CN101781073A - Method of dewatering sludge and turning sludge into fuel - Google Patents
Method of dewatering sludge and turning sludge into fuel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of dewatering sludge and turning the sludge into fuel, which comprises the following steps that: a filter aid is pretreated firstly, coal is used as the filter aid, the coal is broken, pulverized and classified, the sludge is mixed with the pretreated coal powder, and the mixing ratio is calculated according the mass of the coal powder relative to the volume of the sludge, which is 20 to 100g/l; and the coal and the sludge are mechanically dewatered after being mixed, and the resource utilization mode of a filter cake is combustion, gasification or pyrolysis. The invention has simple and practical process flow and can effectively implement sludge treatment and disposal, the sludge and the coal can be synergisitic in the process flow without material waste, and the method has industrial prospects. The method can effectively reduce the oil-bearing sludge, and lays a foundation for the resource utilization of combustible materials in the oil-bearing sludge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of sewage, be specifically related to the treatment technology of mud.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of economic society, production, domestic consumption constantly increase, and the trade effluent and the sanitary sewage of generation also increase rapidly.For improving the ecological environment, promote sustainable utilization of water resources, the treatment capacity of China municipal sewage plant and processing rate also improve year by year, estimate that total amount of sewage discharge in 2010 is 1,050 hundred million m
3/ a, processing rate will reach 50%.In the treating processes of sewage, certainly lead to a large amount of active sludge, sludge quantity accounts for the 0.3%-0.5% (volume) or the 1%-2% (quality) of sewage load, if carry out advanced treatment, sludge quantity can increase 0.5%-1%.According to statistics, the sludge yield of developed countries such as America and Europe is annual approximately with the speed increment of 5%-10%, and the dewatered sludge output of European Union in 1992 is 6,500,000 tons, is increased to 8,900,000 tons in 2000, breaks through 10,000,000 tons in 2005.According to Environmental Protection Agency statistics, the dewatered sludge output of the U.S. in 1998 is 6,900,000 tons, reaches 7,600,000 tons in 2005, estimate 2010 will be above 8,200,000 tons.According to Environmental Protection in China general bureau statistics, the wet sludge yield of China's municipal wastewater treatment plant in 2003 is 9,000,000 tons (water ratio is 80%), is about 1,800,000 tons of dewatered sludges.The rapid increase of mud has become a serious environmental problem.
Mud is formed very complicated, variability is big, contain eutrophication element and other objectionable impuritiess such as a large amount of organic substances, pathogen biology, heavy metal, organism, nitrogen, phosphorus, as inappropriate processing, can pollute and stack geographic water body, go up environment on every side such as earth and atmosphere, will cause great harm animal, the mankind and environment.Disposing sludge how properly makes its minimizing, stabilization, innoxious, resource utilization become the problem that the whole world is paid close attention to.
The processing of mud with the disposal general flow is: concentrate → nitrated → dehydration → landfill or burning.Usually the stable of mud and dehydration are called the processing of mud, with compost, landfill, mummification and the heat treated of mud and finally utilize the disposal that is called mud.
Because mud has higher water ratio and loose physical properties and the extremely unsettled chemical property of grain pattern, intractability and processing cost are bigger, therefore before mud is implemented ultimate disposal, often need the stabilizing treatment of dewatering, its treatment effect will directly influence ultimate disposal.The dehydration stabilizing treatment of mud comprises following 4 steps substantially.
(1) concentrate: mud concentrates and can make mud tentatively subtract appearance, makes its volume be reduced to original part, thereby is convenient to follow-up processing or disposal.The spissated ordinary method of mud has that gravity concentrates, air supporting concentrates and centrifugal concentrating.Mud concentrates its water ratio of back and can reduce to about 95%, is mobile shape.
(2) conditioning: sludge conditioning mainly is meant by adding chemical agent or adopting physics, biological method to improve sludge settling property and dewatering.It can be divided into physics method, chemical method, biological process according to conditioning mechanism, wherein chemical conditioning method is simple to operate, and cost of investment is lower, and conditioning effect is more stable, is the method for present widespread use.
