at the uniform velocity going when being the corresponding moment of resistance.If the characteristic that therefore can make motor is near the ideal power characteristic, under the situation that then power of motor is constant, speed can reach basic fast ω
12 times or more.
Referring to Fig. 2, the course of work is following:
Controller is accepted voltage and the 3 drive current output mutually that operational order produce to be confirmed, drives the rotor rotation, because the electric machine rotor structure fixes with winding, the output state of motor also confirms, rotational speed omega ∝ 1/ φ wherein, torque T ∝ φ, power P
2=T * ω.Behind the electric motor starting, speed is by the angular acceleration rising (J is the moment of inertia of system) of d ω/dt=(Tm-Tr)/J.Rotating speed induction magnetic regulation mechanism is a centrifugal mechanism and a flux shunt device.Centrifugal force F
ω=rm ω
2, direction is for radially outward; This centrifugal force by magnetic regulation mechanism transfer to Z to, become Fz=f (ω), Fz acts on rotor and moves axially p-m rotor, makes rotor and the stator certain position Δ z that progressively staggers, and causes magnetic circuit to constitute and changes a part of magnetic flux φ
dBy the shunting of flux shunt device, pass the magnetic flux φ of winding
mReduce, back-emf subtracts E=k
Eφ
mω reduces, and effectively potential difference Δ U=U-E increases, and rotating speed rises thereupon, though moment of torsion descends simultaneously, power remains unchanged, and the magneto rotating speed is improved greatly.
Annotate: F is a magnetomotive force, k
EBe back emf coefficient, U is given voltage, and change in torque is relevant with the magnetic flux direct ratio.
Referring to Fig. 3, be divided into two halves up and down, represent lower-speed state above, rotor moves, and magnetic flux is big, the output high pulling torque, the expression rotor moves below, and flux shunt is weak magnetic state, exports at a high speed, and moment of torsion is less.
Referring to Fig. 4, motor shaft 1 links to each other with casing 12 through bearing 11, and the rotor of motor is set in the middle of all rotating parts of support motor, motor shaft, and rotor is made up of rotor field spider 8, rotor core 6 and permanent magnet 7; The rotor field spider right side is provided with some raceways 13; Rotor field spider connects with the spline mode with motor shaft, rotates synchronously with motor shaft, and can move axially; The left end of motor shaft connects flux shunt device 2, and the flux shunt device is the cylinder type object made from permeability magnetic material, and its left end bottom is connected with motor shaft, rotation synchronously; Spring 3 is set between flux shunt device and rotor field spider; The motor shaft right-hand member connects thrust collar 10, and thrust collar is a conical surface disk, and the disk inner surface forms the big outer little type of carving space in several, the middle roller 9 of placing with 13 of the raceways of support 8.In addition, the stator of motor is made up of winding 4, stator core 5, lead etc., and iron core is connected on the casing 12.14 position-limiting actions of back-up ring prevent driving on the axle.
Behind the electric motor starting, rotor (6,7,8 form) under the electromagnetic force effect rotation and drive motor shaft 1, flux shunt device 2, roller 9, roll conductor 10 and rotate synchronously.Roller receives the effect of centrifugal force F ω, power value F ω=Rm ω
2And direction is outside, and wherein R is the radius of roller place instantaneous position cylindrical coordinates, the quality of m roller.Because the effect on thrust collar 13 inclined-planes produces z to component Fz=cos (α), through design, can make F ω on a certain rotating speed can and spring 3 active force Kz=-ρ Z be equilibrated at a certain position Z each other.Wherein ρ is the characteristic coefficient of spring.Raceway 3 is designed to piecewise function, and low speed segment such as is at a torque characteristics, and Fz is less than pre-pressure of the spring, and rotor does not have axial displacement, and rotating speed, moment of torsion, power increase with input electric energy EI, up to rated operation point; Continue it, roller begins to cross flex point, gets into weak magnetism speed expansion section function characteristic, and the shunting magnetic flux improves rotating speed.
Integrated self-adaptive flux shunt rotating speed extended method key structure comprises a centrifugal mechanism and flux shunt device.Its function is to change magnetic circuit according to rotation speed change, air-gap flux is shunted weakened main flux, and rotating speed is improved.This is the existing unexistent mechanism of permanent magnetic brushless.
