CN101775470A - Production method of low-alloy complex-phase (Q and P) steel - Google Patents
Production method of low-alloy complex-phase (Q and P) steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of low-alloy complex-phase (Q and P) steel. In the method, low-carbon manganese silicon steel or low-carbon manganese silicon aluminium steel is used as raw materials, and the method comprises the following steps of: heating a steel blank to 1100-1250 DEG C; keeping the temperature for 5-120 minutes, and then cooling to 1000-1100 DEG C at the speed of 5-20 DEG C/s; then roughly rolling at the strain rate of 1-50 s<-1>; then cooling to a temperature ranging from T1 to T2 at the speed of 5-50 DEG C/s, wherein T1=A3-(A3-30) DEG C, and T2=Ar3-(Ar3+10) DEG C; then finely rolling at the strain rate of 1-50 s<-1>; after the fine rolling, cooling to the temperature ranging from T3 to T4 at the speed of 40-100 DEG C/s, wherein T3 is lower than a Ms point, and T4 is higher than a Mf point; then heating to 250-450 DEG C; keeping the temperature unchanged for 3-30 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature. Experiences prove that the low-alloy complex-phase (Q and P) steel produced by using the method has higher strength, good plasticity and comprehensive mechanical property better than that of the conventional complex-phase (Q and P) steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile steel, refer to a kind of low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp particularly; The production method of P steel.
Background technology
Because Q﹠amp; P (quenching and partitioning) steel has high intensity and unit elongation preferably, be particularly suitable for body of a motor car steel and structural steel, as be used for nerf bar, chassis etc., can reduce the deformation extent of vehicle body steel plate, strengthen car body opposing jolt capacity, the security that improves automobile.Therefore, countries in the world have all been strengthened Q﹠amp in recent years; The research and development of P steel.Existing research, as " Quenching and partitioningmartensite-a novel steel heat treatment; Mater Sci Eng A, 2006,438-440; 25 " and " Characterization of the microstructure obtained bythe quenching and partitioning processing in a low-carbon steel; Mater Char, 2008,56; 16 " etc., all put down in writing production Q﹠amp; The production method of P steel, its technical process is: hot rolling → roll bending and cooling → austenitizing → quenching → partition (being low-temperaturetempering) → end is cold, after being about to the steel hot rolling, again with the steel complete austenitizing, be as cold as soon then and obtain martensite and certain volume fractional residual austenite between Ms～Mf point, carry out low-temperaturetempering afterwards, finally obtain martensite and have the tissue that the higher stability residual austenite is formed.Wherein, the Ms point is the critical temperature of steel when overcoming phase transformation resistance generation martensitic transformation, and the Mf point is the end temp of martensitic transformation.The Ms point of steel is relevant with factors such as the composition of steel, austenite grain sizes, available formula Ms (℃)=550-361 * C%-39 * Mn%-35 * V%-20 * Cr%-17 * Ni%-10 * Cu%-5 * (Mo%+W%)+15 * %Co+30 * %Al comes the Ms point of approximate estimation steel.Document " Microstructure evolution of a low-carbon steel during applicationof quenching and partitioning heat treatments after partialaustenitization; Met Mater Trans A; 2009; 40; 46 " has then adopted after the hot rolling partial austenitizing to handle again, quench afterwards and partition, the final ferrite that is organized as adds martensite and residual austenite again.Application number is 200810033295.7, name is called the Q﹠amp that introduces in the Chinese invention patent ublic specification of application of low-alloy super-strength multiphase steel and heat treating method thereof; The P steel technological process of production is: the material after the hot rolling is heated to 800～1000 ℃, carries out after austenitizing handles, workpiece is quenched rapidly in 50～250 ℃ the liquid quenching medium, the liquid quenching medium of again workpiece being put into 250～450 ℃ carries out partition.Application number is 200710045886.1, name is called and adopts carbon to distribute and Chinese invention patent ublic specification of application that tempering improves the heat treating method of quenched steel component mechanical property has also been introduced similar technical process.The disclosed Q﹠amp of above-mentioned technical literature and patent documentation; P steel production method all is also to need subsequent heat treatment after hot rolling, and its technology is loaded down with trivial details, energy consumption is higher, and the product structure of steel is mainly martensite and residual austenite, resulting Q﹠amp; Though P steel intensity is higher, only about 20%, its plasticity is relatively poor for its breaking elongation, can not satisfy the needs of automobile making with the rigidity energy well.Therefore, from save energy, the angle that reduces cost, simplify technology and further improve comprehensive mechanical properties such as steel intensity and plasticity considers, be necessary existing Q﹠amp; The production method of P steel is further improved.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide that a kind of technology is simple, energy consumption is lower, product has higher-strength and the low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp of good plasticity; The production method of P steel.