(3) dehydration: sludge dewatering is divided into nature mummification dehydration and mechanical dehydration two big classes.Nature mummification dehydration refers to mud is spread out on the drying bed of putting by the sandstone place mat, realizes dehydration by modes such as evaporation, infiltration and clear liquid overflows.This dewatering type maintenance management workload is very big, and produces large-scale stench.Mechanical dehydration refers to utilize mechanical means to carry out sludge dewatering, takes up an area of to lack, and the stench influence is also less, but operation and maintenance cost is higher.Mechanical dehydration can be divided three classes by dewatering Principle: vacuum filtering and dewatering, filter-press dehydration and centrifuge dehydration.Mechanical dehydration can further reduce moisture percentage in sewage sludge (generally can reduce to 70%-80%), reduces volume.Mechanical dewatering equipment commonly used at present has vacuum filter, plate-and-frame filter press, belt filter press and whizzer.
(4) stable: anaerobic digestion is the most frequently used mud stable treatment technique of present China, comprises hydrolysis, acidifying, product acetate, produces the methane four-stage.Anaerobic digestion generally has mesophilic digestion and thermophilic digestion, and in the practice at home, the most frequently used is mesophilic digestion (32 ℃-35 ℃).Along with the continuous innovation of this technology, anaerobic digestion develops into two-phase digestion process and two-stage digestion process again.Anaerobic digestion can produce a large amount of biogas, can with its as heat energy or be used for the generating, digested sludge simultaneously is a kind of good soil improvement agent, contain certain ash content and organism, can effectively increase soil fertility, improve the soil knot, but the anaerobic digestion investment is big, the time is long, be subject to the influence of envrionment conditions, have certain limitation.
The method that mud is disposed is a lot, and very big-difference is also arranged between the various countries, generally has following several: compost treatment, agricultural greening, sanitary landfill, Ocean dumping, burning disposal etc.The disposal of mud should develop towards the direction of innoxious, resource utilization and energy, avoids secondary pollution, and mud self is realized utilizing fully.
(1) compost is agricultural: compost is agricultural be considered to a kind of actively, effective mud.Contain various trace elements such as the Cas required such as abundant organotrophy composition such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the mud with plant, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe etc., wherein organic concentration is generally 40%-70%, is higher than common farm manure.If mud is rationally utilized, the structure of can improving the soil increases soil fertility, promotes the growth of crop, is a kind of very valuable resource.But contain objectionable constituent such as heavy metal, pathogenic bacteria, parasite, organic pollutant in the mud, directly use meeting contaminated soil, water body, influence the farm crop quality, be detrimental to health, must be before therefore using through processing innoxious, stabilization.
(2) sanitary landfill: sanitary landfill is to use history at most, also be the most general method, its advantage is mud and other solid waste can be handled together, does not need highly dehydration or natural mummification, process cost is lower, and its shortcoming is having relatively high expectations to site and place protective treatment.In recent years, because the waste trucking costs improves gradually and landfill site saturated, this method has been subjected to very big restriction.Britain imposes certain tax revenue since days to the land landfill of mud, and less than 5%, the ratio of U.S.'s mud landfill also progressively descends since the organic content of year requirement landfill mud in Germany, many areas even forbidden the landfill of mud.Estimate that according to EPA 6500 landfill yards of the U.S. will have and be closed 5000 in decades from now on.The mud landfill can not be avoided environmental pollution, and has just delayed the time.
(3) sludge incineration: sludge incineration is to utilize incinerator with the dewatered sludge heat drying, by the organism in the high temperature oxidation mud, makes mud become lime-ash.Sludge incineration can reduce the sludge volume dewatered sludge in a large number burn after output lime-ash only, be convenient to subsequent disposal and transportation, again can kill bacteria.In addition, the heavy metal that is contained in the mud at high temperature is oxidized to stable oxide, can make building materials such as haydite, ceramic tile, and the words of comprehensive utilization can really realize sludge stabilization, innoxious and resource utilization.But burn the part that also comes with some shortcomings,, deal with improperly and can produce certain harm the health of surrounding resident as producing toxic substances such as secondary pollutant such as Dioxins etc. in the burning process.The sludge incineration ratio of EU countries in 1992 rises to, nineteen ninety-five Japan's mud of being used to burn reached 49%.Angle from Sustainable development, sludge incineration can realize decrement substantially, adopting dry---the sludge incineration factory of fluidized combustion technology need use mineral fuel combustion-supporting hardly, and the waste heat that produces can be used for the heating generating, will be the final outlet of sludge disposal.
