CN101782653B - Method for constructing two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system - Google Patents
Method for constructing two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system, which utilizes a mode combining a two-station synthetic aperture radar system and a line array system to ensure that both a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna employ an array feed mode; during each pulse recurrence interval, only one transmitting line array feed is opened to transmit electromagnetic wave signals, and only one receiving line array feed is opened to receive echo data; both the transmitting line array feeds and the receiving line array feeds are controlled by a control switch, thereby realizing artificial control. A single motivation method is adopted to greatly reduce power consumption and hardware complexity, overcome distance blurring effect and facilitate three-dimensional imaging of viewing scenes. The method has the advantages of simple hardware structure, low power consumption, no array element coupling, small data processing capacity and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the radar imagery technical field, it has been particularly related to the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technical field of imaging.
Background technology
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a kind of high-resolution microwave imaging system, and the relative motion between its dependence radar and the target forms integrated array and obtains horizontal high resolving power, utilizes big bandwidth signal to realize vertical high resolving power.D S AR is based on to add on the vertical basis of tieing up of the horizontal peacekeeping of conventional SAR and cuts horizontal dimension, and it also is to rely on the relative motion between radar and the target to obtain to cut lateral resolution.Three-dimensional imaging is the key character that SAR is different from other remotely sensed image systems.
D S AR has very important effect:
(1) D S AR can be round-the-clock, and round-the-clock carries out accurately image to objective at a distance.
(2) mapping coverage of D S AR is wide, at topographic mapping, and environment measuring, aspects such as hazard forecasting have very important effect.
(3) D S AR system can be used for the military strategy attack hostile target (like aircraft, guided missile, enemy position) is carried out to picture.
It is thus clear that the three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar is not only in microwave imaging, but also in military affairs, civilian field of detecting is being brought into play crucial effect.Therefore, the research to D S AR has significant values.
Related system about D S AR technology mainly comprises interference SAR (being called for short InSAR) system, curve S AR (being called for short CSAR) system and linear array SAR (being called for short LASAR) system at present.The InSAR system is that a kind of two or more observation datas of utilizing the same observation area that antenna obtains in different angles are interfered and the D S AR system of the digital elevation that obtains; But it does not possess third dimension resolution characteristic, and theoretically accurate three-dimensional reconstruction can not be provided.The CSAR system sets a kind of D S AR system of flight path and the re-construct three-dimensional information of motion platform in three dimensions; It possesses third dimension resolution characteristic; Accurate three-dimensional reconstruction ability in theory also can be provided; But it must set the flight path of motion platform in three-dimensional, and the control accuracy of antenna phase center movement locus is lower, and this is a constraint to D S AR system.At present the single linear-array SAR system of research comparative heat is a kind of D S AR system that is fixed on a linear array antenna re-construct three-dimensional information on the aircraft wing; It has overcome the shortcoming of curve S AR; But because the solid line battle array of this system is a full array element excitation battle array; It exists power consumption big, and data processing amount is big, and the inevitable shortcoming of the coupling between the array element; Also have in addition like document Tsz-King Chan; Yasuo Kuga, mentioned in " Experimental studies on circular SAR imaging in clutter using angular correlation function technique " when the image blur problem that exists during less than resolution apart from the difference of history, this system also receives the restriction of imaging landform to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is big for the control accuracy flight path, the power consumption low, that be difficult to obtain any setting that overcome the phase center movement locus of antenna in the existing D S AR system, data processing amount is big, the shortcomings such as coupling between array element; A kind of method that makes up two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system is provided; This system has all advantages of the high advantage of antenna phase center control accuracy and existing two stations three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar; Adopt single energisation mode; Greatly reduce the complexity of power consumption and hardware, overcome the range ambiguity effect, be convenient to realize observing the three-dimensional imaging of scene.