Claims (2)
1. the integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of a brushless, permanently buncher comprises rotor and stator, and said stator is made up of winding (4), stator core (5), lead; Said rotor is made up of rotor field spider (8), rotor core (6), permanent magnet (7), and rotor field spider connects with spline side with motor shaft, rotates synchronously with motor shaft; And can move axially, end face of rotor field spider is designed with some raceways (13), and an end of motor shaft connects flux shunt device (2); Rotate synchronously with rotor; Spring (3) is set between flux shunt device (2) and rotor field spider, and the motor shaft other end connects thrust collar (10), and thrust collar is a conical surface disk; Form several radially-arranged type spaces of carving between the same raceway of conical surface disk inner surface (13), the centre is provided with roller (9); The controller of permanent magnetic brushless accept that operational order produce to confirm voltage and three-phase drive electric current; The rotation of driving rotor; Because electric machine rotor structure and winding are fixing, the output state of motor is also confirmed, its rotational angular ω and the useful flux φ that passes winding
mBe inversely proportional to torque T
mWith useful flux φ
mBe directly proportional power P=T
m* ω, behind the electric motor starting, angular velocity omega is pressed d ω/dt=(T
m-T
rThe angular acceleration of)/J rises, wherein T
rBe the running resistance square, J is the moment of inertia of system;
Rotor rotates under the electromagnetic force effect and drives the rotation synchronously of motor shaft (1), flux shunt device (2), roller (9), thrust collar (10), and roller receives centrifugal force F
ωEffect, power value F
ω=Rm ω
2, direction is for radially outward, and wherein radius R is the vertical range of roller place instantaneous position and motor shaft, and m is the quality of roller, owing to the effect on thrust collar (10) inclined-plane, produces the component F of axial Z direction
z=f (ω); F
zAct on rotor and move axially rotor, make rotor and the stator certain position Δ Z that progressively staggers, up to F
zThe active force Kz=-ρ Z of ability and spring (3) is equilibrated at a certain axial location Z each other on a certain rotating speed; Wherein ρ is the characteristic coefficient of spring; Rotor moves and causes magnetic structure to change: move the partial-length entering flux shunt device that the back rotor is equivalent to Δ Z, this a part of magnetic flux φ
dBy flux shunt device shunting, make useful flux φ
mCorresponding minimizing, back-emf subtracts E=k
Eφ
mω reduces, and effectively potential difference Δ U=U-E increases, and rotational speed omega rises thereupon, though moment of torsion descends simultaneously, power remains unchanged, and described motor speed is improved;
The shape of raceway (13) contact-making surface is a piecewise function with change in rotational speed, and low speed segment such as is at a torque characteristics, F
zLess than pre-pressure of the spring, rotor does not have axial displacement, and rotating speed, moment of torsion, power increase with input electric energy UI, up to rated operation point; Continue it, roller begins to cross flex point, gets into weak magnetism speed expansion end function characteristic, and the shunting magnetic flux improves rotating speed.
2. the integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of a kind of brushless, permanently buncher according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described flux shunt device (2) is the cylindrical shaped body made from permeability magnetic material; It can carry out bypass to moving the rotor flux come, thereby makes in the air gap original magnetic flux that passes winding shunted weakening.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101310651A CN101789735B (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2010-03-23 | Integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of permanent magnet brushless motor |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101310651A CN101789735B (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2010-03-23 | Integrated self-adaptive flux shunt speed multiplying method of permanent magnet brushless motor |
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| CN101789735A CN101789735A (en) | 2010-07-28 |
| CN101789735B true CN101789735B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102064657B (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-08-22 | 杨荷 | Permanent-magnet variable-speed hub motor with complementing excitation rotor |
| CN108574385A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-25 | 赵文忠 | The motor configuration of the length of magnetic path can effectively be changed |
| CN108418374B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-07-05 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of grid shape weak-magnetic speed-regulating permanent magnetic synchronous motor structure |
| US10944302B2 (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2021-03-09 | Williams International Co., L.L.C. | Permanent-magnet generator incorporating a variable-reluctance stator system |
| CN112523952B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-02-08 | 诸暨和创电机科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet wind driven generator with torque gradient adjustment function |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1437314A (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-20 | 许俊甫 | Rotation speed raising device for permanent magnetic motor |
| CN1956317A (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-02 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Field weakening vector controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor and module |
| CN1964179A (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-16 | 上海浩控信息技术有限公司 | A control method and device for permanently magnetic brushless motor |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6888280B2 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2005-05-03 | Jean-Yves Dubé | High performance brushless motor and drive for an electrical vehicle motorization |
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2010
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1437314A (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-20 | 许俊甫 | Rotation speed raising device for permanent magnetic motor |
| CN1956317A (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-02 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Field weakening vector controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor and module |
| CN1964179A (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-16 | 上海浩控信息技术有限公司 | A control method and device for permanently magnetic brushless motor |
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