For achieving the above object, the designed low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp of the present invention; The production method of P steel, this method are to be that starting material carry out the process that hot rolling deformation is handled with low Carbon Manganese silicon steel or low Carbon Manganese sial steel, and this process in turn includes the following steps:
1) steel billet is heated to 1100～1250 ℃, insulation 5～120min;
2) with the speed of 5～20 ℃/s it is cooled to 1000～1100 ℃ then;
3) again with 1～50s
-1Strain rate it is carried out roughing;
4) after roughing is finished, it is cooled to T with the speed of 5～50 ℃/s
1～T
2Temperature range, wherein: T
1=A
3～A
3-30 ℃, T
2=A
R3～A
R3+ 10 ℃, A
3For steel begins temperature, A to ferrite transformation from austenite when balance is cooled off
R3For steel begins temperature to ferrite transformation from austenite under cooling conditions;
5) again with 1～50s
-1Strain rate it is carried out finish rolling;
6) after finish rolling is finished, it is cooled to T with the speed of 40～100 ℃/s
3～T
4Temperature range, wherein: T
3Be lower than Ms point, T
4Be higher than the Mf point, the Ms point is the end temp of martensitic transformation for critical temperature, the Mf point of steel when overcoming phase transformation resistance generation martensitic transformation;
7) be heated to 250～450 ℃ at last, constant temperature 3～30min is cooled to room temperature, can obtain low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp; The P steel.
Further, implement the distortion of 2～3 passages during roughing described in the step 3), each passage dependent variable is controlled at 20～50%.
Further, implement the distortion of 1～3 passage during finish rolling described in the step 5), each passage dependent variable is controlled at 20～30%.
Further again, each passage timed interval is less than 5s during finish rolling described in the step 5).
The present invention is the academic thinking according to dynamic phase trasnsition, and low Carbon Manganese silicon steel or low Carbon Manganese sial steel are heated to the austenitizing temperature of 1100～1250 ℃ of scopes, is incubated 5～120min under this temperature, to ensure abundant austenitizing.Speed with 5～20 ℃/s is cooled in 1000～1100 ℃ of scopes, then with 1～50s again
-1Strain rate implement the distortion of 2～3 passages, the passage dependent variable is controlled at 20%～50%.Adopt the speed of cooling of 5～50 ℃/s that austenite is cooled to T then
1～T
2Temperature range, wherein T
1Be in A
3To A
3Below in 30 ℃ of scopes, T
2Be in A
R3More than 10 ℃ to A
R3In the scope, this moment, austenite was in supercooled state, wherein A
3For steel begins temperature to ferrite transformation, A from austenite when balance is cooled off
R3For steel begins temperature to ferrite transformation from austenite under cooling conditions.Measure according to dilatometry, during with the speed of cooling of 5～50 ℃/s, the A of steel
R3Temperature is at A
350～250 ℃ of wide temperature range that temperature is following can enlarge process window like this, are beneficial to the supercooled austenite dynamic phase trasnsition and carry out.When austenite is in supercooled state, again with 1～50s
-1Strain rate implement the distortion of 1～3 passage, each passage deformation quantity is controlled at 20～30%, each passage deformation time is controlled at interval less than 5s, can make supercooled austenite that the part ferrite transformation takes place fast.Because the generation of supercooled austenite dynamic phase trasnsition needs certain deformation quantity, reduce the timed interval between passage, can effectively stop austenitic answer between passage, help storing in the austenite increase of energy.In the operation of rolling subsequently, issue lively attitude phase transformation and generating portion ferrite at less deformation condition.After generating ferrite, should be immediately be cooled to T with the speed of 40～100 ℃/s
3～T
4Temperature range is quenched, wherein T
3Should be lower than the Ms point of this steel, T
4The Mf point that should be higher than this steel.The defective that produces when speed of cooling can be with dynamic phase trasnsition fast is stored in not in the transformed austenite in a large number, and this will help the refinement of martensite and final tissue.Be heated at last in 250～450 ℃ of temperature ranges and carry out low-temperaturetempering, isothermal 3～30min makes the abundant partition of carbon in the martensite, thereby obtains the low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that is made up of ferrite+martensite+residual austenite; The P steel.Last water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature.