(4) throw in the ocean: it is to utilize the water body municipal sludge of dissolving that mud is thrown in the ocean, and the easy economy of this method is for especially convenient near the large-scale wastewater treatment plant of seashore.But this method constitutes a threat to the marine ecosystem human foods chain of unifying, and may cause serious consequence, causes heated argument in the middle of the various countries' environmental protection personnel and the public, suffers severe criticism.Played the U.S. in 1991 and completely forbid to ocean dumping mud, similar regulation had also been done by European Union in 1998, and Chinese Government accepts 3 international agreements at the beginning of 1994, promised to undertake on February 24th, 1994 not at sea disposal of commercial waste and sewage sludge.
Countries in the world emphasize particularly on different fields to the disposal of mud, and developed country is based on landfill, agricultural and burning before the order one.West Europe is based on landfill, and the U.S., Britain and a red wheat are based on agricultural, and Japan also turns to Consideration so that decrement is stable, based on burning owing to enclose the restriction of soil.
At present, the research and the engineering of sludge treatment disposal technology are used comparatively maturation both at home and abroad, obtained certain achievement.It is generally acknowledged that sludge dewatering is requisite pre-treatment process in sludge disposal and the resource utilization process, also is one of very unclear process of mechanism in the sludge handling process.Studies show that of environmental administration controlled in the Oran, and the water ratio of sewage sludge is at every reduction one percentage point below 78%, and the subsequent disposal of mud per ton just will reduce more than 1 dollar.Efficiently deviate to account for the moisture of sewage sludge weight more than 95%, become economy, efficiently handle the bottleneck of mud.
Solids in the mud mainly is the colloid particulate, and its complex structure is very strong with water avidity; Therefore before mud being carried out the mechanical dehydration processing, each water factory usually according to practical situation by various preprocessing means, to change the physico-chemical property of mud particle surface, destroy the colloidal structure of mud, reduce the avidity with water, thereby improve dewatering.Present sludge pre-treatment method mainly contains Chemical Regulation method, heat treating process, elutriation method and freezes 4 kinds of scorifications.
(1) chemical adjustment method: the chemistry adjustment of mud is exactly the chemical agent that adds coagulant aids, coagulating agent and so in mud, changes the surface property (stabilization removal effect) of mud and makes the mud granule flocculation by bridging action, thereby improve its dewatering.Now domestic and international many scholars and scientific research institution have obtained very big progress having done a large amount of work aspect the new coagulating agent efficiently of development and use.One of American Studies is exactly with multi-functional monomer polymerization Cheng Xin, multiple-limb, high-molecular weight anionoid polymerization flocculation agent.
(2) heat treating process: heat treating process is to heat 15-40min under 177-240 ℃ temperature under the 1.42-2.94MPa pressure, partial organic substances is decomposed, and make the hydrophilic colloidal material hydrolysis, grain pattern changes, improve the concentrated performance and the dewatering of mud, behind mechanical dehydration, moisture content of the cake can be reduced to 30-45%.And making sludge disinfection, pathogenic microorganism in the mud and parasitic ovum can be killed fully.Yet this method expense height, generation foul smell and dense supernatant liquor are used limited.
(3) elutriation method: can utilize solid particulate size with the different of proportion and the character that settling velocity is different is removed fine particle and part organic fine particles during sludge elutriation, reduce the viscosity of mud, the concentrated effect of raising mud.Elutriation method is generally used for washing anaerobically digested sludge, can adopt various ways such as single-stage, plural serial stage or countercurrent washing, but this method is because increase equipment improves cost.
(4) freeze scorification: it is earlier that mud is freezing at low temperatures freezing scorification, and then it is melted, and through this process, the colloidal property of mud is destroyed fully, the rapid sedimentation of particle.Owing to this method cost height, equipment complexity, use limitedly, only slightly adopt in states such as Finland, Sweden, Canada, still there is not the application precedent in China.
