CN101782464B - Method and instrument thereof for acoustic diagnosis of automobile engine - Google Patents
Method and instrument thereof for acoustic diagnosis of automobile engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101782464B CN101782464B CN2010101190787A CN201010119078A CN101782464B CN 101782464 B CN101782464 B CN 101782464B CN 2010101190787 A CN2010101190787 A CN 2010101190787A CN 201010119078 A CN201010119078 A CN 201010119078A CN 101782464 B CN101782464 B CN 101782464B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and an instrument thereof for an acoustic diagnosis of an automobile engine, which relate to a technique for diagnosing the automobile engine, namely a method and the instrument thereof for determining whether the working condition of the engine is normal or not by using acoustic features of the sound production of the engine. The instrument comprises a sound transducer (1), an analog-digital converter (2) and a data processor (3) which are connected with one another in turn from front to back. The method and the instrument thereof can discover whether the automobile engine works normally or not during driving under the condition of not influencing road automobile running for a traffic control department to realize a non-contact diagnosis and eliminate driveway hidden dangers of a vehicle with an abnormal engine in time; besides, the method and the instrument can also provide a practical diagnostic technique for other automotive vehicles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the motor car engine diagnostic techniques, relate in particular to a kind of motor car engine acoustics diagnose method and instrument thereof; Specifically, relate to a kind of acoustic feature of engine sounding that utilizes and determine engine behavior whether normally method and instrument thereof.
Background technology
Sound during motor car engine work, whether its duty is normal, and experienced master worker can judge [1].But the personnel for general just have any problem; In addition, for complicated situation, even experience is arranged, accurately judgement is also had any problem.
Many reasons can cause the warning of motor car engine failure warning lamp, and automobile itself does not have problems, and the into maintenance depot's detection of but having to is time-consuming bothersome.Oversize vehicle often has the cylinder of falling into oblivion phenomenon, and promptly fuel but has no to perceive without the phenomenon of burning discharge cylinder, causes fuel oil waste, air pollution and vehicle power to descend.In automobile making factory and service shop, senior car, the special purpose vehicle engine behavior diagnostic system that oneself is arranged, these system combined many groups sensors that are distributed in a plurality of key positions of engine are monitored the working condition of automotive engine component, thereby make comprehensive judgement, but these devices are special-purpose and complicated, need the professional to operate.
A kind of instrument that can conveniently use and not rely on any device of automobile itself with regard to energy identification of Engine operating mode not only can reduce fault misdescription and fail to report trouble and the problem that causes; For important traffic main artery, as the normal and traffic safety of driving in highway, bridge and tunnel etc., and environmental protection is all significant.
By retrieval, do not find similar report of the present invention as yet.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome the shortcoming and defect that prior art exists, and a kind of motor car engine acoustics diagnose method and instrument thereof are provided.
The present invention is a kind of based on the harmless contactless diagnosis theory of acoustics with utilize common equipment integration relevant detection instrument, is that the huge motor car engine of amount detection is used, also can develop simultaneously high-end general checkout equipment, and be that vehicle supervision department uses.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Maintenance master worker's auscultation experience shows that the engine operate as normal sound has its rule, and undesired also have its feature, and this is the inevitable outcome that engine operation produces.Listening, too abstract, be unfavorable for describing exactly.As waveform and feature with sound, show in the mode of image, interpretation is provided, quite similar with the electrocardiographic diagnosis technology that hospital uses.Different is, motor car engine has a plurality of cylinders, and each cylinder is different because of manufacturing accuracy and installation site, the voice signal that each cylinder body produces is difference to some extent also, it is just comparatively complicated to mix the voice signal that produces, and the sophisticated signal that valve folding, generator, water pump, blower fan, load change, rotary speed unstabilization are fixed and environmental noise etc. produces will cause great difficulty to diagnosis.Guarantee diagnostic accuracy and practicality, must set up the effective diagnosis mechanism of a cover:
1, instruments design is wanted rationally, and performance is affluent, can gather and separates required high s/n ratio engine sound signal;
2, signal is carried out artificial sorting, find out suitable identification signal;
3, set up simple and easy and exercisable identical criterion, use statistical technique to overcome the influence of interference.
The understanding of the rule that the engine operate as normal is sounded is the basis of engine diagnostic.The scope of the present invention's research only is limited in the diagnosis of the normal operating conditions of 4 two-stroke engines and 4 strokes thereof.
Specifically, the present invention includes method and instrument.