Production method of the present invention was passed through the dual function of cold-peace distortion, promote austenite generation part ferritic transformation, and cooling fast behind the generating portion ferrite, the defective that produces during with dynamic phase trasnsition is stored in not in the transformed austenite in a large number, makes martensite and final structure refinement.After testing, the low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp of the inventive method production; Ferrite crystal grain is between 3～5 microns in the P structure of steel, and martensite lath is shorter, except have part lath-shaped residual austenite between martensite lath, also exists part particulate state residual austenite in ferrite crystal grain.Since soft phase ferrite and the TRIP effect that residual austenite produced, the low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp of acquisition; The P steel is than existing conventional Q﹠amp; P has better plasticity, and owing to martensite is arranged but not the existence of bainite, the low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that the inventive method is produced; The P steel has intensity and the improved comprehensive mechanical performance higher than TRIP steel.
Compared with prior art, low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp of the present invention; The production method of P steel does not need after the hot rolling austenitizing once more, has simplified technical process, has reduced energy consumption.And this method mainly controls the formation of martensite etc. by the quick cooling after rolling, and this has just been avoided conventional Q﹠amp; Less in the P steel production process because of the hardening liquid container, can only production small parts and the difficult problem of quench fluid temperature control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the temperature and time of heat processing technique in the production method of the present invention concerns synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 1 low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that produces; The microstructure picture of P steel;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention 1 low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that produces; The SEM photo of P steel;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the invention 1 low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that produces; The X-ray diffraction result schematic diagram of residual austenite in the P steel;
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the invention 2 low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that produces; The microstructure picture of P steel;
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the invention 3 low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that produces; The microstructure picture of P steel;
Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the invention 4 low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that produces; The microstructure picture of P steel.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp of the present invention; The production method of P steel is described in further detail.
The relation of the temperature and time of in the various embodiments of the present invention steel billet being handled as shown in Figure 1.Wherein: the interval T of the cooling temperature after the steel billet roughing is finished
1～T
2Be controlled at A
3～A
R3Between, T
1=A
3～A
3-30 ℃, T
2=A
R3～A
R3+ 10 ℃; The interval T of cooling temperature after steel billet finish rolling is finished
3～T
4Be controlled between Mf point～Ms point T
3Be lower than Ms point, T
4Be higher than the Mf point.