Along with going deep into that sludge characteristics is familiar with, the various countries scientific research personnel is constantly developing new mud dewatering method again, and the major technique direction comprises: the supercritical oxidation treatment technology of the supersound process technology of mud electro-dewatering, mud, biofloculation technology and mud.
With regard to existing sludge dewatering technology level of application, the application of chemical adjustment method in various countries accounts for more than 50%, and mainly application medicaments is molysite, aluminium salt and polyelectrolyte, and dehydration mechanism is mainly the coagulation unstability.Benitez etc. point out can produce the porous filter cake texture through the mud of chemistry adjustment, if but the mud cake that what is more important forms in filtration procedure has than higher compressibility, along with the continuous growth of mud cake, its flco can collapse under the effect of pressure.Resistance when therefore the purpose of adjusting not only will reduce to filter also will reduce the compressibility of mud.In recent years, add the physics amendment in the chemical adjustment process of being everlasting, these physics adjustment agent are that inert and majority are the parts of trade effluent usually.In mud was adjusted, they can be used as a kind of flocculation skeleton, form permeable, more stable cancellate structure, and this structure can still keep porous state under the high pressure of mechanical dehydration, stoped the flco collapse, had reduced the compressibility of mud.Flying dust, concrete slag, unslaked lime, wood chip etc. have all successfully been brought into play the effect of skeleton ground in the sludge dewatering process.
A fundamental principle mud being dealt carefully with disposal is, according to sludge characteristics, optimization design is handled and disposal method, the effect of each sport technique segment in the technical process is drafted in bigger performance as far as possible, save Financial cost, effectively utilize waste resource, the generation of control secondary pollution finally realizes the win-win of environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
Present stage is to the research of the single sport technique segment of sludge treatment disposing technique with use rather ripe.But, from the synergetic property of integrated artistic, be based on industrial applications, consider that the applied research that cooperatively interacts of each sport technique segment of sludge treatment disposal flow process is still comparatively rarely seen.
Summary of the invention
At the weak point of present sludge treatment technology, the invention provides the method for a kind of sludge dewatering compcsite fuel processing, reach the purpose of handling mud with sludge fuelization, economically.
Technological core of the present invention is: the material that adopts burnable rigid particles shape structure---coal carries out the physics adjustment to mud, strengthens the feasibility of dehydrating effect and raising turning sludge into fuel.Adjust agent with coal as physics, its rigid particles structure can form the filter cake skeleton, reduce filtration resistance in the sludge dewatering process; Its hydrophobicity adsorption function can mud in the oil ingredient of part high heating value, not only can reduce sewage sludge viscosity, and the filter cake calorific value can be provided; Its combustibility improved mud turning sludge into fuel utilize prospect.The inventive method does not have selectivity to mud, is applicable to that the thickened sludge of all kinds of municipal sewage plants and industrial trade waste water, sewage work is handled.
Processing step is as follows.
(1) flocculating aids pre-treatment
The employing coal is a flocculating aids, and commercially available coal commonly used all can.Coal is carried out fragmentation, levigate and classification, obtain the coal dust that granularity is 0.05mm~0.5mm.
(2) coal slime is mixed
The coal dust that mud and pre-treatment are finished mixes, and blending ratio is 20~100g/l according to the volume calculation of the relative mud of quality of coal dust.Hybrid mode adopts and mixes 200~600 rev/mins of stir speed (S.S.)s, churning time 5min~30min; Or adopting line mixer to mix, control mud flow velocity is 0.9~1.2m/s.
(3) mechanical dehydration
After finishing, the coal slime mixing carries out mechanical dehydration.The mechanical dehydration mode is for filtering, and filtration temperature is a normal temperature, selects vacuum filtration, air pressure to filter or Plate Filtration; Filtration pressure difference 0.02MPa~0.8MPa; Filtration time is controlled to be 10min~80min.
(4) filter cake utilization
Behind mechanical dehydration, by mass ratio, coal slime mixture water ratio drops to 30%~50%, and calorific value is increased to 3000kcal/kg~4500kcal/kg, can carry out recycling, and the mode of recycling is: burning, gasification or pyrolysis.