One, motor car engine acoustics diagnose method
This method comprises the following steps:
1. the motor car engine voice signal is processed into digital audio signal by the digital audio sample devices, and is recorded in the data file, or directly show and the Fourier transform data source as image;
2. utilize computing machine to show the voice signal image;
3. the feature of artificial observation image has feature quasi-periodicity as image, illustrates that then engine operation is normal;
4. select the stabilized (steady-state) speed 3-10 voice data of second, do Fourier transform, obtain engine sound signal amplitude spectrum, and then obtain exciting frequency quasi-periodicity;
5. utilize engine to excite frequency and the relation of engine speed and number of cylinders quasi-periodicity, calculate theoretical engine and excite frequency quasi-periodicity;
6. relatively Fourier transform mensuration and theoretical engine excite frequency quasi-periodicity, when the two is consistent, illustrates that engine operation is normal, otherwise are undesired.
Two, motor car engine acoustics diagnose instrument
1, structure
The sound transducer that this instrument is connected successively by front and back, analog to digital converter and data processor are formed.
2, principle of work
The sound that motor car engine is sent receives and is converted into voltage signal through sound transducer, is processed into digital signal by analog to digital converter again, and is recorded in the data file.Use MP3, MP4, recording pen and pocket computer during test, be satisfied result; Recording data files, use voice data software for editing and record information, sub-elect the data fragments that needs analysis, show the voice signal image by data analysis display process software, and carry out quick FFT conversion, the voice signal of time domain is transformed to frequency field, and show its spectrum signature image.Like this, just can obtain theoretical engine sound frequency quasi-periodicity according to the rotating speed and the number of cylinders (denumerable engine exhaust connecting pipe when not knowing) of engine.Observation time territory audiovideo has curvilinear characteristic quasi-periodicity, and perhaps theoretical quasi-periodicity is consistent with frequency quasi-periodicity that FFT determines, illustrates that then engine operation is normal.Can get rid of disturbing factor, not possess above-mentioned characteristic person again, illustrate that then engine operation is undesired, should enter maintenance depot.
The present invention has following advantage and good effect:
1, converts voice signal to data image signal, for sound characteristic research and identification provide effective means;
2, confirm that engine operate as normal audiovideo has rule quasi-periodicity, become qualitative identical criterion, obtain exciting frequency computation part formula quasi-periodicity, the image qualitative interpretation is risen to accurate quantitative parameter comparison;
3, the identification system is set up in the mixing together of many science such as engine, sensor, computing machine, acoustics, signal analysis, statistics, and integrated data collection and data handling system form similar Electrocardiographic diagnostic techniques.
4, all Otto cycle engine are general, do not rely on engine model, and are contactless.
In a word, the present invention is the system of a kind of similar hospital electrocardiographic diagnosis.According to engine operation principle and empirical data, find engine operate as normal sounding acoustic picture rule quasi-periodicity, obtain exciting frequency computation part formula quasi-periodicity, for the diagnosis of engine normal operating conditions provides qualitative and quantitative criterion.Utilize PC computing machine and sound transducer, make up engine operating condition detection platform under the daily operating mode of automobile, set up the technical scheme of the contactless not damaged diagnosis of motor car engine.The present invention can be traffic control department, and under the condition that does not influence the road running car, whether the motor car engine work in finding to travel is normal, realizes contactless diagnosis, in time gets rid of the hidden danger that the undesired vehicle of engine is set out on a journey; Also can be other motor vehicle and engine practical diagnostic techniques is provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of this instrument;
Fig. 2 is the voice signal image (part) of Citroen zx 16v car engine idling, and transverse axis is time (second), and the longitudinal axis is acoustic pressure (dimensionless);
Fig. 3 is the spectral amplitude of Fig. 2, and transverse axis is a frequency, and the longitudinal axis is an amplitude.
Wherein:
The 1-sound transducer;
The 2-analog to digital converter;
The 3-data processor;
4-engine sound source;
The 5-ground unrest.
Embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
One, method
1, step 1. in, described digital audio sample devices is selected MP3, MP4, recording pen or multimedia computer etc. for use.
2, step 3. in, be described quasi-periodicity when the stack of several periodic signals, if the lowest common multiple in their cycle does not exist, no longer be periodic signal with signal then, but the description of their frequency also has the characteristics of periodic signal, is called quasi-periodic signal.
3, step 5. in, the engine of described theory excites the quasi-periodicity frequency to be
f(ω)＝ω/2×n
In the formula, f is that theoretical engine excites frequency quasi-periodicity, and ω is an engine speed, and n is a number of cylinders.F (ω) is exactly an engine speed when being ω, the frequecy characteristic that the engine operate as normal is sounded.
