CN101778269A - Synchronization method of audio/video frames of set top box - Google Patents
Synchronization method of audio/video frames of set top box Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a synchronization method of audio/video frames of a set top box, which comprises the steps of: firstly, receiving the audio/video frames, analyzing display time labels and program clock references of the audio/video frames before decoding; secondly, computing the maximum play time of the audio/video frames in a whole buffer area according to the buffer capacity and the size of the audio/video frames in the buffer area; thirdly, computing the average decoding time of the audio/video frames and comparing the display time labels with a system clock according to the average decoding time, obtaining the compared difference of the display time labels and the system clock before decoding; and fourthly, comparing the compared difference before decoding, the average decoding time and the maximum play time to dynamically and self-adaptively select corresponding synchronization conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for synchronous of audio/video frames of set-top box, particularly a kind of method for synchronous of audio/video frames of adaptive set-top box.
Background technology
(the Set Top Box of set-top box now, STB) when playing digital television program, need be according to Presentation Time Stamp (the Presentation Time Stamp of audio/video frames, PTS) and with reference to timer reference of programs (ProgramClock Reference, PCR) carry out simultaneous operation, make sound and image to broadcast normally.
See also Figure 1A～1C, Figure 1A～1C illustrates the corresponding time relationship that set-top-box system receives audio/video frames and Presentation Time Stamp AU, VI and timer reference of programs PCR respectively.Under common situation, timer reference of programs PCR can be as some times of Presentation Time Stamp AU, VI of the leading a little audio/video frames that illustrates among Figure 1A, and the leading period of this section is as audio/video frames AU, VI being decoded and time of buffer memory.And the time of Presentation Time Stamp AU, the VI of the leading audio/video frames of some timer reference of programs PCR is very short, if with synchronous condition set too strict, then after audio/video frames AU, VI decoding, be easy to produce the expired frame phenomenon of falling.In addition, as illustrating among Figure 1B, the Presentation Time Stamp of the leading audio/video frames AU of the timer reference of programs PCR of some code stream, VI chronic may cause the buffer memory capacity that is used for storing audio/video frames not enough and be difficult to synchronously.Perhaps, as illustrating among Fig. 1 C, Presentation Time Stamp AU, the VI of the audio/video frames of some code stream just lags behind timer reference of programs PCR at all, and causes synchronization action to carry out.
Summary of the invention
The method for synchronous that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of audio/video frames of set-top box, synchronous condition that can adaptive adjusting audio/video frames.
The present invention proposes a kind of method for synchronous of audio/video frames of set-top box, its step comprises: at first, receive audio/video frames, and before the audio/video frames decoding, parse the Presentation Time Stamp and the timer reference of programs of audio/video frames, system clock is adjusted into consistent with timer reference of programs.And calculate the maximum play time of the audio/video frames in the whole buffer area according to the size of the audio and video buffer capacity of buffer area and audio/video frames.Real-time statistic also calculates the average decoding time of audio/video frames and according to relatively this Presentation Time Stamp and system clock, to obtain the compared difference before decoding of Presentation Time Stamp and system clock.And, come dynamic, the adaptive corresponding synchronous condition of selecting according to this compared difference before decoding, average decoding time and maximum play time.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, before compared difference before decoding is the audio/video frames decoding, Presentation Time Stamp deducts system clock, and select the method for corresponding synchronous condition more to comprise:, to use strict synchronous condition when compared difference before decoding during greater than the twice of average decoding time and less than maximum play time; In addition, when compared difference before decoding less than the twice of this average decoding time and greater than 0 the time, use loose synchronous condition; And, when compared difference before decoding less than 0 or during, according to Presentation Time Stamp Adjustment System clock, and according to adjusted system clock synchronized audio/video frame greater than maximum play time.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous condition of strictness wherein comprises: the demonstration time marking when audio/video frames is play and the broadcast of system clock are compared difference less than 0, and its absolute value is given up audio/video frames when playing the twice of an audio/video frames reproduction time.And when this plays difference relatively greater than the maximum play time of the audio/video frames in the whole audio and video buffer district, give up this audio/video frames.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, strict synchronous condition more comprises: when playing relatively difference greater than 0 and during less than this maximum play time, store audio/video frames and wait in playing buffer area; In addition, when this broadcast comparison difference equals 0, maybe should play and compare difference, but still not meet the condition of giving up this audio/video frames under this strict synchronous condition, playing audio-video frame less than 0.