CN101787898A - Coal and gas outburst forecasting method - Google Patents
Coal and gas outburst forecasting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal and gas outburst forecasting method which comprises the following steps that: (1) a geometric model is built; (2) material parameters, initial values and boundary conditions of an area to be tested are given; (3) a theoretical model is built; (4) the material parameters, the initial values and the boundary conditions are substituted into the theoretical model to calculate the coal and gas outbursts in the area to be tested; (5) the coal and gas outbursts calculated in step (4) is marked to generate a cloud atlas; and (6) according to the number of the coal and gas outburst marks of the area to be tested in the cloud atlas, whether the area has coal and gas outbursts is judged. The coal and gas outburst forecasting method of the invention first builds the theoretical model for judging the outbursts, and then adopts a finite element technique to calculate, to realize the forecasting of the coal and gas outbursts. The forecasting method of the invention is based on the complete theoretical model, realizes the coal and gas outburst forecasting by numerical calculation, is easy to operate in actual situations, and can greatly reduce the engineering cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the outstanding method of a kind of forecasting coal and gas.
Background technology
Coal and gas are outstanding, are one of industrial hazards the most serious under the coal mine, the occurrence frequency height, and the number of casualties is many.High gas of China and coal and gas outburst mine account for more than 50%, are one of coal and gas the most serious outstanding country takes place in the world, and the outstanding number of times of accumulative total accounts for the world's four one-tenth of outstanding number of times always.Above-mentioned situation shows that research and realization coal and the outstanding forecast of gas to ensureing Safety of Coal Mine Production, guarantee that particularly miner's life security has crucial meaning.
The outstanding forecast of existing coal and gas all is to analyze the desorption quantity of gas and the parameters such as solid coefficient of coal, and judge gas is outstanding according to engineering experience, above-mentioned determination methods is influenced greatly by human factor, and not taking all factors into consideration influences each outstanding parameter of coal and gas to the outstanding result's influence of actual coal and gas, has directly influenced the forecast result that coal and gas are given prominence to.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of take all factors into consideration judge that whether coal and gas give prominence to contingent method after the factors such as geostatic stress, gas and coal and rock.
For achieving the above object, the forecasting procedure that coal of the present invention and gas are outstanding, concrete steps are as follows:
1) sets up geometrical model according to zone to be measured;
2) material parameter in given zone to be measured, initial value and fringe conditions;
3) according to solid deformation equation and the viscosity gas flow equation model that theorizes;
4), calculate coal and gas outburst point in the zone to be measured in initial value and the fringe conditions substitution theoretical model with material parameter;
5) generate cloud atlas behind coal that step 4) is calculated and the gas outburst point mark;
6) according to regional coal to be measured and gas outburst point mark in the cloud atlas how much to judge whether this zone coal and gas take place outstanding.
Further, described geometrical model is meant the shape and the size in zone to be measured.
Further, described material parameter refers to nonuniformity coefficient, coal body poisson's ratio, rock mass poisson's ratio, transmission coefficient and the gas density of coal body modulus of elasticity average, coal body modulus of elasticity minimum value, elastic modulus of rock average, elastic modulus of rock minimum value, tensile strength average, tensile strength minimum value, shear strength average, shear strength minimum value, modulus of elasticity and intensity.
Further, described initial condition is the initial pressure of gas, and described fringe conditions is relevant with described geometrical model.
Further, regional coal to be measured and gas outburst point utilize Finite Element Method establishment numerical computations program to calculate in the step 4).
Further, the concrete steps of calculating regional coal to be measured and gas outburst point in the step 4) are: according to described theoretical model, input material parameter, initial value and fringe conditions calculate effective stress, judge according to failure criterion whether coal and rock is destroyed afterwards; After coal and rock reached failure condition, permeability increased, and modulus of elasticity reduces, and this obviously descends gas pressure, and the destroyed area of coal and rock continues expansion, up to gas pressure gradient deficiency so that till coal and rock destroys, according to formula
In the formula,
Be the gas pressure gradient, divide the characteristic dimension of grid when Δ x is calculating, σ
tBe the tensile strength of coal and rock, χ is an empirical coefficient, judges whether the coal body failure zone efflorescence takes place, and gives prominence to gas if efflorescence takes place then should the zone coal takes place.
