CN101777773A - Ant colony algorithm-based small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ant colony algorithm-based small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system, which comprises a wind power generation system; the output end of the wind power generation system is connected with a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit; the output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit is connected with a boost chopper; the output end of the boost chopper is connected to a direct current bus DC-BUS which is also connected with a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, a direct current load and an inverter circuit; the output end of the charging circuit is connected with a storage battery; the output end of the storage battery is connected with the input end of the discharging circuit; the output end of the inverter circuit is connected with a switch circuit; and the other end of the switch circuit is connected with a power grid and an alternating current load. The method improves the generating efficiency of the small household wind power generation system; and the energy flowing mode in the small wind power generation system is uniformly planned and controlled. The system and the method are widely applied to the wind energy industry.

Description

Small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system and method based on ant group algorithm

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of management system and method thereof, particularly a kind of small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system and method.

Background technology

Wind generator system has two kinds of different types, that is: " grid type " of " from the net type " of independent operating and access power system operation." from the net type " wind generator system and electrical network break away from, and combine by energy storage device such as storage battery or with other energy source utilizing electricity generating techns (as wind-powered electricity generation-water power complementary system, wind-powered electricity generation-diesel engine unit associating electric power system) can solve the powerup issue of remote districts." grid type " wind generator system inserts electrical network, by energy management control system, can provide electric energy for electrical network, and ensures the reliability service of load.

At present, based on " from the net type ", " grid type " is auxilliary with miniature wind power generation system at domestic family.Cause the reason of such situation to have a lot, wherein most importantly because " grid type " small-sized family lacks effective energy management measure with wind generator system.When real-time wind speed was in the work wind speed range of wind-driven generator, the electric energy that magneto alternator sends was transported to electrical network by convertor assembly; The work wind speed range that is not in wind-driven generator when real-time wind speed is that the electric energy that magneto alternator sends is let out and removed by the drain charge device.So single control mode usually cause the capacity usage ratio of wind-driven generator very low, and the power supply stability of load can not get effective guarantee.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of generating efficiency height, small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system that electric is stable based on ant group algorithm.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of capacity usage ratio height, can make the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management method based on ant group algorithm of unified planning and control to the energy Flow mode in the miniature wind power generation system.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

Small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system based on ant group algorithm, comprise wind generator system, the output of described wind generator system is connected with the unsettled alternating current of frequency is converted into the uncontrollable rectification circuit of galvanic three-phase, the output of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase is connected with the boost chopper that low pressure and unsettled direct current is converted into stable high voltage direct current electric energy, the output of described boost chopper is connected on the dc bus DC-BUS, described dc bus DC-BUS also is connected with charging circuit, discharge circuit, DC load and inverter circuit, the output of described charging circuit is connected with storage battery, the output of described storage battery is connected with the input of discharge circuit, the output of described inverter circuit connects a switching circuit, and the other end of described switching circuit is connected with electrical network and AC load;

When the energy on the dc bus DC-BUS was sufficient, will be followed successively by DC load according to priority provided energy, by charging circuit storage battery is implemented charging, provided energy by inverter circuit for electrical network and AC load;

When the energy shortage on the dc bus DC-BUS, storage battery provides energy by discharge circuit for dc bus DC-BUS;

Described accumulator cell charging and discharging and switch adopt ant group algorithm control.

Further, described charging circuit is the step-down charging circuit.

Further, described discharge circuit is a boost chopper.

Further, the output of described wind generator system also is connected with the generator speed testing circuit, also be connected with the drain charge device between uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase and the boost chopper, the input of described drain charge device is connected with the output of generator speed testing circuit, when blower fan failed to reach rated speed, described drain charge device was let out except that energy.

Further, also be connected with the electric weight testing circuit between the output of described storage battery and the discharge circuit, when storage battery hanged down electric weight, storage battery entered guard mode and stops power supply.

