CN101777393B - Method for cooling circulating water of conventional island in 1000MW level inland nuclear power plant - Google Patents
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种1000MW级内陆核电厂常规岛循环水冷却方法。该方法采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合的冷却方法,每年11月~第2年3月,由自然通风冷却塔单独运行;每年4月~10月,采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔联合运行方式。当湿球温度达到夏季频率10%湿球温度时,机械通风冷却塔最高段数18~24段全部运行;当湿球温度低于夏季频率10%湿球温度但高于最近5年3~10月平均湿球温度时,机械通风冷却塔在最高段数18~24段以内部分运行。解决了采用自然通风冷却塔冷却,冷却塔设计高度和淋水面积大,施工难度高,冷却效果一般,安全隐患大、投资较高的问题。组合冷却方法能减少冷却塔总投资费用30%以上。A 1000MW level inland nuclear power plant conventional island circulating water cooling method. This method adopts the cooling method combining natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower. From November to March of the second year, the natural ventilation cooling tower is operated alone; from April to October every year, the natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation are used. Combined operation of cooling towers. When the wet bulb temperature reaches 10% of the summer frequency, all the 18 to 24 sections of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower will run; When the average wet bulb temperature is reached, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is partially operated within the maximum number of 18 to 24 sections. It solves the problems of using a natural ventilation cooling tower for cooling, the design height of the cooling tower and the large water spraying area, high construction difficulty, general cooling effect, large safety hazards, and high investment. The combined cooling method can reduce the total investment cost of the cooling tower by more than 30%.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种1000MW级内陆核电厂常规岛循环水的冷却方法。The invention relates to a cooling method for circulating water of a conventional island of a 1000MW inland nuclear power plant.
背景技术 Background technique
中国目前已投入运营和在建核电厂均为滨海厂址,核电发展势必要求有一定数量的核电厂要建在内陆地区。全世界现已运行的核电厂中,位于内陆地区的占全部核电装机容量的2/3以上。美国内陆核电厂的比例超过80%;加拿大除个别滨海核电厂外绝大多数是内陆核电厂;法国共有19座核电厂,15座位于内陆,占总装机容量的68.6%。2008年2月,中国国家发改委召开了内陆地区核电发展工作会议,明确了开展内陆核电厂建设前期工作的要求。迄今为止,已有10多个内陆省份开展了核电建设有关工作。预计从2011年到2020年,中国内陆核电装机将达到10000MW,至少每年需要建设1座1000MW级内陆核电厂。China's current nuclear power plants in operation and under construction are all coastal sites, and the development of nuclear power will inevitably require a certain number of nuclear power plants to be built in inland areas. Among the operating nuclear power plants in the world, those located in inland regions account for more than two-thirds of the total nuclear power installed capacity. The proportion of inland nuclear power plants in the United States exceeds 80%; Canada has a total of 19 nuclear power plants, 15 of which are located inland, accounting for 68.6% of the total installed capacity. In February 2008, China's National Development and Reform Commission held a working conference on nuclear power development in inland areas, which clarified the requirements for the preliminary work of inland nuclear power plant construction. So far, more than 10 inland provinces have carried out work related to nuclear power construction. It is estimated that from 2011 to 2020, China's inland nuclear power installed capacity will reach 10,000MW, and at least one 1,000MW-class inland nuclear power plant needs to be built every year.
国外投运的最高湿冷塔为德国Niederaussem电厂排烟冷却塔,底部直径约147m、塔高200m、淋水面积14520m2;国外投运的淋水面积最大塔为德国ISAR2核电厂冷却塔,底部直径152.6m、塔高165m、淋水面积16300m2;中国国内乃至亚洲投运的最大自然通风冷却塔是国华宁海电厂二期工程建设的2座底部直径142.3m、高177.2m、淋水面积13000m2的海水冷却塔。The highest wet cooling tower put into operation abroad is the flue gas cooling tower of Niederaussem power plant in Germany, with a bottom diameter of about 147m, a tower height of 200m, and a water spraying area of 14520m2 ; 152.6m, tower height 165m, water spraying area 16300m 2 ; the largest natural ventilation cooling towers put into operation in China and even in Asia are the two towers in the second phase construction of Guohua Ninghai Power Plant with a bottom diameter of 142.3m, a height of 177.2m, and a water spraying area of 13000m 2 seawater cooling towers.