Further, the failure criterion of described coal and rock comprises shear failure criterion and tensile failure criterion.
Further, the cloud atlas that generates in the described step 5) is the cloud atlas in a certain cross section in the region geometry model to be measured.
The forecasting procedure that coal of the present invention and gas are outstanding is at first set up the theoretical model of judging outburst hazard, adopts finite element technique to calculate afterwards, realizes the forecast that coal and gas are outstanding.Forecasting procedure of the present invention as the basis, realizes coal and gas outstanding forecast by numerical computations with complete theoretical model, operation easily in practice, and can reduce engineering cost greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the outstanding forecasting procedure of coal of the present invention and gas;
Fig. 2 is the calculation flow chart according to the numerical computations program of theoretical model;
Fig. 3 is a geometrical model of taking off the crossdrift numerical simulation;
Fig. 4 is a damage envelope when taking off crossdrift;
A damage envelope when Fig. 5 blows out driving for coal road;
Fig. 6 is the outstanding analogue experiment installation schematic diagram of one dimension;
Fig. 7 is the geometrical model of the outstanding simulation of one dimension;
Fig. 8 is the outstanding permanent steady gas pressure spatial distribution map that advances of one dimension;
Fig. 9 is the outstanding permanent steady destruction front rate curve that advances of one dimension.
The specific embodiment
The workflow of the forecasting procedure that coal of the present invention and gas are outstanding as shown in Figure 1,
(1) theoretical model
The present invention adopts gas-solid Coupling Model Research coal and rock to destroy, thereby outburst hazard is made judgement.Coal and rock is obeyed the solid deformation equation, and gas is obeyed the viscosity gas flow equation.At present, have two kinds of methods to describe the gas-solid coupling, a kind of method is divided the space of each phase with porosity, with the interaction of interaction phase power reflection two-phase; Another kind method is only described each motion mutually respectively as ground, and solid is adopted the effective stress notion, and gas is adopted apparent seepage velocity notion, contains interaction.The present invention adopts second method.
The fundamental equation of describing gas seepage flow is:
The Darcy law:
I, j=1,2,3
Equation of continuity:
I=1,2,3
Isothermy:
In the formula, v
iBe seepage velocity, η is a coefficient of viscosity, k
IjBe permeability, p is a gas pressure, and φ is the porosity of coal and rock, and ρ is a gas density, ρ
aBe the gas density under the standard state, p
aBe atmospheric pressure, G is the gas source.
Carry out simultaneous according to these three equations, in conjunction with concrete first boundary value condition, can be in the hope of the gas pressure distribution p.
The fundamental equation of describing the gassiness coal and rock is:
Effective stress expression formula: σ '
Ij=σ
Ij-α δ
IjP i, j=1,2,3
Constitutive relation expression formula: σ '
Ij=λ ε
Vδ
Ij+ 2 μ ε
IjI, j=1,2,3
The geometrical relationship expression formula:
I, j=1,2,3
The equilibrium relation expression formula:
In the formula, σ '
IjBe effective stress, σ
IjBe total stress, α=1.0 are the effective stress coefficient, and δ is the Kronic function, and p is a gas pressure, ε
VBe volumetric strain, ε
IjBe strain, u
iBe displacement, F
iBe body force (being gravity in this patent) that λ, μ are the Lame coefficient, expression formula is:
Wherein E is a modulus of elasticity, and v is a poisson's ratio.
According to this four equations and concrete fringe conditions, can be in the hope of effective stress σ '
Ij, judge the destruction of coal and rock afterwards according to failure criterion.