Small wind power generation grid-connected energy management method based on ant group algorithm may further comprise the steps:

A1: initialization makes time t=0 and cycle-index N _cNumber of times is provided with maximum cycle

M ant placed on n the energy Flow pattern at random, make every limit (i, initialization information amount τ j) _Ij(0)=const, and initial time Δ τ _Ij(0)=0;

A2: cycle-index N _c← N _c+ 1;

A3: the taboo table index k=1 of ant;

A4: ant number k ← k+1;

A5: the probability that the ant individuality calculates according to the state transitions formula is selected city j and is advanced;

A6: revise the taboo table, ant is moved to the new town j that chooses, and city j is added in the taboo table of this ant individuality;

A7: if the city has not traveled through among the set C, promptly k＜m then jumps to the A4 step, otherwise carries out the A8 step;

A8: upgrade the amount of information on every paths;

A9: if satisfy termination condition, if i.e. cycle-index $N_c\≥N_{c_{\max }},$ Then loop ends and output program result of calculation go on foot otherwise empty the taboo table and jump to A2.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: system of the present invention is by the convertor assembly in the miniature wind power generation system, and under the prerequisite that satisfies the electric requirement, the electric energy that miniature wind power generation system is sent is transported to electrical network to greatest extent; When occurring the not good weather conditions of wind regime continuously, by rational energy scheduling controlling in real time, the electric energy in the electrical network is fed back in the wind generator system, with the operation stability of the load that guarantees to link to each other with wind generator system.

Another beneficial effect of the present invention is: the inventive method improves the generating efficiency of family with miniature wind power generation system, widen its range of application, need make unified planning and control to the energy Flow mode in the miniature wind power generation system according to the characteristics of wind energy.By rational control mode, miniature wind power generation system can all can be moved under different wind regime with higher efficient.

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the preferred embodiments of the present invention system block diagrams;

Fig. 3 is the ant group algorithm schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 is the software flow pattern of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Embodiment

With reference to Fig. 1, small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system based on ant group algorithm, comprise wind generator system 1, the output of described wind generator system 1 is connected with the unsettled alternating current of frequency is converted into the uncontrollable rectification circuit 2 of galvanic three-phase, the output of the uncontrollable rectification circuit 2 of described three-phase is connected with the boost chopper 3 that low pressure and unsettled direct current is converted into stable high voltage direct current electric energy, the output of described boost chopper 3 is connected on the dc bus DC-BUS4, described dc bus DC-BUS4 also is connected with charging circuit 10, discharge circuit 11, DC load 6 and inverter circuit 7, the output of described charging circuit 10 is connected with storage battery 5, the output of described storage battery 5 is connected with the input of discharge circuit 11, the output of described inverter circuit 7 connects a switching circuit 12, and the other end of described switching circuit 12 is connected with electrical network 8 and AC load 9;

When the energy on the dc bus DC-BUS4 was sufficient, will be followed successively by DC load 6 according to priority provided energy, implements charging, provides energy by inverter circuit 7 for electrical network 8 and AC load 9 by 10 pairs of storage batterys of charging circuit 5;

When the energy shortage on the dc bus DC-BUS4, storage battery 5 provides energy by discharge circuit 11 for dc bus DC-BUS4;

Described storage battery 5 discharges and recharges with switch 12 and adopts ant group algorithm control.

Further, described charging circuit 10 is the step-down charging circuit.

Further, described discharge circuit 11 is a boost chopper.

With further reference to Fig. 2, the output of described wind generator system 1 also is connected with generator speed testing circuit 13, also be connected with drain charge device 14 between uncontrollable rectification circuit 2 of described three-phase and the boost chopper 3, the input of described drain charge device 14 is connected with the output of generator speed testing circuit 13, when blower fan failed to reach rated speed, described drain charge device 14 was let out except that energy.

Further, also be connected with electric weight testing circuit 15 between the output of described storage battery 5 and the discharge circuit 11, when storage battery hanged down electric weight, storage battery entered guard mode and stops power supply.

