CN101775498A - Pretreatment method of copper anode mud - Google Patents
Pretreatment method of copper anode mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775498A CN101775498A CN201019060009A CN201019060009A CN101775498A CN 101775498 A CN101775498 A CN 101775498A CN 201019060009 A CN201019060009 A CN 201019060009A CN 201019060009 A CN201019060009 A CN 201019060009A CN 101775498 A CN101775498 A CN 101775498A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pretreatment method of a copper anode mud, comprising the following steps that: the copper anode mud is screened and cleaned with hot water, then pressurized, oxidized and leached in an alkaline sodium hydroxide system, selenium and arsenic are oxidized to enter alkaline leach liquor, copper and tellurium are oxidized to enter alkaline leach slag, copper and tellurium are leached from the alkaline leach slag by sulfuric acid solution, and noble metals are enriched in acid leach slag. In the invention, the leaching rates of the selenium and arsenic are all more than 99 percent, the selenium and arsenic are eliminated completely, the concentration and recovery are convenient and the problem of dispersion of arsenic in the whole treatment technique of copper anode mud is solved; the leaching rate of copper is more than 98 percent, the leaching rate of tellurium is more than 78 percent, the eliminating effect of copper and tellurium is good, the recovery rate of tellurium is improved, and the following procedure treatment is beneficial; and the pretreatment method has little corrosion to equipment, safe operation, high enrichment ratio of noble metals, good comprehensive recovery benefit, low labor intensity, short treatment time and good operating environment.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to hydrometallurgy process in the field of metallurgy, particularly the Wet-process metallurgy method of pre-treatment copper anode mud effectively.
The background technology copper anode mud is the product of blister copper electrorefining process, mainly contains metals such as gold and silver, platinum metals, copper, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, lead, nickel, is the important source material of extracting precious metal.In order to extract the precious metal in the copper anode mud, need other earlier that content is high than precious metal base metal to separate and recovery, promptly before extracting precious metal, copper anode mud is carried out pre-treatment, remove, and then extract Jin Heyin with pyrogenic process or wet method to the big foreign metal of precious metal leaching process influence.
No matter be from copper anode mud, to extract precious metal with pyrogenic process or wet method, influencing bigger foreign metal mainly is arsenic, selenium, copper and tellurium etc., pretreated purpose is to remove these metals from copper anode mud, its major cause is: the one, and copper anode mud is in the pyrometallurgical smelting process, precious metal easily forms sulfonium mutually with selenium, tellurium and copper etc., causes precious metal to disperse, and the metal direct yield is low, arsenic is dispersed in each intermediate product in follow-up pyrogenic attack process in addition, has strengthened and has focused on difficulty; The 2nd, precious metals containing lead cupric, selenium and tellurium make the converting process lengthening when contour, and reagent consumption increase, energy consumption increase; The 3rd, copper, selenium, tellurium and arsenic etc. form intermetallic compound with precious metal in the copper anode mud, cause precious metal dissolving weak effect in the wet processing process, and the precious metal direct yield is low; The 4th, arsenic, selenium, copper and tellurium etc. easily enter the gold and silver purification process, influence the gold and silver quality product; So, no matter be with the precious metal in pyrogenic process or the wet method extraction copper anode mud, must remove these foreign metals in advance, to improve the precious metal rate of recovery, shorten treating processes, to improve the gold and silver quality product.
The research of the pretreatment process of relevant copper anode mud is a lot, mainly contain methods such as atmospheric oxidation decopper(ing) method, oxidizing roasting method, sulfurization roasting method, soda roasting method, sulfuric acid system pressure oxidation leaching-out method, beneficiation enrichment method, at present three kinds of sulfating roasting method, pressure oxidation acidleach method and beneficiation enrichment methods are arranged at the pretreatment process of industrial extensive employing.