In order to make forecasting procedure more near actual, the present invention has also introduced the thin sight heterogeneity of coal rock medium, and modulus of elasticity, the intensity of promptly carefully seeing urstoff is the stochastic variable of obeying Weibull distribution.Its distribution density function is expressed as
In the formula, x is the parameter of expression coal petrography mechanical property, and γ is the minimum value of x, η
wBe the nondimensionalization characteristic value of x, m is the nonuniformity coefficient of reflection Weibull distribution random scatter degree.
Gu flow the calculating that is coupled of-two needs.The coal and rock distortion causes material damage, changes permeability, porosity and the modulus of elasticity of coal and rock, the gas pressure redistribution.And the gas pressure of redistribution can influence the balance and the distortion of coal and rock.
The failure criterion of coal and rock
Shear failure criterion expression formula: | τ
P|+ξ σ
P-τ
s〉=0
Be the stress state of material when satisfying this and concerning, material destroys.In the formula, τ
P, σ
P(σ
PTo draw to just) be respectively shearing stress and normal stress on the sloping section, ξ is a friction factor, τ
sBe intrinsic shear strength.
Tensile failure criterion expression formula:
σ
1≥σ
t
Be the stress state of material when satisfying this and concerning, material destroys.In the formula, σ
1Be major principal stress (to draw to just), σ
tTensile strength for material.
After coal and rock reached failure condition, permeability increased, and modulus of elasticity reduces, and this obviously descends gas pressure, and the destroyed area of coal and rock continues expansion, up to gas pressure gradient deficiency so that till coal and rock destroys.In the zone of take place destroying, part coal and rock generation powder phenomenon-tion is arranged, to the processing method in efflorescence zone be, if satisfy condition:
In the formula,
Be the gas pressure gradient, divide the characteristic dimension of grid when Δ x is calculating, σ
tBe the tensile strength of coal and rock, χ is an empirical coefficient, and gas pressure continues to descend so:
In the formula, p
PBe the gas pressure after the efflorescence, p
FBe the gas pressure of destroyed area, γ is an empirical coefficient.
Adopt such method, the gas pressure after can the efflorescence of approximate simulation coal seam distributes.(2) according to theoretical model, establishment numerical computations program is analyzed the evolution in failure zone, coal seam and efflorescence district, when destroyed area formation connected region, and powder phenomenon-tion takes place in destroyed area, and it is outstanding to illustrate that gas takes place in meeting.
Below by actual conditions and simulated experiment forecasting procedure of the present invention is specifically described:
Embodiment 1: judge and take off the step whether crossdrift gives prominence to
(1) geometrical model of crossdrift is taken off in foundation, and model and size are as shown in Figure 3.
(2) material parameter of given coal seam and rock stratum.
Coal body modulus of elasticity average E=1.0 * 10
9Pa, coal body modulus of elasticity minimum value E=1.0 * 10
8Pa
Elastic modulus of rock average E=1.0 * 10
10Pa, elastic modulus of rock minimum value E=1.0 * 10
9Pa
Tensile strength average σ
t=0.6 * 10
6Pa, tensile strength minimum value σ
t=0.6 * 10
5Pa,
Shear strength average σ
t=2.0 * 10
7Pa, shear strength minimum value σ
t=2.0 * 10
6Pa
The nonuniformity coefficient m=10 of modulus of elasticity and intensity
Coal body poisson's ratio v=0.25, rock mass poisson's ratio v=0.25
Osmotic coefficient k
0=7.62 * 10
-15m
2,
The gas density p
a=0.8kg/m
3
(3) given initial value and fringe conditions.
The gas initial pressure is 1.22MPa, and six faces of geometrical model remain this pressure, and four faces and the crossdrift of rock gangway are atmospheric pressure.Simultaneously, on six faces, add the normal direction displacement that is equivalent to 200 meters degree of depth of below ground.
(4),, geometrical model is divided into 46300 hexahedral elements, 50528 nodes with Finite Element Method establishment numerical computations program according to theoretical model.The operation calculation procedure, wherein the flow process of calculation procedure as shown in Figure 2.