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, loose synchronous condition comprises: the demonstration time marking when audio/video frames is play and the broadcast of system clock are compared difference less than 0, and its absolute value greater than the twice of playing an audio/video frames time and average decoding time six times and the time, give up audio/video frames.And when difference is compared in this broadcast greater than maximum play time, give up this audio/video frames.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, loose synchronous condition more comprises: when this broadcast relatively difference store audio/video frames and in playing buffer area, wait for greater than 0 and during less than this maximum play time; In addition, when broadcast comparison difference equals 0, or play and compare difference, but still do not meet the condition of giving up this audio/video frames under this loose synchronous condition, playing audio-video frame less than 0.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein " when this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or greater than maximum play time " time step more comprise: free playing audio-video frame, and deposit the Presentation Time Stamp of playing before the buffer area in by calculating and deduct that to be stored in the reproduction time of playing the audio/video frames reproduction time in the buffer area poor.Comparison system clock and reproduction time are poor, and the difference when between system clock and this reproduction time difference is greater than a half of playing an audio/video frames reproduction time, and adjustment makes system clock consistent with this reproduction time difference.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein " when this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or greater than maximum play time " time step more comprise: when audio/video frames is play the broadcast comparison difference of demonstration time marking constantly and system clock less than 0, and its absolute value is given up audio/video frames when playing the twice of an audio/video frames reproduction time.And when this plays difference relatively greater than the maximum play time of the audio/video frames in the whole audio and video buffer district, give up this audio/video frames.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein " when this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or greater than maximum play time " time step more comprise: when this broadcast relatively difference store audio/video frames and in playing buffer area, wait for greater than 0 and during less than this maximum play time; And when playing that relatively difference equals 0, maybe should broadcast comparison difference less than 0 and still do not meet the condition of giving up audio/video frames under the synchronous condition, playing audio-video frame.
Described according to preferred embodiment of the present invention, maximum play time wherein equals the audio and video buffer capacity divided by the size of audio/video frames and be multiplied by and play an audio/video frames time.
The present invention is because of adopting the change according to the corresponding relation between Presentation Time Stamp and timer reference of programs, the average audio/video decoding time of frame of reference time of running, adaptivity the different synchronous condition of selection, make set-top box more can be adapted in the actual environment, effectively and accurately carry out synchronous action.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A～1C illustrates the corresponding time relationship that set-top-box system receives audio/video frames AU, VI and Presentation Time Stamp and timer reference of programs PCR respectively;
Fig. 2 illustrates the action flow chart of method for synchronous of audio/video frames of the set-top box of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 3 A～3C illustrates the schematic diagram of the numerical value corresponding relation between preceding Presentation Time Stamp PTS of audio/video decoding and timer reference of programs PCR respectively.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specify the present invention.
See also Fig. 2, Fig. 2 illustrates the action flow chart of method for synchronous of audio/video frames of the set-top box of embodiments of the invention.Its step comprises: at first, in step S210, receive audio/video frames, and parsed the Presentation Time Stamp PTS and the timer reference of programs PCR of audio/video frames before decoding.Then, in step S220, then calculate the maximum play time of the audio/video frames in the whole buffer area according to the size of the audio and video buffer capacity of buffer area set in the set-top box and audio/video frames.Please pay special attention to; because the audio/video frames that set-top box received is a continuous input signal; therefore, can utilize the buffer area that proposes at this to deposit the audio/video frames of a constant volume usually after, again according to stored audio/video frames decode, synchronous back and broadcasting.And maximum play time just is meant needed reproduction time when the data of all buffer areas is all brought broadcast.In other words, the account form of maximum play time is just described as following formula (1):
PTS_HIGHEST_THLD＝(buffer_size/frame_size)*frame_duration (1)
PTS_HIGHEST_THLD wherein is a maximum play time, and buffer_size is the buffer area capacity, and frame_size is that audio/video frames size and frame_duration play a needed time of audio/video frames.