Describe content of the present invention for ease, at first make following term definition:
The two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar is that the emission linear array antenna is fixed on the flat pad; Receiving linear array antenna is fixed on the receiving platform; With synthetic two-dimensional planar array, and a kind of novel polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system that carries out three-dimensional imaging;
Two stations three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar theoretical resolution is meant according to two stations three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system parameter, comprises transmitted signal bandwidth, the ultimate resolution that the three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar of length of synthetic aperture and the decision of linear array antenna length can reach.See document " two stations synthetic aperture radar image-forming principle " for details, Tang Ziyue etc. write, and Science Press publishes;
Back-projection algorithm is based on the synthetic aperture radar image-forming algorithm of matched filtering principle, but the detailed content list of references: " Research on A novel fast back projection algorithm for strip map bistatic SAR imaging ";
Definition 5, transmit/receive antenna phase center track
Transmit/receive antenna phase center track was meant in the different pulse repetition times, and the track that the transmit/receive antenna element position that the two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar is opened is constituted can be regarded as and obey certain distributed random variable;
The system to observation area emission electromagnetic signal that the present synthetic-aperture radar that is meant the synthetic-aperture radar transmitter adopts mainly comprises modules such as signal generator, frequency mixer, amplifier;
The synthetic-aperture radar receiver is meant the system of the reception observation area echo that present synthetic-aperture radar adopts, and mainly comprises frequency mixer, amplifier, A/D converter, memory device etc.
The present invention provides a kind of method that makes up two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system, the step below it adopts:
The linear array transmitter of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system comprises with the lower part: synthetic-aperture radar transmitter, CS, M bar feeder line and a M linear array feedback unit, and wherein, M is a natural number; The size of M is decided by the size of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system pulse repetition rate in a flight aperture; M=v * Na/L, wherein, v is a flying platform speed; Na be the synthetic-aperture radar orientation to sampling number, L is an emission line array antenna length; The linear array transmitter block diagram of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system is shown in accompanying drawing 1, and CS links to each other with the synthetic-aperture radar transmitter, and CS links to each other with M linear array feedback unit through M bar feeder line; The length of emission line array antenna is L; The size of L is determined by the resolution that the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system requires to obtain, L=λ/ρ, wherein; λ is a two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system carrier frequency, and ρ is a systemic resolution.
The structure of step 2, emission line array antenna phase center track
At each slow time n, in the n=1.....N, utilize CS to open some array element in the emission line array antenna, the stochastic variable that makes emission line array antenna phase center track constitute is obeyed evenly and is distributed.
Step 3, emission coefficient make up
Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system emission coefficient is that the linear array transmitter in the step 1 is placed on the flat pad, and the emission line array antenna is placed along Vertical Launch platform motion direction, and flat pad is with permanent vector velocity
Motion, the initialization flying height of flat pad is H
T0The linear array transmitter set by step the emission line array antenna phase center track of the structure in 2 to the continuous electromagnetic signals of mapping scene.Step 4, linear array receiver make up
The linear array receiver of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system comprises with the lower part: synthetic-aperture radar receiver, CS, M bar feeder line and a M linear array feedback unit, and wherein, M is a natural number; The size of M is decided by the size of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system pulse repetition rate in a flight aperture; M=v * Na/L, wherein, v is a flying platform speed; Na be the synthetic-aperture radar orientation to sampling number, L is for receiving linear array antenna length; The linear array receiver block diagram of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system is shown in accompanying drawing 2, and CS links to each other with the synthetic-aperture radar receiver, and CS links to each other with M linear array feedback unit through M bar feeder line; The length that receives linear array antenna is L; The size of L is determined by the resolution that the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system requires to obtain, L=λ/ρ, wherein; λ is a two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system carrier frequency, and ρ is a systemic resolution.
The structure of step 5, reception linear array antenna phase center track
At each slow time n, in the n=1.....N, utilize CS to open and receive some array element in the linear array antenna, make the stochastic variable that receives linear array antenna phase center track formation obey evenly and distribute.
Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system receiving system is that the linear array receiver in the step 4 is placed on the receiving platform, receives linear array antenna and places along the vertical platform motion direction that receives, and receiving platform is with permanent vector velocity
Motion, the initialization flying height of receiving platform is H
R0The linear array receiver mode in 5 set by step receives, stores the echo data that the linear array transmitter is transmitted into after the mapping scene.
Carry out in the three-dimensional imaging process at the two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar; The time-delay of after emission coefficient emission electromagnetic signal, fixing is τ constantly; Open receiving system and receive scene echoes; To realize the time synchronized of emission coefficient and receiving system, wherein, fixing time-delay moment τ by the observation area to the distance R T of emission coefficient and observation area the distance R to receiving system
RDecision, τ=0.8 * (R
T+ R
R)/C, wherein, C is the light velocity; In addition, carry out in the three-dimensional imaging process, guarantee the irradiation area of the antenna beam emission coefficient antenna beam of receiving system all the time, to realize remaining the beam Synchronization of emission coefficient and receiving system at the two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar.