由于中国内陆气象条件因素,内陆核电厂址区域年平均气温较高,夏季气候湿热且持续时间长,如果仅采用自然通风冷却塔方法冷却,1000MW级核电厂常规岛循环水冷却所配自然通风冷却塔,需要达到淋水面积约16000~18000m2,高度约200m及以上。其冷却塔规模(塔高和淋水面积)将大于世界上已投产1000MW级核电厂1机1塔方案的冷却塔。到目前为止,国内外还没有工程实例,无论是依托国外工程公司还是国内自主设计,都需要对核电超大型冷却塔的热力和阻力计算、塔型几何尺寸、填料性能、配水系统、冷却塔风压分布曲线、风振系数和抗震安全性等进行专门研究,设计和施工难度高,安全隐患大,冷却效果一般。自然通风冷却塔的淋水面积为12000~14000m2时,冷却塔投资约为6800元/m2;当自然通风冷却塔的淋水面积增加到16000~18000m2时,冷却塔投资增长到10000元/m2左右。因此,随着冷却塔高度和淋水面积的增加,其投资成本也将会大幅度提高。如果1000MW级核电厂常规岛循环水仅采用机械通风冷却塔方法冷却,将造成风机数量较多,风机等机械设备常年几乎全负荷运行,机械设备检修维护量大、耗电量和运行费用高。与采用自然通风冷却塔方法冷却相比,全年汽轮机微增出力增加不多,经济上不合理。Due to China's inland meteorological conditions, the annual average temperature of the inland nuclear power plant site area is high, and the summer climate is hot and humid for a long time. If only natural ventilation cooling towers are used for cooling, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of 1000MW nuclear power plants is equipped with natural ventilation. The cooling tower needs to reach a water spraying area of about 16,000-18,000m 2 and a height of about 200m or above. The scale of its cooling tower (tower height and water spraying area) will be larger than the cooling towers in the world that have put into operation 1000MW nuclear power plants with one unit and one tower. So far, there are no engineering examples at home and abroad. Whether relying on foreign engineering companies or domestic independent design, it is necessary to calculate the heat and resistance of super-large nuclear power cooling towers, tower geometry, packing performance, water distribution system, and cooling tower wind. The pressure distribution curve, wind vibration coefficient and seismic safety are specially studied. The design and construction are difficult, the safety hazard is large, and the cooling effect is average. When the water spraying area of the natural ventilation cooling tower is 12000-14000m2, the cooling tower investment is about 6800 yuan/ m2 ; when the water spraying area of the natural ventilation cooling tower increases to 16000-18000m2 , the cooling tower investment increases to 10000 yuan / m2 or so. Therefore, with the increase of cooling tower height and water spraying area, its investment cost will also be greatly increased. If the circulating water of the conventional island of a 1000MW nuclear power plant is only cooled by the method of mechanical ventilation cooling towers, there will be a large number of fans, and mechanical equipment such as fans will run almost at full load all year round. The maintenance of mechanical equipment will be large, and the power consumption and operating costs will be high. Compared with the natural draft cooling tower cooling method, the slight increase in output of the steam turbine throughout the year is not much, which is economically unreasonable.
因此,1000MW级核电厂常规岛循环水仅采用自然通风冷却塔方法冷却或仅采用机械通风冷却塔方法冷却均不合理。Therefore, it is unreasonable to use only natural ventilation cooling towers or mechanical ventilation cooling towers for the circulating water of conventional islands in 1000MW nuclear power plants.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的问题,提供一种1000MW级内陆核电厂常规岛循环水的冷却方法。The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the existing problems in the prior art and provide a cooling method for the circulating water of the conventional island of a 1000MW inland nuclear power plant.