This technical process is simple, practical, can effectively realize the purpose that sludge treatment is disposed, and mud and coal can act synergistically in the technical process, and the waste of no material has industrialization prospect.Adopt the inventive method effectively minimizing handle oily sludge, and be that the recycling of combustiblesubstance in the oily sludge is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Liaohe Oil Field sewage work oily sludge, moisture percentage in sewage sludge are 95.2%, and oil-contg is 22187.5mg/L, and the pH value is 8.06.
The method processing step of sludge dewatering compcsite fuel processing is as follows.
(1) flocculating aids pre-treatment
Adopting commercially available hard coal commonly used is flocculating aids.Coal is carried out fragmentation, levigate and classification, obtain the coal dust that particle size fraction is 0.315mm~0.5mm.
(2) coal slime is mixed
The coal dust that mud and pre-treatment are finished mixes, and blending ratio is 50g/l according to the volume calculation of the relative mud of quality of coal dust.Hybrid mode adopts and mixes 400 rev/mins of stir speed (S.S.)s, churning time 20min.
(3) mechanical dehydration
After finishing, the coal slime mixing carries out mechanical dehydration.The mechanical dehydration mode is for filtering, and filtration temperature is a normal temperature, adopts air pressure to filter filtration pressure difference 0.4MPa; Filtration time is controlled to be 65min.
(4) filter cake utilization
Behind mechanical dehydration, by mass ratio, coal slime mixture water ratio drops to 50%, and calorific value is increased to 3700kcal/kg.The calorific value that adds the coal contribution in the conversion filter cake is 1650kcal/kg, and the calorific value of combustiblesubstance contribution is 2050kcal/kg in the mud, can carry out recycling, and the mode of recycling is: burning.
Embodiment 2
The northern sewage work in Shenyang municipal sludge, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is 96.06%, the pH value is 7.64.
The method processing step of sludge dewatering compcsite fuel processing is as follows.
(1) flocculating aids pre-treatment
Adopting commercially available long-flame coal commonly used is flocculating aids.Coal is carried out fragmentation, levigate and classification, obtain the coal dust that particle size fraction is 0.075mm~0.15mm.
(2) coal slime is mixed
The coal dust that mud and pre-treatment are finished mixes, and blending ratio is 80g/l according to the volume calculation of the relative mud of quality of coal dust.Hybrid mode adopts and mixes 200 rev/mins of stir speed (S.S.)s, churning time 30min.
(3) mechanical dehydration
After finishing, the coal slime mixing carries out mechanical dehydration.The mechanical dehydration mode is for filtering, and filtration temperature is a normal temperature, adopts two sections filtrations: one section vacuum filtration, filtration pressure difference 0.025MPa, filtration time 20min; Two sections air pressures are filtered filtration pressure difference 0.3MPa, filtration time 15min.
(4) filter cake utilization
Behind mechanical dehydration, by mass ratio, coal slime mixture water ratio drops to 38.4%, calorific value is increased to 3735kcal/kg, the calorific value that adds the coal contribution in the conversion filter cake is 2090kcal/kg, the calorific value of combustiblesubstance contribution is 1245kcal/kg in the mud, can carry out recycling, and the mode of recycling is: gasification.
Embodiment 3
Liaohe Oil Field sewage work oily sludge, water ratio are 97.1%, and oil-contg is 3516.3mg/L, and the pH value is 7.2.
The method processing step of sludge dewatering compcsite fuel processing is as follows.
(1) flocculating aids pre-treatment
Adopting commercially available coking coal commonly used is flocculating aids.Coal is carried out fragmentation, levigate and classification, obtain the coal dust that particle size fraction is 0.25mm~0.42mm.
(2) coal slime is mixed
The coal dust that mud and pre-treatment are finished mixes, and blending ratio is 32g/L according to the volume calculation of the relative mud of quality of coal dust.Hybrid mode adopts and mixes 600 rev/mins of stir speed (S.S.)s, churning time 5min.