(5) result of calculation is analyzed, it is outstanding to judge whether can gas to take place.Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional numerical value analog result of taking off crossdrift coal seam destroyed area, demonstration be sectional drawing along the tunnel median plane.When flag is the tensile failure district greater than+1 the time, be the shear failure district less than-1 o'clock.According to the theoretical model that this patent is set up, every | the zone of joining together of flag| 〉=1 may be given prominence to, and need take certain engineering measure.
Embodiment 2: judge that coal road blows out the driving step of whether giving prominence to
Coal road is blown out the outstanding difference of driving and the judgement coal of taking off crossdrift and gas and is that calculating parameter is different with first fringe conditions, and all the other are identical with step in the enforcement 1.
Coal road blow out the driving numerical simulation calculating parameter be:
Coal body modulus of elasticity average E=1.0 * 10
9Pa, coal body modulus of elasticity minimum value E=1.0 * 10
8Pa
Elastic modulus of rock average E=1.0 * 10
10Pa, elastic modulus of rock minimum value E=1.0 * 10
9Pa
Tensile strength average σ
t=0.8 * 10
6Pa, tensile strength minimum value σ
t=0.8 * 10
5Pa,
Shear strength average σ
t=3.0 * 10
7Pa, shear strength minimum value σ
t=3.0 * 10
6Pa
The nonuniformity coefficient m=10 of modulus of elasticity and intensity, osmotic coefficient k
0=7.62 * 10
-15m
2,
The gas density p
a=0.8kg/m
3
Gas initial pressure p
0Be 1.22MPa, on six faces of geometrical model, add the displacement boundary conditions that is equivalent to 137 meters degree of depth of below ground.Geometrical model is divided into 56460 hexahedral elements altogether, 62374 nodes.
The three-dimensional numerical value analog result of coal seam destroyed area when Fig. 5 tunnels for coal road.
Embodiment 3: outstanding permanent steady propelling of one dimension gas
The outstanding analogue experiment installation of a large amount of one dimension coals and gas has been done as shown in Figure 6 by Inst. of Mechanics, CAS during 1985 to 1996, understood the outstanding fundamemtal phenomena of coal and gas.In the experiment, the coal sample is pressed in the pipe, pipe is separated into high pressure gas district and normal atmospheric pressure area with aluminium foil.After aluminium foil breaks, observe the outstanding situation of coal sample.
The geometrical model that present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are to set up, calculating parameter and just, fringe conditions is different, all the other are identical with embodiment 1 step.
To the geometrical model of the outstanding permanent steady numerical simulation that advances of one dimension gas as shown in Figure 7: the numerical computations parameter is:
Modulus of elasticity average E=1.0 * 10
8Pa, modulus of elasticity minimum value E=1.0 * 10
7Pa
Tensile strength average σ
t=8.0 * 10
3Pa, tensile strength minimum value σ
t=8.0 * 10
2Pa
The nonuniformity coefficient m=20 of modulus of elasticity and tensile strength
Coal body poisson's ratio v=0.25, rock mass poisson's ratio v=0.25
Osmotic coefficient k
0=7.62 * 10
-13m
2, the gas density p
a=0.8kg/m
3, tube wall frictional force τ
0=0.021MPa
Gas initial pressure p
0=59.3kPa
Geometrical model is divided into 2600 hexahedral elements altogether, 5859 nodes.
According to The results of numerical simulation, obtain the pressure distribution of seepage field, as shown in Figure 8.
Like this, permanent steady the propelling just can realize, trend is as shown in Figure 9 over time for the speed of destruction front.
The numerical results is consistent with outstanding ripple fltting speed w=5～6m/s that experiment records.
Embodiment 4: the numerical simulation of one dimension slabbing
The condition of present embodiment and embodiment 3 are similar, and different is that gas pressure is lower.