As preferred embodiment, in miniature wind power generation system, vertical axis or horizontal-shaft wind turbine capturing wind energy, and convert it into mechanical energy.Magneto alternator is converted into the AC energy that frequency changes with wind speed with mechanical energy.The uncontrollable rectification circuit of three-phase is converted into direct current with the unsettled alternating current of frequency, and is transported to the low-pressure end of BOOST circuit.The BOOST circuit is converted into stable high voltage electric energy with low pressure and unsettled direct current energy, and is transported to DC-BUS.According to the requirement of energy control, when the energy on the DC-BUS is sufficient, will for DC load provides energy, implement charging according to certain priority to storage battery, provide energy by inverter circuit for electrical network and AC load.When the energy shortage on the DC-BUS, storage battery will provide energy for DC-BUS by discharge circuit, thus the reliability service of the system of assurance.The energy management control algolithm is the operating state according to magneto alternator, storage battery, electrical network, the BOOST translation circuit of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of control three-phase rear end, BUCK charging circuit between storage battery and the DC-BUS, BOOST discharge circuit, the switching circuit between electrical network and the AC-BUS is operated in appropriate pattern.Thereby make magneto alternator, storage battery, three energy source co-ordinations of electrical network, guarantee the safe and stable operation of system and the reasonable utilization of energy.

To the magneto alternator rotating speed of the small-size wind power-generating decorum, voltage, the electric current of rectification circuit and accumulator charging/discharging circuit detect, and can the operating state of wind generator system be divided into different mode of operations according to the difference of detection limit.For example:

Pattern 1:

Blower fan fails to reach the rotating speed of operate as normal, and the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of three-phase fails to reach normal value, does not meet the requirement of inverter circuit, and its energy is let out by the drain charge device and removed.Storage battery provides DC load institute energy requirement by DC-BUS, and storage battery and electrical network provide energy for AC load jointly.

Pattern 2:

Blower fan fails to reach the rotating speed of operate as normal, and the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of three-phase fails to reach normal value, does not meet the requirement of inverter circuit, and its energy is let out by the drain charge device and removed.Meanwhile, electrical network is in maintenance or power down mode.Storage battery provides energy by DC-BUS for direct current, AC load.When the voltage of storage battery is lower than 44V, storage battery enters guard mode, and load will quit work, and system changes shutdown mode over to.

One, the principle of set forth in detail ant colony optimization algorithm at first:

Find according to bionicist's long term studies:, can on the path, discharge a kind of special secretion-information during motion and usually seek the path though ant does not have vision.When they run into a crossing of also not passing by, just select a paths randomly and move ahead, can discharge the pheromones relevant simultaneously with path.The ant path that walks is long more, and then the pheromones quantity of Shi Fanging is more little.When ant was afterwards met this crossing once more, path probability will be relatively large greatly to select pheromones quantity, formed a positive feedback mechanism like this.Pheromones quantity on the optimal path is increasing, and pheromones quantity can be subdued as time goes by on other the path, and final whole ant group can find out optimal path.And the ant variation that can also conform, when barrier occurring suddenly on ant group's the motion path, ant also can pick up optimal path soon.As seen seek in the process of footpath whole, though the selective power of single ant is limited, but the effect by pheromones makes whole ant group's behavior have very high self-organization, exchanging routing information between the ant, finally find out optimal path by collective's self-catalysis behavior of ant group, the algorithm schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3.

Two, then introduce the Mathematical Modeling of ant group algorithm:

Ant group algorithm comprises two root phases: laundering period and cooperation stage.In the laundering period, each candidate solution is constantly adjusted self structure according to the information of accumulation, and the ant of process is many more on the path, and pheromones quantity is big more, and then this path is easy more selected; Time is long more, and pheromones quantity is more little.In the cooperation stage, by information interchange, produce performance with expectation and better separate between the candidate solution.

If C={c ₁, c ₂... c _nBe the set of energy Flow pattern, L={l _Ij| c _i, c _j∈ C} is the set that element connects in twos among the set C, d _Ij=(i, j=1,2 ... n) be l _IjDistance:

$d_{\mathrm{ij}}=\sqrt{{(x_i-x_j)}^2+{(y_i-y_j)}^2}$ (formula 1)

G=(C L) is a directed graph, and the purpose of this algorithm is to seek out the shortest Hamiltion of length circle from directed graph G, this promptly one to C={c ₁, c ₂... c _nIn n element visit and only visit once the shortest closed curve.