The sulfating roasting method is that copper anode mud is mixed the back at the revolution roasting in kilns with the vitriol oil, makes selenolite change into volatile SeO
2And reclaim with the form of thick selenium, copper changes into the copper sulfate of solubility, uses the diluted acid dissolved copper again; This method has that maturing temperature is low, selenium and copper decreasing ratio advantages of higher, but the shortcoming that exists is that equipment corrosion is fast, aided process long, environmental pollution is serious, the arsenic scattering problem is outstanding.Pressure oxidation acidleach method is to adopt the mode of High Temperature High Pressure to strengthen the decopper(ing) reaction process at sulfuric acid system, and the leaching yield of this method copper reaches more than 98%, is attended by the dissolving of metals such as a spot of silver, selenium, tellurium, arsenic simultaneously; The advantage of this method is that copper decreasing ratio height, technological process are short, but has shortcomings such as equipment is perishable, the selen-tellurjum decreasing ratio is low, the arsenic scattering problem is outstanding.Floating and enriching method is that flotation was handled after copper anode mud adopted the atmospheric oxidation decopper(ing), base metals such as most of lead, antimony are separated with precious metal, gold and silver, selenium, tellurium and platinum metals etc. are enriched in the silver preparation concentrate, the silver preparation concentrate argentiferous that obtains reaches more than 50%, normal combining with copper anode mud pyrogenic attack process of this method is called selecting smelting combination technology, adopts roasting method to make selenium with tin anhydride volatilization recovery before retailoring again; This method have concentration of precious metal than high, technological process short, low cost and other advantages, but drawbacks limit such as big, the comprehensive recovering effect difference of its wastewater flow rate the popularization of this method.
Summary of the invention the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of copper anode mud of pre-treatment effectively and removes arsenic, selenium, tellurium and copper, and the free of contamination Wet-process metallurgy method of process.
The technical solution used in the present invention is in order to achieve the above object: after screening of copper anode mud process and the hot wash, carrying out pressure oxidation in alkaline hydrogen sodium oxide system leaches, selenium and arsenic is oxidized to enter alkaline leach liquor, copper and tellurium be oxidized to enter alkaline leached mud, the alkalescence leached mud leaches copper and tellurium with sulphuric acid soln again, and concentration of precious metal is at acid leached mud.
Concrete technological process and processing parameter are as follows:
1 screening and washing
With copper anode mud 70～90 ℃ of hot water pulping and washing of temperature, keeping the liquid-solid ratio ratio L/kg of solid weight (liquid volume with) is 3～8: 1 and reaction times 1～2h, before the solid-liquid separation with the aperture be the sieve screening of 150～840um to remove the large inclusionses such as blister copper in the copper anode mud, wash water send sulfuric acid leaching dosing.
2 alkaline pressure oxidations are leached
Copper anode mud concentration after the washing is 0.5～2.5molL
-1The sodium hydroxide solution pulp, the liquid-solid ratio ratio of solid weight (liquid volume with) is 3～10: 1, slurry is joined in the autoclave after stirring 0.5～2h; At the reactor packing volume than (slurry volume/reactor volume) 0.5～0.9 and stirring velocity 500～1000rmin
-1Condition under slowly be warming up to 150～250 ℃, aerating oxygen, adjusting oxygen partial pressure is 0.5～1.5MPa reaction, 2～6h; Begin cooling after reaching the reaction times, when temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and solid-liquid separation, obtain alkaline leach liquor and alkaline leached mud, the main chemical reactions of generation is as follows:
2Se+4NaOH+3O
2↑＝2Na
2SeO
4+2H
2O (1)
Ag
2Se+2NaOH+2O
2↑＝Na
2SeO
4+Ag
2O+H
2O (2)
2Cu
2Se+4NaOH+5O
2↑＝2Na
2SeO
4+4CuO+2H
2O (3)
CuS+2NaOH+O
2↑＝CuO+Na
2SO
4+H
2O (4)
Ag
2Te+2NaOH+2O
2↑＝Na
2O·TeO
3↓+Ag
2O+H
2O (5)
2Cu
2Te+4NaOH+5O
2↑＝Na
2O·TeO
3↓+4CuO+2H
2O (6)
Sb
2O
3+2NaOH+O
2↑＝2NaSbO
3↓+H
2O (7)
As
2O
3+2NaOH+O
2↑＝2NaAsO
3+H
2O (8)
3 sulfuric acid leach
The agitation leach in sulphuric acid soln of alkalescence leached mud, sulphuric acid soln is prepared with the wash water and the sulfuric acid of copper anode mud, and sulphuric acid soln concentration is 1.5～3.5molL
-1, the liquid-solid ratio ratio L/kg of solid weight (liquid volume with) is 3～10: 1, stirring velocity 300～600rmin
-1, 35～90 ℃ of temperature condition under react 2～6h, obtain acid leaching solution and acid leached mud, acid leached mud reclaims precious metal, acid leaching solution reclaims the main chemical reactions that copper and tellurium take place and is:
CuO+H
2SO
4＝CuSO
4+H
2O (9)
Na
2O·TeO
3+H
2SO
4＝H
2TeO
4+Na
2SO
4 (10)
Ag
2O+2H
2SO
4＝2AgHSO
4+H
2O (11)
Described sodium hydroxide, oxygen and sulfuric acid are technical grade reagent.