Two, instrument
1, overall
As Fig. 1, the sound transducer 1, analog to digital converter 2 and the data processor 3 that connect successively before and after this instrument comprises.
2, functional part
1) sound transducer 1
2) analog to digital converter 2
Analog to digital converter 2 is a kind of analog to digital converter commonly used, converts analog electrical signal to digital electric signal.
3) data processor 3
4) sound transducer 1 and analog to digital converter 2 are formed the digital audio sample devices
The digital audio sample devices is selected MP3, MP4, recording pen or multimedia computer for use.
Three, detect principle
1, engine sounding principle with excite frequency quasi-periodicity
The sounding excitation condition of engine is very complicated, and is closely related with structure, material formation, utility appliance and the rotating speed load etc. of engine, we can say that a kind of engine just has a kind of feature that excites, and changes with engine behavior.The research of this respect has a few thing, vibration source analysis and emulation [2] as the in-line four cylinder engine, the research of automobile V-shaped engine luggine drive characteristic [3], engine crankshaft system dynamics numerical simulation study [4], by setting up engine kinematics, kinetic model, the vibration stimulus source of sunykatuib analysis engine, vibration, intensity, fatigue and the lubricating property etc. of prediction crankshaft system, research Engine Surface vibration characteristics; There is research to think, the spike of low-frequency noise in frequency domain is to produce [5] generation and Control Study to diesel engine noise by engine reciprocal inertia force exciting vehicle body wallboard in the car, think that diesel engine noise is mainly derived from gas pulses, burning and mechanical motion [6] although. these researchs be the basis with preliminary, emphasis is also each has something to recommend him, but common characteristic is exactly 4 relevant exciting of causing of stroke in the course of work.
No matter the number of cylinders of engine how much, always allow its uniform and stable work, each cylinder press the identical and fixed skew of job order arrangement during design, sounding just has rule quasi-periodicity, and to can be used as its duty be normal essential characteristic, is the basis of maintenance hearing.This quasi-periodic signal is because engine operation excites the sound wave of the vibration initiation of generation, and according to the physical mechanism of its generation, this paper is referred to as to excite frequency quasi-periodicity, by the rotating speed and the number of cylinders decision of engine.Rule quasi-periodicity of the voice signal of comparison check engine, whether duty that just can qualitative identification of Engine is normal.According to excite quasi-periodicity frequency parameter and theory excite frequency quasi-periodicity, can judge whether its 4 stroke duties normal according to the quantitative result of statistical parameter.
2, normal engine sound excites frequency theory calculating quasi-periodicity
With the four-in-line engine is example, Fig. 2 is the audiovideo of intact Citroen zx 1.6v car engine idling and the frequency spectrum feature of sound, engine idle per minute 850 changes, promptly 14 revolutions per seconds, the Citroen zx engine has four cylinders, and cylinder per two changes to be finished a work period, and there are 14 quasi-periodicitys 0.5 second time, though each quasi-periodic image is difference to some extent, basically identical.Can think the normal picture of engine operate as normal rule quasi-periodicity.The right is a left image FFT spectrum signature, utilize the FFT conversion, the curve of time domain can be converted to frequency field [7], utilize and analyze mapping software Origin[8] sampled data is done FFT conversion and mapping, the frequency of first corresponding 28 cycle per seconds in spectrum peak, for exciting frequency quasi-periodicity, just engine under idling, 4 cylinder operation inspire a frequecy characteristic of voice signal.Second spectrum peak frequency 56 cycle per second is the frequencys multiplication at first spectrum peak, common phenomena in analysis of spectrum.Normal theoretical value is consistent with mensuration numerical value, illustrates that engine behavior is normal.
The Otto cycle engine bent axle changeed for two weeks, cylinder is finished a complete work period, according to the principle of the even work of engine design and the empirical data of Fig. 1, what be easy to obtain engine speed, number of cylinders number and engine operation voice signal excites frequency relation quasi-periodicity, and extend to general engine
f(ω)＝ω/2×n (1)
In the formula, f is that theoretical engine excites frequency quasi-periodicity, and ω is an engine speed, and n is a number of cylinders.F (ω) is exactly an engine speed when being ω, the frequecy characteristic that the engine operate as normal is sounded.This can provide a frequency ratio to standard.Detected quasi-periodicity, frequency was consistent with engine sounding frequency quasi-periodicity of Theoretical Calculation, and is normal with regard to the decidable engine operation, thus image recognition quasi-periodicity quantification qualitatively.Can be Computer Automatic Recognition and artificial cognition and reduce difficulty.Conversely, the anti-engine speed that pushes away of excitation cycle frequency by measuring has according to (1) formula,
ω＝2f(ω)/n (2)
Also can be used for studying the accuracy and the reading accuracy of tachometer gage.