If b _i(t) expression t is positioned at the number of the ant of element i, τ constantly _Ij(t) be that (m is the number of ant among the ant group to t, then for i, j) the pheromones quantity on constantly $m=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{b}_i\left(t\right),$ Γ={ τ i _j(t) | c _i, c _j∈ C} is that t gathers constantly that element connects l in twos among the C _IjOn residual risk prime number duration set.Pheromones quantity equates on each paths of initial time, establishes τ _Ij(0)=and const, the optimizing of ant group algorithm is that (C, L Γ) realize by directed graph g=.

Three, introduce at last based on the energy management of ant group algorithm control:

In order to realize that ant group algorithm is applied in the middle of the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system, ant group algorithm is carried out following improvement: establishing has n kind mode of operation in the small-size wind power-generating grid-connected system, n kind mode of operation is numbered from 1～n.According to the principle of ant group algorithm, can divide the project period of energy management carry out in n step, each the energy management pattern that can select in the step is N _ImaxTherefore, the energy management model selection in this step is $x_i^t=\mathrm{0,1},...N_{i\max }$ Be total to N _Imax+ a kind.In the process of motion, each step of ant is determined an x _i ^tValue, promptly each ant i step from (0,1 ... N _Imax) in choose the actual enlarging feeder number of a value as circuit to be selected corridor, select which value to determine by following state transitions rule.

As q≤q ₀Shi Ze

(formula 2)

Otherwise

(formula 3)

In the formula: q is one and is distinguishing [0,1] upward equally distributed stochastic variable, q ₀Be a constant, 0≤q ₀≤ 1.ρ _k ^t(i, j) expression ant k is at the state transition probability of the i step selection progress path j of t in the stage; τ _k ^t(i, j) pheromone concentration of expression ant k on the i step selection progress path j of t in the stage; L _k ^t(i) expression ant k is at all progress paths of the i step selection of t in the stage.When proceeding to n during the step, be { x in the n of this stage miniature wind power generation system kind energy management pattern ₁ ^t, x ₂ ^t... x _n ^t, then this stage has been finished the selection of energy management mode of operation direction, and the preliminary embodiment of miniature wind power generation system energy management pattern has just been determined in this energy management mode of operation set.So enter next stage, when selecting the energy management mode of operation, just can only

In select a kind of pattern as the current energy management mode of operation of system.So like this, finish the selection in all stages, obtain a kind of definite energy management mode of operation $X=[(x_1^1,...x_n^1),...,(x_n^1,...x_n^n)].$ Certainly will carry out local updating after every ant is finished a step, its rule is as follows:

${\mathrm{\τ}}_k^t(i,j)={\mathrm{\τ}}_k^t(i,j)+{\mathrm{\τ}}_0\frac{1}{2^{\frac{N}{2}}\mathrm{\Γ}\left(\frac{N}{2}\right)}{x}^{\frac{N}{2}-1}{e}^{-\frac{x}{2}}$ (formula 4)

In the formula, x is present selected energy management mode of operation number, and Γ () represents gamma function, and N gets natural number.

After all ants are finished once travelling, carry out the overall situation according to following formula and upgrade simultaneously:

${\mathrm{\τ}}^t(i,j)=(1-\mathrm{\ρ}){\mathrm{\τ}}^t(i,j)+\mathrm{\ρ\Δ}{\mathrm{\τ}}_p^t(i,j)$ (formula 5)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\τ}}_p^t(i,j)=Q/f_p(s,t)$ (formula 6)

Wherein, Q is a constant, f _p(s t) is the target function of current optimal case, adopts the plain volatilization of self adaptation adjustment information factor ρ here, allows pheromones keep within the specific limits.According to a programme that obtains, carry out the N-1 safety verification: on NL bar circuit corridor, carry out nl broken string and analyze, obtain the analog value in the target function.

The algorithm performing step as shown in Figure 4.