Through above step, can accomplish the structure of two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system, process flow diagram of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3.
Need to prove, adopt the back-projection algorithm of standard, two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system promptly capable of using institute image data realizes the three-dimensional scattering coefficient reconstruction to the observation area;
The distribution that emitting antenna phase center movement locus in the step 2,5 and receiving antenna phase center movement locus are obeyed can be Gaussian distribution, parabolic distribution etc. also, does not influence the validity of the constructed two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system of the present invention.
Innovative point of the present invention be to current three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system control accuracy flight path, the power consumption low, that be difficult to obtain any setting of unsurmountable phase center movement locus big, data processing amount is big, shortcomings such as coupling between array element; A kind of new three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system has been proposed; Compare with existing systems; Advantages such as that this system also has in the advantage of inheriting two stations polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar systems is low in energy consumption, no array element coupling, and realized the three-dimensional imaging of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar.
Ultimate principle of the present invention: the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system that the present invention proposes is a principle of utilizing synthetic-aperture radar, characteristics such as the scattered information anti-stealthy, target of the high and existing two stations of linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar antenna phase center control accuracy polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system is abundant, the long-pending increase of radar cross section.So pattern that we just adopt two stations polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system to combine with the linear array system; Make emitting antenna and receiving antenna all adopt the pattern of array feedback unit; Only to have be a transmitter for the emitter of our system and receiving trap so, and a receiver is formed with the linear array feedback unit that is connected transmitter and receiver respectively, in each pulse recurrence interval; Emission linear array feedback unit only has one to open the emission of carrying out electromagnetic wave signal; Also only have one to open the reception of carrying out echo data and receive linear array feedback unit, and emission linear array feedback unit with receive linear array feedback unit and all control by CS, can realize artificial control.We adopt three-dimensional BP algorithm to handle to the data that receive then, can obtain the three-dimensional imaging result at last.
The technical matters that the present invention solves: mainly to be that the phase center control accuracy to current three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar is low handle bigger with data volume and propose the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system that the present invention proposes; Utilize the principle and the high characteristics of linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar antenna phase center control accuracy of two synthetic-aperture radar of standing, the two-station two-line array synthetic-aperture radar pattern that the two station of employing polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system combines with the linear array system overcomes the weakness that control accuracy is low and the data volume processing is big.
Advantage of the present invention: the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system that the present invention proposes can effectively utilize the characteristics such as control accuracy height of linear array antenna to realize the imaging of three-dimensional scenic; We carry out emulation experiment with this system, obtain following characteristics through comparing and assessing us:
(1) transmit-receive platform of system is with normal vector velocity motion, so the control accuracy of platform motion track improves a lot than CSAR.
(2) only to have be a transmitter for the emitter of system and receiving trap, and a receiver is formed with the linear array feedback unit that is connected transmitter and receiver respectively, compares with solid line battle array D S AR model, and the hardware cost aspect reduces greatly.
(3) in each pulse recurrence interval; Emission linear array feedback unit only has one to open the emission of carrying out electromagnetic wave signal; Also only there is one to open the reception of carrying out echo data and receive linear array feedback unit; Data processing amount is much smaller than solid line battle array D S AR, thereby greatly reduces the operand of later stage imaging processing, and has avoided receiving in the solid line battle array coupling between the array element.
(4) linear array feedback unit is controlled by CS, in a flight aperture, through the control of CS, can set antenna phase center distribution pattern arbitrarily, can move according to arbitrary curve to reach the dual-mode antenna phase center.