Table one is that check formula (1) or (2) engine speed are sampled with the experimental section that quasi-periodicity, frequency relation was done, utilize gas Control of Automobile idle speed of engine, frequency adopts idling, 1000,2000, with 3000 rev/mins, have individually and reach 4000 rev/mins, obtain the voice signal about 20 seconds respectively, obtain the spectrum signature of sampled audio signal through the FFT conversion, the peak interpretation obtains to excite frequency quasi-periodicity according to spectrum, and contrast with theoretical quasi-periodicity of the frequency of utilizing that tachometer gage reading and number of cylinders obtain, or utilize conversely and excite the quasi-periodicity frequency to calculate due rotating speed, compare with the tachometer gage reading.Table one has provided the relevant data of this experiment.The statistics mean square deviation of judging actual speed and tachometer gage reading difference by FFT is ± 49 rev/mins, and this error is within the error range that the tachometer gage reading accuracy causes, it is fine to illustrate that formula and actual conditions meet.The engine of 3,4,6 cylinders has been used in this detection test, has representatively widely, and other unlisted data also have similar statistical law, binding engine excitation mechanism again, and formula (1) and (2) obtain checking.
Table one, excite quasi-periodicity frequency computation part with actual measurement relatively
Annotate: sequence number is 22 and 23 to have only the idling data, and Spark 0.8MT 3 cylinder cars do not have tachometer gage, and idling provides for the car owner.
3, data collection and analysis
Now common automobile rotational speed is at 800-5000 rev/min, and number of cylinders is between 3-12, according to formula (1), engine excites the quasi-periodicity frequency between 24-200Hz, and economic vehicle is generally at 24-80Hz, and the number of cylinders of high-grade automobile is more, and it excites frequency 40-200Hz quasi-periodicity.In voice signal, belong to the low-frequency sound signal,, can select the good sound transducer of low frequency characteristic according to this frequency characteristic, use the analog or digital low-pass filtering in case of necessity, reject the noise of high-frequency signal, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of detection signal, thereby improve the reliability that detects.
The present invention uses modulus conversion technique, and the engine sound conversion of signals that sensor probe is extracted is a digital signal, and uses the digital document record, generally uses the 5-30 idling voice signal of second; Re-use Origin software and read in the audio files display graphics, the artificial cognition quasi-periodic signal; After FFT extracts and to excite frequency quasi-periodicity, excite the quasi-periodicity frequency to compare with the theoretical engine that calculates according to rotating speed and number of cylinders again.
4, the normal basis for estimation of engine
Comparison engine sound curve has rule quasi-periodicity (curve and spectral line); Engine speed decision excite the quasi-periodicity frequency consistent with mensuration numerical value.Judge whether engine behavior is normal.This two criterion is feasible theoretically, in fact, does not also occur situation about losing efficacy up till now.Otherwise, then undesired.Of particular note, the scale differentiation of tachometer gage, the reading accuracy of decision tachometer gage is about 100 rev/mins, according to the propagation law of error, four cylinder engine theories excite about 200 rev/mins of the precision of frequency quasi-periodicity, and comparison 3.3 revolutions per seconds difference occurs and still belongs to normally.Because the audio data samples precision is much higher than the precision of artificial reading, the quasi-periodicity frequency of exciting of thinking that FFT obtains does not have error.
(5) other well-posedness problem
The aural signal space-time characteristic changes and the probe performance issue: engine sound is through behind the nacelle, and each frequency component of its signal has very big variation, and the automobile of sound Insulation Design is especially arranged, and high-frequency signal absorbs significantly, is equivalent to low-pass filtering.Like this, utilize recording and analogue low pass filtering in the car, can obtain the identical effect of digital low-pass filtering.All recording tests show at present, and digitized sound pick-up outfit commonly used all can satisfy user demand as mobile phone, mp3, recording pen and notebook computer.
Extreme case is considered: for the engine of multi-cylinder, suppose that most cylinder is correct, be easy to from discerning by image after the low-pass filtering treatment.If the situation complexity, but binding isotherm excites frequency quasi-periodicity, calculates normalized curve number quasi-periodicity of measured image data, compares with the actual cycle number, can make correct interpretation.And most cylinder operation are undesired, and engine behavior can produce serious problems, do not need just to detect to discern.The sound curve ratio of single-barrel engine is more special, comparable normal engine sound curve and spectrum signature thereof, and simultaneously, the horizontal bar engine has only a cylinder, if go wrong, the possibility that can work is minimum, can get rid of the demand that needs this detection substantially.