Small wind power generation grid-connected energy management method based on ant group algorithm may further comprise the steps:

A1: initialization makes time t=0 and cycle-index N _cNumber of times is provided with maximum cycle M ant placed on n the energy Flow pattern at random, make every limit (i, initialization information amount τ j) _Ij(0)=const, and initial time Δ τ _Ij(0)=0;

A2: cycle-index N _c← N _c+ 1;

A3: the taboo table index k=1 of ant;

A4: ant number k ← k+1;

A5: the probability that the ant individuality calculates according to the state transitions formula is selected city j and is advanced;

A6: revise the taboo table, ant is moved to the new town j that chooses, and city j is added in the taboo table of this ant individuality;

A7: if the city has not traveled through among the set C, promptly k＜m then jumps to the A4 step, otherwise carries out the A8 step;

A8: upgrade the amount of information on every paths;

A9: if satisfy termination condition, if i.e. cycle-index $N_c\≥N_{c_{\max }},$ Then loop ends and output program result of calculation go on foot otherwise empty the taboo table and jump to A2.

More than be that preferable enforcement of the present invention is specified, but the invention is not limited to described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art also can make all equivalent variations or replacement under the prerequisite of spirit of the present invention, modification that these are equal to or replacement all are included in the application's claim institute restricted portion.

Claims (6)

1. based on the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system of ant group algorithm, it is characterized in that: comprise wind generator system (1), the output of described wind generator system (1) is connected with the unsettled alternating current of frequency is converted into the uncontrollable rectification circuit of galvanic three-phase (2), the output of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase (2) is connected with the boost chopper (3) that low pressure and unsettled direct current is converted into stable high voltage direct current electric energy, the output of described boost chopper (3) is connected on the dc bus DC-BUS (4), described dc bus DC-BUS (4) also is connected with charging circuit (10), discharge circuit (11), DC load (6) and inverter circuit (7), the output of described charging circuit (10) is connected with storage battery (5), the output of described storage battery (5) is connected with the input of discharge circuit (11), the output of described inverter circuit (7) connects a switching circuit (12), and the other end of described switching circuit (12) is connected with electrical network (8) and AC load (9);

When the energy on the dc bus DC-BUS (4) was sufficient, will be followed successively by DC load (6) according to priority provided energy, by charging circuit (10) storage battery (5) is implemented charging, provided energy by inverter circuit (7) for electrical network (8) and AC load (9);

When the energy shortage on the dc bus DC-BUS (4), storage battery (5) provides energy by discharge circuit (11) for dc bus DC-BUS (4);

Described storage battery (5) discharges and recharges and switch (12) adopts ant group algorithm control.

2. the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system based on ant group algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described charging circuit (10) is the step-down charging circuit.

3. the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system based on ant group algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described discharge circuit (11) is a boost chopper.

4. the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system based on ant group algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output of described wind generator system (1) also is connected with generator speed testing circuit (13), also be connected with drain charge device (14) between uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase (2) and the boost chopper (3), the input of described drain charge device (14) is connected with the output of generator speed testing circuit (13), when blower fan failed to reach rated speed, described drain charge device (14) was let out except that energy.

5. the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management system based on ant group algorithm according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: also be connected with electric weight testing circuit (15) between the output of described storage battery (5) and the discharge circuit (11); when storage battery hanged down electric weight, storage battery entered guard mode and stops power supply.

6. based on the small wind power generation grid-connected energy management method of ant group algorithm, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:

A1: initialization makes time t=0 and cycle-index N _cNumber of times is provided with maximum cycle

M ant placed on n the energy Flow pattern at random, make every limit (i, initialization information amount τ j) _Ij(0)=const, and initial time Δ τ _Ij(0)=0;

A2: cycle-index N _c← N _c+ 1;

A3: the taboo table index k=1 of ant;

A4: ant number k ← k+1;

A5: the probability that the ant individuality calculates according to the state transitions formula is selected city j and is advanced;

A6: revise the taboo table, ant is moved to the new town j that chooses, and city j is added in the taboo table of this ant individuality;

A7: if the city has not traveled through among the set C, promptly k＜m then jumps to the A4 step, otherwise carries out the A8 step;

A8: upgrade the amount of information on every paths;

A9: if satisfy termination condition, if i.e. cycle-index

Then loop ends and output program result of calculation go on foot otherwise empty the taboo table and jump to A2.

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