本发明的技术方案:Technical scheme of the present invention:
一种1000MW级内陆核电厂常规岛循环水的冷却方法,该方法采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合冷却,具体包括以下步骤:A cooling method for circulating water in a conventional island of a 1000MW inland nuclear power plant, the method adopts a combined cooling of a natural draft cooling tower and a mechanical draft cooling tower, and specifically includes the following steps:
步骤一,自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔选型;Step 1, selection of natural draft cooling tower and mechanical draft cooling tower;
步骤二,每年11月~第2年3月,1000MW级内陆核电厂常规岛循环水冷却由自然通风冷却塔单独运行;Step 2, from November to March of the second year, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of the 1000MW inland nuclear power plant is operated independently by the natural draft cooling tower;
每年4月~10月,1000MW级内陆核电厂常规岛循环水冷却采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔联合运行方式,当湿球温度达到夏季频率10%湿球温度时,机械通风冷却塔最高段数18~24段全部运行;当湿球温度低于夏季频率10%湿球温度但高于最近5年3~10月平均湿球温度时,机械通风冷却塔在最高段数18~24段以内部分运行。From April to October every year, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of 1000MW inland nuclear power plants adopts the joint operation mode of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower. When the wet bulb temperature reaches 10% wet bulb temperature of summer frequency, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower The highest number of sections 18 to 24 are all in operation; when the wet bulb temperature is lower than the wet bulb temperature of 10% of the summer frequency but higher than the average wet bulb temperature from March to October in the last five years, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is within the highest number of sections 18 to 24 partially run.
所述的自然通风冷却塔按最近5年3~10月平均湿球温度为17.5℃~19.5℃,自然通风冷却塔淋水面积为12000m2~14000m2的条件选型。The natural draft cooling tower is selected according to the condition that the average wet bulb temperature is 17.5°C-19.5°C from March to October in the last five years, and the water spraying area of the natural draft cooling tower is 12000m 2 -14000m 2 .
所述的机械通风冷却塔按最近5年3~10月平均湿球温度为17.5℃~19.5℃,夏季频率10%湿球温度为25℃~27℃时,机械通风冷却塔风机功率N=160~250kW,风机直径9140mm,单塔冷却水量为3500~4500m3/h,冷却塔最高段数M=18~24的条件选型。According to the average wet bulb temperature of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower from March to October in the last 5 years, it is 17.5°C to 19.5°C, and the summer frequency 10% wet bulb temperature is 25°C to 27°C, the fan power of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is N=160 ~250kW, fan diameter 9140mm, the cooling water volume of a single tower is 3500-4500m 3 /h, and the maximum number of sections of the cooling tower M=18-24.