Compare with traditional copper anode mud pretreatment process, the present invention has following advantage: alkaline pressure oxidation leaching process, the leaching yield of selenium and arsenic all reach more than 99%, and removing of selenium and arsenic is complete, be convenient to concentrate and reclaim, solved the scattering problem of arsenic in whole copper anode mud treatment process; When alkalescence leached mud sulfuric acid leached, the leaching yield of copper reached more than 98%, and the leaching yield of tellurium reaches more than 78%, and copper and tellurium removal effect are good, have improved the rate of recovery of tellurium, was beneficial to subsequent handling and handled; Adopt the alkaline system pressure oxidation to leach, equipment corrosion is little, operational safety, concentration of precious metal than high, comprehensively reclaim profitable; Labour intensity is low, the treatment time is short, good operational environment.
The present invention is applicable to the copper anode mud of handling blister copper electrorefining process output, and its main component scope is (%): Au 0.01～1.5, Ag2.0～20, Cu10～25, Pb5～15, As0.5～10, Sb1.5～8.0, Se1.5～10 and Te0.5～5.09 by weight percentage; Also be suitable for handling materials such as the electrolytic anode sludge of composition brass.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Copper anode mud is to wash 1～2h under 4: 1 the condition at liquid-solid ratio L/kg with 80 ℃ hot water, with the aperture is that the screen cloth of 500um sifts out the large inclusions after-filtration, washing back copper anode mud is standby after 80 ℃ of oven dry, and the copper anode mud main component is (%): Cu13.33, Ag9.71, Au0.153, As4.3, Se4.11, Te0.94, Pb10.45 and Sb3.39 by weight percentage.
Preparation 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 750ml, the copper anode mud of adding 150g mentioned component joins in the 1000ml stainless steel autoclave behind the stirring 0.5h, adjusts stirring velocity to 800rmin
-1Slowly be warming up to 200 ℃ then, treat that the stable back of temperature and pressure feeds industrial oxygen, keep oxygen partial pressure 0.7MPa reaction 3h down, feed cooling water temperature after reaching the reaction times, when bulk temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and filtration, leached mud washing back oven dry is weighed, the heavy 112.2g of alkalescence leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu17.68, Ag13.12, Au0.212, As0.035, Se0.041, Te1.15, Pb11.45 and Sb4.23 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of arsenic and selenium is respectively 99.39% and 99.27%.
With the sulphuric acid soln 500ml of copper anode mud wash water preparation 3mol/L, low whipping speed 450rmin
-1Condition under add alkaline leached mud, keep 85 ℃ of reactions of temperature 2h, filter then, leached mud washes the back oven dry with water and weighs, the heavy 87.75g of acid leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu0.35, Ag15.34, Au0.262, As0.045, Se0.05, Te0.35, Pb14.75 and Sb4.87 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of copper and tellurium is respectively 98.46% and 78.22%, and the leaching yield of silver is 7.58%.