Then, in step S230, then calculate the audio/video frames needed average decoding time of decoding.As describing in the preceding paragraph explanation, what set-top box received is a string continuous audio/video frames, and all not identical to each audio/video frames required consumed time of decoding.Therefore, need add up and calculate its mean value at nearest several audio/video frames needed time of decoding.And the audio/video frames of how many pens of this employing calculates this average decoding time and can be set by the designer, for example, can use 5 audio/video frames, divided by 5, calculates average decoding time behind the decode time of this audio/video frames of 5 that then needs to add up.
Then, in step S240, more above-mentioned Presentation Time Stamp PTS and system clock STC before audio/video frames decoding then, and obtain a compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD according to result of this comparison.Comparison Presentation Time Stamp PTS wherein and a kind of execution mode of system clock STC utilize Presentation Time Stamp PTS and system clock STC to subtract each other exactly, obtain comparison difference PTS_THLD.As the formula (2):
PTS_THLD＝PTS-STC (2)
Note that when carrying out the calculating of above-mentioned compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD that at this system clock STC must be gone ahead of the rest to adjust makes it consistent with timer reference of programs PCR.
At last, in step S250, relend by above-mentioned compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD, average decoding time and maximum play time PTS_HIGHEST_THLD and come dynamic, the adaptive corresponding synchronous condition of selecting.Please pay special attention to, cause the wrong choice of synchronous condition for fear of paroxysmal transient error at this, and produce negative influence, the synchronous condition of the correspondence that goes out when foundation compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD, average decoding time and maximum play time PTS_HIGHEST_THLD are selected is when (for example being 10 times) is all identical continuously many times, and just actual this synchronous condition of utilizing is carried out synchronously.And such action, the stability of increase system that also can be relative.
In addition, probably can be divided into three kinds about above-mentioned synchronous condition, one is the synchronous condition of the strictness when the corresponding time relationship between Presentation Time Stamp PTS and timer reference of programs PCR is good, another is the loose synchronous condition of leading time when timer reference of programs PCR is than Presentation Time Stamp PTS between when not enough, when another is then received for Presentation Time Stamp PTS with regard to the synchronous condition when the leading time is too much between Presentation Time Stamp PTS of expired or timer reference of programs PCR.At this, please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 3 A～3C, Fig. 3 A～3C wherein illustrates the schematic diagram of the numerical value corresponding relation between Presentation Time Stamp PTS and timer reference of programs PCR respectively.
The synchronous condition of explanation strictness earlier, illustrate as Fig. 3 A, wherein as compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD during greater than the twice of average decoding time DEC_DURE and less than maximum play time PTS_HIGHEST_THLD, just compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD drops among the regional A1, just uses strict synchronous condition.And when the synchronous condition of carrying out strictness is play, when determine play the audio/video frames to be played of next frame in the buffer area Presentation Time Stamp PTS still greater than system clock STC but it is when playing that relatively difference is still less than maximum play time, represent that then this audio/video frames does not still need to be played, and it is continued to be stored in to play in the buffer area wait for.When determining this Presentation Time Stamp PTS when equaling system clock STC, or this Presentation Time Stamp PTS is less than system clock STC but according to this this frame of strict synchronism condition and not out of date, then should play this audio/video frames, in addition, if when determining this Presentation Time Stamp PTS when playing less than system clock STC and its that relatively difference surpasses the twice of playing an audio/video frames time, represent that then this audio/video frames is expired, then directly abandon this audio/video frames.Wherein, above-mentioned so-called broadcast comparison difference is demonstration time marking PTS and system clock STC poor of audio/video frames when playing.