本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:
预计从2011年到2020年,中国内陆核电装机将达到10000MW,至少每年需要建设1台1000MW级内陆核电机组,如果常规岛循环水仅采用自然通风冷却塔方法冷却,需建设1座淋水面积约16000~18000m2(高约200m)的超大型自然通风冷却塔。如果采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合冷却方法,技术上可充分发挥自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔各自优势,优化自然通风冷却塔的高度和淋水面积,充分发挥机械通风冷却塔在夏季高温高湿条件下冷却效果好的尖峰冷却作用。虽然每年4月~10月开启机械通风冷却塔,增加了用电量,但由于汽轮机微增出力也增加,发电量也略有增加,因此对核电厂的发电效益影响不大。自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合冷却方法设计和施工方案成熟、难度较小,可利用现有的冷却塔设计和运行经验,冷却效果好;经济上每座冷却塔至少能够降低投资费用约5400万元,约占冷却塔总投资的30%以上,预计从2011年到2020年,国家将节省投资超过5.4亿元。It is estimated that from 2011 to 2020, China's inland nuclear power installed capacity will reach 10,000 MW, and at least one 1,000 MW-level inland nuclear power unit needs to be built every year. If the circulating water of the conventional island is only cooled by natural ventilation cooling towers, it is necessary to build a shower Super large natural ventilation cooling tower with an area of about 16,000-18,000m 2 (about 200m in height). If the combined cooling method of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower is adopted, technically, the respective advantages of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower can be fully utilized, the height and spraying area of natural ventilation cooling tower can be optimized, and the mechanical ventilation cooling tower can be fully utilized. Peak cooling effect with good cooling effect under high temperature and high humidity conditions in summer. Although the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is turned on from April to October every year, which increases electricity consumption, the slight increase in output of the steam turbine also increases the power generation, so it has little impact on the power generation efficiency of the nuclear power plant. The combined cooling method design and construction scheme of natural draft cooling tower and mechanical draft cooling tower are mature and less difficult. The existing cooling tower design and operation experience can be used, and the cooling effect is good; economically, each cooling tower can reduce the investment cost by at least about 54 million yuan, accounting for more than 30% of the total investment in cooling towers. It is estimated that from 2011 to 2020, the country will save more than 540 million yuan in investment.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例一Embodiment one
某内陆核电厂装机容量为2×1000MW(AP1000)级压水堆核电机组,常规岛循环水的冷却方法,采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合冷却方法:The installed capacity of an inland nuclear power plant is 2×1000MW (AP1000) level pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit. The cooling method of conventional island circulating water adopts the combined cooling method of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower:
该核电厂厂址区域最近5年3~10月平均湿球温度为19.5℃,夏季频率10%湿球温度为27℃。自然通风冷却塔选型为底部直径146.8m、高175m、淋水面积14000m2的逆流式自然通风冷却塔;机械通风冷却塔为24段机械通风冷却塔,每段机械通风冷却塔风机功率N=250kW,风机直径9140mm,单塔冷却水量为4500m3/h。The average wet bulb temperature of the nuclear power plant site area from March to October in the last five years is 19.5°C, and the wet bulb temperature at 10% frequency in summer is 27°C. The natural draft cooling tower is selected as a counterflow natural draft cooling tower with a bottom diameter of 146.8m, a height of 175m, and a water spray area of 14000m2 ; the mechanical draft cooling tower is a 24-stage mechanical draft cooling tower, and the fan power of each mechanical draft cooling tower is N= 250kW, fan diameter 9140mm, the cooling water volume of a single tower is 4500m 3 /h.
每年11月~第2年3月,核电厂常规岛循环水冷却由自然通风冷却塔单独运行。From November to March of the second year, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of the nuclear power plant is operated independently by the natural draft cooling tower.
每年4月~10月,核电厂常规岛循环水冷却采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔联合运行方式。当湿球温度达到27℃时,机械通风冷却塔最高段数24段全部运行;当湿球温度大于等于19.5℃并且小于等于23℃时,机械通风冷却塔段数从1段开始,湿球温度每增加0.5℃,增加1段运行;当湿球温度大于23℃并且小于等于27℃时,湿球温度每增加0.5℃,机械通风冷却塔增加2段运行。From April to October every year, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of the nuclear power plant adopts the combined operation mode of the natural draft cooling tower and the mechanical draft cooling tower. When the wet-bulb temperature reaches 27°C, the maximum number of 24 sections of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower will run; when the wet-bulb temperature is greater than or equal to 19.5°C and less than or equal to 23°C, the number of mechanical ventilation cooling tower sections will start from 1, and the wet-bulb temperature will increase every time 0.5°C, add 1 stage of operation; when the wet bulb temperature is greater than 23°C and less than or equal to 27°C, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower will increase 2 stages of operation for every 0.5°C increase in wet bulb temperature.