The parameter of numerical computations is:
Modulus of elasticity average E=1.0 * 10
8Pa, modulus of elasticity minimum value E=1.0 * 10
7Pa,
Tensile strength average σ
t=8.0 * 10
3Pa, tensile strength minimum value σ
t=8.0 * 10
2Pa,
The nonuniformity coefficient m=20 of modulus of elasticity and tensile strength
Coal body poisson's ratio v=0.25, rock mass poisson's ratio v=0.25
Osmotic coefficient k
0=7.62 * 10
-13m
2, the gas density p
a=0.8kg/m
3, tube wall frictional force τ
0=0.028MPa
Gas initial pressure p
0Be respectively 26.8kPa, 31.8kPa, 33.2kPa, 39.0kPa, 45.3kPa, 50.0kPa, 54.8kPa, 57.1kPa.
Geometrical model is divided into 2600 hexahedral elements altogether, 5859 nodes.
Simulation slabbing phenomenon comprises four aspects: 1. slabbing occurs behind the rupture of membranes; Stop when 2. slabbing develops into certain thickness; 3. slabbing is according to certain speed expanded; 4. sliver has certain thickness and number.
It is better that numerical simulation and experimental result meet.
It is to be noted and any distortion of making according to the specific embodiment of the present invention all do not break away from the scope that spirit of the present invention and claim are put down in writing.
Claims (8)
1. the outstanding forecasting procedure of coal and gas, concrete steps are as follows:
1) sets up geometrical model according to zone to be measured;
2) material parameter in given zone to be measured, initial value and fringe conditions;
3) according to solid deformation equation and the viscosity gas flow equation model that theorizes;
4), calculate coal and gas outburst point in the zone to be measured in initial value and the fringe conditions substitution theoretical model with material parameter;
5) generate cloud atlas behind coal that step 4) is calculated and the gas outburst point mark;
6) according to regional coal to be measured and gas outburst point mark in the cloud atlas how much to judge whether this zone coal and gas take place outstanding.
2. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 1 and gas are outstanding is characterized in that described geometrical model is meant the shape and the size in zone to be measured.
3. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 1 and gas are outstanding, it is characterized in that described material parameter refers to nonuniformity coefficient, coal body poisson's ratio, rock mass poisson's ratio, transmission coefficient and the gas density of coal body modulus of elasticity average, coal body modulus of elasticity minimum value, elastic modulus of rock average, elastic modulus of rock minimum value, tensile strength average, tensile strength minimum value, shear strength average, shear strength minimum value, modulus of elasticity and intensity.
4. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 1 and gas are outstanding is characterized in that described initial condition is the initial pressure of gas, and described fringe conditions is relevant with described geometrical model.
5. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 1 and gas are outstanding is characterized in that, regional coal to be measured and gas outburst point utilize Finite Element Method establishment numerical computations program to calculate in the step 4).
6. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 1 and gas are outstanding, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps of calculating regional coal to be measured and gas outburst point in the step 4) are: according to described theoretical model, input material parameter, initial value and fringe conditions calculate effective stress, judge according to failure criterion whether coal and rock is destroyed afterwards; After coal and rock reached failure condition, permeability increased, and modulus of elasticity reduces, and this obviously descends gas pressure, and the destroyed area of coal and rock continues expansion, up to gas pressure gradient deficiency so that till coal and rock destroys, according to formula
In the formula,
Be the gas pressure gradient, divide the characteristic dimension of grid when Δ x is calculating, σ
tBe the tensile strength of coal and rock, χ is an empirical coefficient, judges whether the coal body failure zone efflorescence takes place, and gives prominence to gas if efflorescence takes place then should the zone coal takes place.
7. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 6 and gas are outstanding is characterized in that the failure criterion of described coal and rock comprises shear failure criterion and tensile failure criterion.
8. the forecasting procedure that coal as claimed in claim 1 and gas are outstanding is characterized in that the cloud atlas that generates in the described step 5) is the cloud atlas in a cross section in the region geometry model to be measured.
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| RU2741935C1 (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-01-29 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение Науки Институт Проблем Комплексного Освоения Недр Им. Академика Н.В. Мельникова Российской Академии Наук (Ипкон Ран) | Forecast method of explosive sulfur-containing substances in coal bed |
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