(5) because the switching mode that linear array is presented first switch is to be set in advance by the system designer, be difficult to it is implemented to disturb for the jammer of not knowing its switching mode, this has also improved the noiseproof feature of receiving platform greatly.The present invention can be widely used in fields such as synthetic aperture radar image-forming, the earth are given a violent shake to, geological mapping.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the linear array antenna structured flowchart of two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system transmitter
Fig. 2 is the linear array antenna structured flowchart of two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system receiver
Fig. 3 is the inventive method process flow diagram
Fig. 4 is the two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar geometric mode figure that the present invention adopts
Wherein, PRF indicating impulse repetition frequency number, Rt-APC representes i transmitter antenna phase center, Rr-APC representes j receiver antenna phase center,
Be a scattering point in the three-dimensional mapping scene, Rt representes that emitting antenna phase center that the transmitter linear array antenna carves at this moment is apart from scattering point
Distance, Rr representes that receiving antenna phase center that the receiver linear array antenna carves at this moment is apart from scattering point
Distance, (u, v w) are scattering point
Coordinate system, (x, y, z) for carrying the coordinate system of machine platform,
For sending out, receive platform speed vector, θ
t, θ
rFor sending out, receive antenna phase center to scattering point
The depression angle;
Fig. 5 is the imaging results figure to the three-dimensional point target of the present invention
Wherein horizontal ordinate is for cutting the flight path direction, and ordinate is along the flight path direction, vertical coordinate be the height to.The parameter list that Fig. 6 uses when being the inventive method emulation
Embodiment
The present invention mainly adopts the method for emulation experiment to verify the feasibility of this system model, institute in steps, conclusion all correctly at VC++, the last checking of MATLAB7.0.The practical implementation step is following:
Linear array transmitter on the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system flat pad comprises with the lower part: a transmitter, CS, 1000 feeder lines and 1000 linear array feedback units; Its system chart is shown in accompanying drawing 1, and CS links to each other with the synthetic-aperture radar receiver, and CS links to each other with 1000 linear array feedback units through 1000 feeder lines, and the length of emission line array antenna is 30; In a flight aperture, each slow time n of CS control, n=1 ... The position of the 2048 feedback units that opened, and only have a feedback unit to be opened at each slow time n; Each linear array feedback unit all keep with receiver space synchronously, Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized, the orientation field angle of linear array feedback unit is 2 degree, the horizontal beam angle is respectively 30 degree.
Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system emission coefficient is that the linear array transmitter in the step 1 is placed on the flat pad, and the emission line array antenna is along the horizontal placement of flat pad; The linear array transmitter and receiver is implemented spatial synchronization, Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized; Receiving platform is with permanent vector velocity [0 125 0] motion, and the initialization flying height of flat pad is 2500m;
The linear array transmitter set by step the mode in 1 to mapping scene electromagnetic signals.
Step 3, linear array receiver make up
Linear array receiver on the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system receiving platform comprises with the lower part: a receiver, CS, 1000 feeder lines and 1000 linear array feedback units; Its system chart is shown in accompanying drawing 2, and CS links to each other with the synthetic-aperture radar receiver, and CS links to each other with 1000 linear array feedback units through 1000 feeder lines, and the length that receives linear array antenna is 30; In a flight aperture; Each slow time n of CS control; N=1 ... The position of the 2048 feedback units that opened; And only have a feedback unit to be opened at each slow time n: each linear array feedback unit all keeps and transmitter spatial synchronization, Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized, and the orientation field angle of linear array feedback unit is 2 degree, and the horizontal beam angle is respectively 30 degree; The reception ripple door of linear array receiver is 5E-6s, and SF is 1000E+6Hz.
Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system receiving system is that the linear array receiver in the step 3 is placed on the receiving platform, receives the horizontal placement of linear array antenna along receiving platform; Transmitter in linear array receiver and the step 1 is implemented spatial synchronization, Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized; Receiving platform is with permanent vector velocity [0 125 0] motion, and the initialization flying height of receiving platform is 2000m;
The linear array receiver mode in 3 set by step carries out Data Receiving to the echo that transmitter is transmitted into after the mapping scene.
The flight geometry figure of transmit-receive platform sees accompanying drawing 4.
The systematic parameter that this embodiment adopted sees Fig. 6 for details, and the 3D point imageable target that obtains is as shown in Figure 5.
Emulation and test through the specific embodiment of the invention; Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system model provided by the present invention can have been realized the three-dimensional imaging of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar; Compare with existing three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system model, the present invention's flight path, power consumption low in the control accuracy that overcomes existing system, that be difficult to obtain any setting is big, data processing amount is big, the shortcomings such as coupling between array element.