And about the part of loose synchronous condition, wherein when compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD less than the twice of average decoding time DEC_DURE and greater than 0 the time, just compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD drops among the regional A2, just uses loose synchronous condition.And when carrying out loose synchronous condition, when determine play the audio/video frames to be played of next frame in the buffer area Presentation Time Stamp PTS still greater than system clock STC but it is when playing that relatively difference is still less than maximum play time, then this audio/video frames of expression does not still need to be played, and it is continued to be stored in broadcast wait in the buffer area.When determining this Presentation Time Stamp PTS when equaling system clock STC, or this Presentation Time Stamp PTS is less than system clock STC but according to this this frame of loose synchronous condition and not out of date, then should play this audio/video frames.In addition, if when determine this Presentation Time Stamp PTS less than system clock STC and its play difference relatively surpass the twice of playing an audio/video frames time and average decoding time six times and the time, represent that then this audio/video frames is expired, then directly abandon this audio/video frames.
In addition, when finding that Presentation Time Stamp PTS receives just expired or timer reference of programs PCR than Presentation Time Stamp PTS between leading time when too much, just compared difference before decoding PTS_THLD drops among the regional A3, timer reference of programs PCR at this moment is unavailable in expression, then begins free playing audio-video frame this moment.And simultaneously by calculate decoded audio frequency and video Presentation Time Stamp PTS deduct be stored in the audio/video frames reproduction time play in the buffer area to calculate reproduction time poor.And comparison system clock STC and above-mentioned reproduction time are poor.Difference when between system clock STC and reproduction time difference is greater than a half of playing an audio/video frames reproduction time frame_duration, adjustment makes system clock STC consistent with this reproduction time difference, comes audio/video frames is carried out synchronously according to adjusted system clock STC again.And when determine play the audio/video frames to be played of next frame in the buffer area Presentation Time Stamp PTS still greater than system clock STC but it is when playing that relatively difference is still less than maximum play time, represent that then this audio/video frames does not still need to be played, and it is continued to be stored in to play in the buffer area wait for.When determining this Presentation Time Stamp PTS when equaling system clock STC, or this Presentation Time Stamp PTS is less than system clock STC but according to this frame of this synchronous condition and not out of date, then should play this audio/video frames, in addition, if when determining this Presentation Time Stamp PTS when playing less than system clock STC and its that relatively difference surpasses the twice of playing an audio/video frames time, represent that then this audio/video frames is expired, then directly abandon this audio/video frames.
In order to prevent that sporadic mistake from causing the demonstration time marking PTS of audio/video frames to make mistakes, and this audio/video frames is when to be played, it shows that time marking PTS is very big greater than system clock STC and its broadcast comparison difference, causes this audio/video frames and follow-up audio/video frames to be absorbed in the error condition that waits as long for.When above-mentioned each synchronous condition of application is carried out Play Control, show when time marking PTS plays greater than system clock STC and its that relatively difference is greater than the audio and video buffer maximum play time if determine, represent that the demonstration time marking of this audio/video frames makes mistakes, directly abandon this audio/video frames.
The present invention is a synchronization basic standard because of having adopted with timer reference of programs PCR, so when the audio frequency and video of system are play the undesired situation of appearance, can guarantee that still system clock STC's is accurate, can not have influence on the sync status of the audio/video frames of normal condition, more can after system restoration is normal, guarantee the smooth and smooth-going of broadcast.The present invention more is used as synchronization basic standard because of foundation timer reference of programs PCR and Presentation Time Stamp PTS, and the operation conditions of reference system, the condition that Dynamic Selection is synchronous.Therefore have better fault-tolerance and compatibility, when the program of the various different code streams of reply, have better synchronous effect.