如果全年仅采用自然通风冷却塔对2×1000MW(AP1000)级压水堆核电机组常规岛循环水冷却,需要底部直径约164.7m、塔高200m、淋水面积18000m2逆流式自然通风冷却塔,投资约1.79亿元。本发明采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合工艺的冷却方法,投资约1.25亿元,节省5400万元,占总投资的30%。If only natural ventilation cooling towers are used throughout the year to cool the conventional island circulating water of 2×1000MW (AP1000) PWR nuclear power units, a counterflow natural ventilation cooling tower with a bottom diameter of about 164.7m, a tower height of 200m, and a water spraying area of 18000m2 is required , with an investment of about 179 million yuan. The present invention adopts the cooling method of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower combination technology, invests about 125 million yuan, saves 54 million yuan, accounts for 30% of total investment.
实施例二Embodiment two
某内陆核电厂装机容量为2×1000MW(AP1000)级压水堆核电机组,常规岛循环水的冷却方法,采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合冷却方法:The installed capacity of an inland nuclear power plant is 2×1000MW (AP1000) level pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit. The cooling method of conventional island circulating water adopts the combined cooling method of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower:
该核电厂厂址区域最近5年3~10月平均湿球温度为17.5℃,夏季频率10%湿球温度为25℃。自然通风冷却塔选型为底部直径132.8m、高165m、淋水面积12000m2的逆流式自然通风冷却塔;机械通风冷却塔选型为18段机械通风冷却塔,每段机械通风冷却塔风机功率N=160kW,风机直径9140mm,单塔冷却水量为3500m3/h。The site area of the nuclear power plant has an average wet bulb temperature of 17.5°C from March to October in the last five years, and a 10% frequency wet bulb temperature in summer of 25°C. The natural ventilation cooling tower is selected as a counterflow natural ventilation cooling tower with a bottom diameter of 132.8m, a height of 165m, and a water spray area of 12000m2 ; the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is selected as an 18-section mechanical ventilation cooling tower, and the fan power of each section of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower N=160kW, fan diameter 9140mm, the cooling water volume of a single tower is 3500m 3 /h.
每年11月~第2年3月,核电厂常规岛循环水冷却由自然通风冷却塔单独运行。From November to March of the second year, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of the nuclear power plant is operated independently by the natural draft cooling tower.
每年4月~10月,核电厂常规岛循环水冷却采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔联合运行方式。当湿球温度达到25℃时,机械通风冷却塔最高段数18段全部运行;当湿球温度大于等于17.5℃并且小于等于24℃时,机械通风冷却塔段数从1段开始,湿球温度每增加0.5℃,增加1段运行;当湿球温度大于24℃并且小于等于25℃时,湿球温度每增加0.5℃,机械通风冷却塔增加2段运行。From April to October every year, the circulating water cooling of the conventional island of the nuclear power plant adopts the combined operation mode of the natural draft cooling tower and the mechanical draft cooling tower. When the wet bulb temperature reaches 25°C, all 18 sections of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower will run; 0.5°C, add 1 stage of operation; when the wet bulb temperature is greater than 24°C and less than or equal to 25°C, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower will increase 2 stages of operation for every 0.5°C increase in wet bulb temperature.
如果全年仅采用自然通风冷却塔对2×1000MW(AP1000)级压水堆核电机组常规岛循环水冷却,需要底部直径约152.7m、塔高185m、淋水面积16000m2逆流式自然通风冷却塔,投资约1.53亿元。本发明采用自然通风冷却塔和机械通风冷却塔组合工艺的冷却方法,投资约0.98亿元,节省投资5500万元,占总投资的36%。If only natural ventilation cooling towers are used throughout the year to cool the conventional island circulating water of 2×1000MW (AP1000) PWR nuclear power units, a counterflow natural ventilation cooling tower with a bottom diameter of about 152.7m, a tower height of 185m, and a water spraying area of 16000m2 is required , with an investment of about 153 million yuan. The present invention adopts the cooling method of the combined process of natural ventilation cooling tower and mechanical ventilation cooling tower, and the investment is about 98 million yuan, which saves investment of 55 million yuan, accounting for 36% of the total investment.
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