Embodiment 1
The Chemical Composition of selecting the starting material steel for use percentage ratio is by weight counted: C:0.2, Mn:1.50, Si:1.60, N:0.0034, P:0.02, S＜0.0045, O＜0.003, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Production stage is as follows:
1) steel billet is heated to 1100 ℃, insulation 120min;
2) with the speed of 5 ℃/s it is cooled to 1000 ℃ then;
3) again with 1s
-1Strain rate implement roughing, implement the distortion of 2 passages during roughing, each passage dependent variable is controlled at 50%;
4) after roughing finishes, be cooled to 780 ℃ with 5 ℃/s speed and (record the A of this steel with dilatometry
R3Be 750 ℃, calculate the A of this steel with Thermo-Calc software
3It is 863 ℃);
5) again with 50s
-1Strain rate implement finish rolling, implement the distortion of 3 passages during finish rolling, each passage dependent variable is controlled at 20%;
6) finish rolling is cooled to 180 ℃ with the speed of 40 ℃/s after intact immediately;
7) be incubated 3min at last in 400 ℃ of salt bath furnaces, air cooling is to room temperature then.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; P steel microscopic structure structure as shown in Figure 2, by analysis, this tissue mainly is made up of by 15% ferrite, 78% martensite, 7% residual austenite body volume fraction.To this low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp; As seen the SEM photo (as shown in Figure 3) of P steel is analyzed, and ferrite grain size is comparatively tiny in the tissue, and martensite body lath is shorter, except that having part lath-shaped residual austenite, and between ferrite crystal grain, the part that also distributing particulate state residual austenite.Fig. 4 is this low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp; The X-ray diffractogram of P structure of steel, (220) among the figure
γ(311)
γTwo peak values show and exist certain volume fractional residual austenite in this tissue.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; The mechanical property of P steel is: yield strength 750MPa, tensile strength 1000MPa, uniform elongation 11%, breaking elongation 20%.
Embodiment 2
The Chemical Composition of selecting the starting material steel for use percentage ratio is by weight counted: C:0.2, Mn:1.50, Si:0.50, and Al:1.0, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Production stage is as follows:
1) steel billet is heated to 1250 ℃, insulation 5min;
2) with the speed of 20 ℃/s it is cooled to 1100 ℃ then;
3) again with 50s
-1Strain rate carry out roughing, implement 3 passages distortion during roughing, each passage dependent variable is controlled to be 20%;
4) roughing intact after, be cooled to 800 ℃ with the speed of 50 ℃/s and (record the A of this steel with dilatometry
R3Be 780 ℃, calculate the A of this steel with Thermo-Calc software
3It is 974 ℃);
5) again with 1s
-1The speed change of answering carry out finish rolling, rate is implemented 3 passages distortion during finish rolling, each passage dependent variable is controlled at 30%;
6) finish rolling is cooled to 150 ℃ with the speed of 100 ℃/s after intact immediately;
7) be incubated 30min at last in 250 ℃ salt bath furnace, air cooling is to room temperature then.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; P steel microscopic structure structure as shown in Figure 5, by analysis, ferritic grain-size is about 2～4 microns in this tissue, volume fraction is 19.5%, martensite and residual austenite volume fraction are respectively 75% and 5.5%.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; The mechanical property of P steel is: yield strength 595MPa, tensile strength 800MPa, uniform elongation 19%, breaking elongation 32%.
The chemical ingredients of selecting steel grade for use is with embodiment 2.
Production stage is as follows:
1) steel billet is heated to 1200 ℃, insulation 100min;
2) with the speed of 10 ℃/s it is cooled to 1050 ℃ then;
3) again with 25s
-1Strain rate carry out roughing, implement 2 passages distortion during roughing, be controlled to be 30% for the passage dependent variable;
4) roughing intact after, be cooled to 800 ℃ with the speed of 30 ℃/s and (record the A of this steel with dilatometry
R3Be 780 ℃, calculate the A of this steel with Thermo-Calc software
3It is 974 ℃);
5) again with 20s
-1Strain rate carry out finish rolling, implement 3 passages distortion during finish rolling, each passage dependent variable is controlled to be 25%;
6) finish rolling is cooled to 150 ℃ with 60 ℃/s after finishing immediately;
7) be incubated 5min at last in 450 ℃ of salt bath furnaces, air cooling is to room temperature then.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; The P steel microscopic structure as shown in Figure 6, by analysis, in this tissue, the ferrite volume fraction is 25%, martensite is 70%, residual austenite is 5%.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; The mechanical property of P steel is: yield strength 605MPa, tensile strength 810MPa, uniform elongation 15%, breaking elongation 32%.