More than disclosed only be several specific embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation, all should drop in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of a set-top box is characterized in that, this audio/video frames method for synchronous comprises:
Receive audio/video frames, and calculate the Presentation Time Stamp and the timer reference of programs of this audio/video frames;
Calculate maximum play time according to the audio and video buffer capacity of buffer area and the size of this audio/video frames;
Calculate the average decoding time of this audio/video frames;
According to relatively this Presentation Time Stamp and system clock, to obtain this Presentation Time Stamp before this audio/video frames decoding and the compared difference before decoding of this system clock; And
According to relatively this compared difference before decoding, this average decoding time and this maximum play time are selected corresponding synchronous condition.
2. the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box according to claim 1 is characterized in that this compared difference before decoding deducts this system clock for this Presentation Time Stamp, and the method for the corresponding synchronous condition of this selection more comprises:
When this compared difference before decoding during, use strict synchronous condition greater than the twice of this average decoding time and less than this maximum play time;
When this compared difference before decoding less than the twice of this average decoding time and greater than 0 the time, use loose synchronous condition; And
When this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or during greater than this maximum play time, adjust this system clock according to this Presentation Time Stamp, and according to adjusted this system clock this audio/video frames synchronously.
3. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that this strict synchronous condition comprises:
When play difference relatively less than 0 and the absolute value that should play difference relatively when playing the twice of an audio/video frames reproduction time, give up this audio/video frames; And
When difference is compared in this broadcast greater than this maximum play time, give up this audio/video frames;
Wherein, this broadcast this demonstration time marking and this system clock poor when relatively difference is play for this audio/video frames.
4. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that this strict synchronous condition more comprises:
Play relatively difference greater than 0 and during when this less than this maximum play time, store this audio/video frames in this buffer area to wait for; And
When this broadcast when relatively difference equals 0, maybe should broadcasts comparison difference less than 0 but its absolute value when being not more than the twice of an audio/video frames reproduction time of broadcast, the playing audio-video frame.
5. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that this loose synchronous condition comprises:
When this plays relatively difference less than 0, and its absolute value greater than the twice of playing an audio/video frames time and this average decoding time six times and the time, give up this audio/video frames; And
When difference is compared in this broadcast greater than this maximum play time, give up this audio/video frames.
6. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that this loose synchronous condition more comprises:
Play relatively difference greater than 0 and during when this, store audio/video frames in this buffer area less than this maximum play time; And
When this broadcast when relatively difference equals 0, maybe should broadcasts comparison difference less than 0 and its absolute value be not more than the twice of an audio/video frames time of broadcast and this average decoding time six times and the time, play this audio/video frames.
7. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that, and " when this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or greater than this maximum play time " time step more comprise:
Freely play this audio/video frames, it is poor with the reproduction time that is stored in the audio/video frames reproduction time in this buffer area to deposit this buffer area this Presentation Time Stamp before in by calculating, and relatively this system clock and this reproduction time are poor, difference when between this system clock and this reproduction time difference is greater than the half of the time of playing an audio/video frames, and adjustment makes this system clock consistent with this reproduction time difference.
8. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that, and " when this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or greater than this maximum play time " time step more comprise:
When this plays relatively difference less than 0, and its absolute value is given up this audio/video frames when playing the twice of an audio/video frames reproduction time; And
When difference is compared in this broadcast greater than this maximum play time, give up this audio/video frames.
9. as the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that, and " when this compared difference before decoding less than 0 or greater than this maximum play time " time step more comprise:
Play relatively difference greater than 0 and during when this, store this audio/video frames and in this buffer area, wait for less than this maximum play time; And
When this broadcast when relatively difference equals 0, maybe should broadcasts comparison difference less than 0 and its absolute value when being not more than the twice of an audio/video frames reproduction time of broadcast, play this audio/video frames.
10. the method for synchronous of the audio/video frames of set-top box according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein this maximum play time equals this audio and video buffer capacity divided by the size of this audio/video frames and be multiplied by and play an audio/video frames time.
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