The main reference document
[1] Ministry of Communications's authorization, vehicle driver training teaching material, People's Transportation Press, 1997.
[2] Wang Hui, the vibration source analysis and the emulation of in-line four cylinder engine, mechanical engineering and robotization, 2009,5:53-55.
[3] Wang Baoan, Zheng Zhongcai, the research of automobile V-shaped engine luggine drive characteristic, internal combustion engine and propulsion system, 2009,5:9-12.
[4] Yang Wanli, Xu Min, Pan Yingying etc., engine crankshaft system dynamics numerical simulation study, internal-combustion engine engineering, 2006,27 (1): 45-47.
[5] Sun Jiagen, Dai Longlin, Zhang Wanjun etc., the generation of diesel engine noise and control, Military Engineering Inst.'s journal, 1998,13 (4): 43-50.
[6] simulation calculation and the experimental study of low-frequency noise in Ma Tianfei, woods ease, the Peng Yanhong etc., car car, Chinese mechanical engineering, 2005,16 (16): 1489-1492.
[7] cold China, the Fourier transform of building, publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2004.
[8] all sword flat sennit works, the practical study course of Origin 7.5 editions, publishing house of Xi'an Communications University, 2007.
Claims (1)
1. a motor car engine acoustics diagnose method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1. the motor car engine voice signal is processed into digital audio signal by the digital audio sample devices, digital audio signal is recorded in the data file as image shows and the data source of Fourier transform;
2. utilize computing machine to show the voice signal image;
3. the feature of artificial observation image has feature quasi-periodicity as image, illustrates that then engine operation is normal;
4. select the stabilized (steady-state) speed 3-10 voice data of second, do Fourier transform, obtain engine sound signal amplitude spectrum, and then obtain engine and excite frequency quasi-periodicity;
5. utilize theoretical engine excite quasi-periodicity frequency with the relation of engine speed and number of cylinders, the engine that calculates theory excites frequency quasi-periodicity;
6. relatively the engine with theory of Fourier transform mensuration excites frequency quasi-periodicity, when the two is consistent, illustrates that engine operation is normal, otherwise is undesired;
Step 1. in, described digital audio sample devices is selected MP3, MP4, recording pen or multimedia computer for use;
Step 3. in, be described quasi-periodicity when the stack of several periodic signals, if the lowest common multiple in their cycle does not exist, no longer be periodic signal with signal then, but the description of their frequency also has the characteristics of periodic signal, is called quasi-periodic signal;
Step 5. in, the engine of described theory excites the quasi-periodicity frequency to be
f(ω)＝ω/2×n
In the formula, f is that theoretical engine excites frequency quasi-periodicity, and ω is an engine speed, and n is a number of cylinders; F (ω) is exactly an engine speed when being ω, the frequecy characteristic that the engine operate as normal is sounded.
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| CN102788671B (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2015-09-30 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Based on the structure failure modality diagnostic method of spacecraft vibration test sound spectrum |
| CN103558029B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-06-22 | 重庆建设机电有限责任公司 | A kind of engine abnormal noise on-line fault diagnosis system and diagnostic method |
| US20160343180A1 (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Automobiles, diagnostic systems, and methods for generating diagnostic data for automobiles |
| CN105374214B (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-09-22 | 淮南师范学院 | Networking type vehicle identification system |
| US10482687B2 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2019-11-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Diagnosis of an acoustic vehicle alerting system (AVAS) based on existing sensors |
| WO2020020589A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | Inventio Ag | Elevator control cabinet with a voice communication apparatus and method to monitoring a cabinet door |
| CN111247443A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-06-05 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Motor state monitoring device and motor state monitoring method |
| CN109785460A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-05-21 | 深圳壹账通智能科技有限公司 | Vehicle trouble recognition methods, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN110296842A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-01 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | The diagnostic method and device of engine |
| CN111982519B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-12-14 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for detecting abnormal sound of gasoline engine and storage medium |
| CN112519530B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-09-03 | 江苏吉麦新能源车业有限公司 | Noise control system of air blower of automobile air conditioner |
| CN116380444B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-25 | 滨州鲁德曲轴有限责任公司 | Fault sound data processing system and processing method for crankshaft fault analysis |
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| CN201110799Y (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2008-09-03 | 长春工业大学 | Strange sound detector of car engine |
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| JP2008175107A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Yamaha Marine Co Ltd | Engine failure diagnosis device and ship |
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| CN201110799Y (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2008-09-03 | 长春工业大学 | Strange sound detector of car engine |
| CN101251441A (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2008-08-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method and system for on-line monitoring car engine state |
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