Claims (1)
1. method that makes up the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system is characterized in that the construction step of this system is following:
Step 1: the linear array transmitter makes up
The linear array transmitter of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system comprises with the lower part: synthetic-aperture radar transmitter, CS, M bar feeder line and a M linear array feedback unit, and wherein, M is a natural number; The size of M is decided by the size of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system pulse repetition rate in a flight aperture; M=v * Na/L, wherein, v is a flying platform speed; Na be the synthetic-aperture radar orientation to sampling number, L is an emission line array antenna length; CS links to each other with the synthetic-aperture radar transmitter; CS links to each other with M linear array feedback unit through M bar feeder line, and the length of emission line array antenna is L, and the size of L is determined by the resolution that the two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system requires to obtain; L=λ/ρ; Wherein, λ is a two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system carrier frequency, and ρ is a systemic resolution;
Step 2: the structure of emission line array antenna phase center track
At each slow time n, in the n=1.....N, utilize CS to open some array element in the emission line array antenna, the stochastic variable that makes emission line array antenna phase center track constitute is obeyed evenly and is distributed;
Step 3: emission coefficient makes up
Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system emission coefficient is that the linear array transmitter in the step 1 is placed on the flat pad, and the emission line array antenna is placed along Vertical Launch platform motion direction, and flat pad is with permanent vector velocity
Motion, the initialization flying height of flat pad is H
T0The linear array transmitter set by step the emission line array antenna phase center track of the structure in two to the continuous electromagnetic signals of mapping scene;
Step 4: the linear array receiver makes up
The linear array receiver of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system comprises with the lower part: synthetic-aperture radar receiver, CS, M bar feeder line and a M linear array feedback unit, and wherein, M is a natural number; The size of M is decided by the size of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system pulse repetition rate in a flight aperture; M=v * Na/L, wherein, v is a flying platform speed; Na be the synthetic-aperture radar orientation to sampling number, L is for receiving linear array antenna length; CS links to each other with the synthetic-aperture radar receiver; CS links to each other with M linear array feedback unit through M bar feeder line, and the length that receives linear array antenna is L, the resolution decision that the size of L is obtained by the requirement of two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system; L=λ/ρ; Wherein, λ is a two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system carrier frequency, and ρ is a systemic resolution;
Step 5: the structure that receives linear array antenna phase center track
At each slow time n, in the n=1.....N, utilize CS to open and receive some array element in the linear array antenna, make the stochastic variable that receives linear array antenna phase center track formation obey evenly and distribute;
Step 6: receiving system makes up
Two-station two-line array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system receiving system is that the linear array receiver in the step 4 is placed on the receiving platform, receives linear array antenna and places along the vertical platform motion direction that receives, and receiving platform is with permanent vector velocity
Motion, the initialization flying height of receiving platform is H
R0The linear array receiver mode in five set by step receives, stores the echo data that the linear array transmitter is transmitted into after the mapping scene;
Step 7: emission coefficient and receiving system are synchronous
Carry out in the three-dimensional imaging process at the two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar; The time-delay of after emission coefficient emission electromagnetic signal, fixing is τ constantly; Open receiving system and receive scene echoes; To realize the time synchronized of emission coefficient and receiving system, wherein, fixing time-delay moment τ is by the distance R of observation area to emission coefficient
TWith the distance R of observation area to receiving system
RDecision, τ=0.8 * (R
T+ R
R)/C, wherein, C is the light velocity; In addition, carry out in the three-dimensional imaging process, need guarantee the irradiation area of the antenna beam emission coefficient antenna beam of receiving system all the time, to realize remaining the beam Synchronization of emission coefficient and receiving system at the two-station two-line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar.
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Citations (1)
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US6204799B1 (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 2001-03-20 | William J. Caputi, Jr. | Three dimensional bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths |
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US6204799B1 (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 2001-03-20 | William J. Caputi, Jr. | Three dimensional bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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朱宇 等.双基SAR在地面运动目标检测中的应用.《现代雷达》.2007,第29卷(第5期),65-68. * |
汤子跃 等.双站合成孔径雷达系统同步问题研究.《现代雷达》.2004,第26卷(第1期),5-9. * |
王银波 等.一种新型双站稀疏线阵三维成像SAR系统模型.《第十届全国雷达学术年会论文集》.2008,1020-1024. * |
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