(3) mechanical dehydration
After finishing, the coal slime mixing carries out mechanical dehydration.The mechanical dehydration mode is for filtering, and filtration temperature is a normal temperature, adopts Plate Filtration, filtration pressure difference 0.4MPa; Filtration time is controlled to be 80min.
(4) filter cake utilization
Behind mechanical dehydration, by mass ratio, coal slime mixture water ratio drops to 48.2%, calorific value is increased to 3106kcal/kg, the contribution calorific value that adds coal in the conversion filter cake is 2048kcal/kg, the contribution calorific value of combustiblesubstance is 1058kcal/kg in the mud, can carry out recycling, and the mode of recycling is: pyrolysis.
Embodiment 4
Liaohe Oil Field sewage work oily sludge, water ratio are 96.0%, and oil-contg is 14375mg/L, and the pH value is 7.98.
The method processing step of sludge dewatering compcsite fuel processing is as follows.
(1) flocculating aids pre-treatment
Adopting commercially available brown coal commonly used is flocculating aids.Coal is carried out fragmentation, levigate and classification, obtain the coal dust that particle size fraction is 0.15mm~0.37mm.
(2) coal slime is mixed
The coal dust that mud and pre-treatment are finished mixes, and blending ratio is 45g/L according to the volume calculation of the relative mud of quality of coal dust.Hybrid mode adopts line mixer to mix, and control mud flow velocity is 1.0m/s.
(3) mechanical dehydration
After finishing, the coal slime mixing carries out mechanical dehydration.The mechanical dehydration mode is for filtering, and filtration temperature is a normal temperature, adopts air pressure to filter filtration pressure difference 0.8MPa; Filtration time is controlled to be 15min.
(4) filter cake utilization
Behind mechanical dehydration, by mass ratio, coal slime mixture water ratio drops to 40.1%, calorific value is increased to 4500kcal/kg, the contribution calorific value that adds coal in the conversion filter cake is 2983kcal/kg, the contribution calorific value of combustiblesubstance is 1517kcal/kg in the mud, can carry out recycling, and the mode of recycling is: pyrolysis.
Claims (3)
1. the method for sludge dewatering compcsite fuel processing is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) flocculating aids pre-treatment
The employing coal is a flocculating aids, and coal is carried out fragmentation, levigate and classification, obtains the coal dust that granularity is 0.05mm~0.5mm;
(2) coal slime is mixed
The coal dust that mud and pre-treatment are finished mixes, and blending ratio is 20~100g/l according to the volume calculation of the relative mud of quality of coal dust;
(3) mechanical dehydration
Carry out mechanical dehydration after the coal slime mixing finishes, the mechanical dehydration mode is for filtering;
(4) filter cake utilization
The mode of recycling is: burning, gasification or pyrolysis.
2. according to the method for the described sludge dewatering compcsite fuel of claim 1 processing, it is characterized in that in the step (2) that hybrid mode adopts and mixes 200~600 rev/mins of stir speed (S.S.)s, churning time 5min~30min; Or adopting line mixer to mix, control mud flow velocity is 0.9~1.2m/s.
3. according to the method for the described sludge dewatering compcsite fuel of claim 1 processing, it is characterized in that in the step (3), filtration temperature is a normal temperature, adopt vacuum filtration, air pressure to filter or Plate Filtration; Filtration pressure difference 0.02MPa~0.8MPa; Filtration time is controlled to be 10min~80min.
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CN104402192B (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-08-17 | 华油惠博普科技股份有限公司 | The method for innocent treatment of a kind of discarded oil-base mud and equipment |
CN104402192A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-03-11 | 华油惠博普科技股份有限公司 | Harmless treatment method and equipment for waste oil-base mud |
CN105502884A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 章亮庄 | High-efficiency and low-cost sludge dewatering method |
CN105502884B (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-07-13 | 章亮庄 | A kind of mud dewatering method of high efficiency, low cost |
CN106430874A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-22 | 盐城东博环保科技有限公司 | Method for dehydrating sludge through oil shale waste and turning sludge into fuel |
CN112279483A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-29 | 山鹰华南纸业有限公司 | Method for recycling and treating sludge |
CN115196847A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-18 | 华南理工大学 | Deep dehydration method for treating waste by waste |
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