Embodiment 2:
Copper anode mud is to wash 1～2h under 5: 1 the condition at liquid-solid ratio L/kg with 80 ℃ hot water, with the aperture is that the screen cloth of 600um sifts out the large inclusions after-filtration, washing back copper anode mud is standby after 80 ℃ of oven dry, and the copper anode mud main component is (%): Cu8.47, Ag10.86, Au0.17, As4.25, Se4.92, Te1.95, Pb26.27 and Sb5.00 by weight percentage;
Preparation 1.8mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 900ml, the copper anode mud of adding 150g mentioned component joins in the 1000ml stainless steel autoclave behind the stirring 0.5h, adjusts stirring velocity to 900rmin
-1Slowly be warming up to 225 ℃ then, treat that the stable back of temperature and pressure feeds industrial oxygen, keep oxygen partial pressure 0.8MPa reaction 3h down, feed cooling water temperature after reaching the reaction times, when bulk temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and filtration, leached mud washing back oven dry is weighed, the heavy 115g of alkalescence leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu11.18, Ag14.32, Au0.22, As0.038, Se0.05, Te2.55, Pb32.45 and Sb6.48 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of arsenic and selenium is respectively 99.31% and 99.22%.
With the sulphuric acid soln 500ml of copper anode mud wash water preparation 3.2mol/L, low whipping speed 450rmin
-1Condition under add alkaline leached mud, keep 80 ℃ of reactions of temperature 2h, filter then, leached mud washes the back oven dry with water and weighs, the heavy 90g of acid leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu0.25, Ag16.50, Au0.28, As0.05, Se0.07, Te0.47, Pb34.58 and Sb7.48 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of copper and tellurium is respectively 98.23% and 85.54%, and the leaching yield of silver is 8.84%.
Claims (1)
1. the pretreatment process of a copper anode mud is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. sieve and wash
It with the copper anode mud temperature 70～90 ℃ hot water pulping and washing, keeping liquid-solid ratio L/kg is 3～8: 1, reaction times 1～2h, before the solid-liquid separation with the aperture be the sieve screening of 150～840um to remove the blister copper large inclusions in the copper anode mud, wash water send sulfuric acid leaching dosing;
B. alkaline pressure oxidation is leached
Copper anode mud concentration after the washing is 0.5～2.5molL
-1The sodium hydroxide solution pulp, liquid-solid ratio L/kg is 3～10: 1, slurry is joined in the autoclave after stirring 0.5～2h; At reactor packing volume ratio, promptly slurry volume/reactor volume is 0.5～0.9, stirring velocity 500～1000rmin
-1Condition under slowly be warming up to 150～250 ℃, aerating oxygen, adjusting oxygen partial pressure is 0.5～1.5MPa reaction, 2～6h; Begin cooling after reaching the reaction times, when temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and solid-liquid separation, obtain alkaline leach liquor and alkaline leached mud, alkaline leach liquor reclaims selenium, arsenic;
C. sulfuric acid leaches
With alkaline leached mud agitation leach in sulphuric acid soln that previous step obtains, sulphuric acid soln is prepared with the wash water and the sulfuric acid of copper anode mud, and sulphuric acid soln concentration is 1.5～3.5molL
-1, liquid-solid ratio L/kg is 3～10: 1, stirring velocity 300～600rmin
-1, 35～90 ℃ of temperature condition under react 2～6h, obtain acid leaching solution and acid leached mud, acid leached mud reclaims precious metal, acid leaching solution reclaims copper and tellurium.
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| CN101928838A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2010-12-29 | 中南大学 | Method for removing and recovering arsenic from lead anode slime |
| CN101935761A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2011-01-05 | 中南大学 | Method for separating copper, selenium and tellurium from lead matte |
| CN102060275A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2011-05-18 | 清远先导稀有材料有限公司 | Method for treating precious metal-selenium raw material |
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