Embodiment 4
The chemical ingredients of selecting steel grade for use is with embodiment 1.
Production stage is as follows:
1) steel billet is heated to 1200 ℃, insulation 20min;
2) with the speed of 10 ℃/s it is cooled to 1100 ℃ then;
3) again with 30s
-1Strain rate carry out roughing, implement 3 passages distortion during roughing, be controlled to be 20% for the passage dependent variable;
4) roughing intact after, be cooled to 760 ℃ with the speed of 50 ℃/s and (record the A of this steel with dilatometry
R3Be 750 ℃, calculate the A of this steel with Thermo-Calc software
3It is 863 ℃);
5) again with 20s
-1Strain rate carry out finish rolling, implement 1 passage distortion during finish rolling, the passage dependent variable is controlled to be 25%;
6) finish rolling is cooled to 200 ℃ with 80 ℃/s after finishing immediately;
7) be incubated 3min at last in 420 ℃ of salt bath furnaces, air cooling is to room temperature then.
The low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; P steel microscopic structure structure as shown in Figure 7, by analysis, the ferrite volume fraction is 28% in this tissue, martensite is 64.5%, residual austenite is 7.5%.
The complex phase Q﹠amp that obtains; The mechanical property of P steel is: yield strength 650MPa, tensile strength 920MPa, uniform elongation 10%, breaking elongation 20%.
Complex phase Q﹠amp to the various embodiments described above; The microstructure analysis of P steel as seen, the ferrite volume fraction is 10～30% in the tissue, martensite is 60～85%, residual austenite is about 5～10%.
The complex phase Q﹠amp that the inventive method is produced; P steel yield strength all is higher than 600MPa, and tensile strength all is higher than 800Mpa, uniform elongation between 10～20%, breaking elongation between 20～32%, higher intensity that shows and good plasticity, its comprehensive mechanical property is than conventional Q﹠amp; The P steel is good.
Claims (4)
1. low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp; The production method of P steel, this method are to be that starting material carry out the process that hot rolling deformation is handled with low Carbon Manganese silicon steel or low Carbon Manganese sial steel, and this process in turn includes the following steps:
1) steel billet is heated to 1100～1250 ℃, insulation 5～120min;
2) with the speed of 5～20 ℃/s it is cooled to 1000～1100 ℃ then;
3) again with 1～50s
-1Strain rate it is carried out roughing;
4) after roughing is finished, it is cooled to T with the speed of 5～50 ℃/s
1～T
2Temperature range, wherein: T
1=A
3～A
3-30 ℃, T
2=A
R3～A
R3+ 10 ℃, A
3For steel begins temperature, A to ferrite transformation from austenite when balance is cooled off
R3For steel begins temperature to ferrite transformation from austenite under cooling conditions;
5) again with 1～50s
-1Strain rate it is carried out finish rolling;
6) after finish rolling is finished, it is cooled to T with the speed of 40～100 ℃/s
3～T
4Temperature range, wherein: T
3Be lower than Ms point, T
4Be higher than the Mf point, the Ms point is the end temp of martensitic transformation for critical temperature, the Mf point of steel when overcoming phase transformation resistance generation martensitic transformation;
7) be heated to 250～450 ℃ at last, constant temperature 3～30min is cooled to room temperature, can obtain low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp; The P steel.
2. low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp according to claim 1; The production method of P steel is characterized in that: in the said step 3), implement the distortion of 2～3 passages during roughing, each pass deformation is controlled at 20～50%.
3. low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp according to claim 1 and 2; The production method of P steel is characterized in that: in the said step 5), implement the distortion of 1～3 passage during finish rolling, each pass deformation is controlled at 20～30%.
4. low-alloy complex phase Q﹠amp according to claim 3; The production method of P steel is characterized in that: in the said step 5), the pitch time of each passage distortion operation is less than 5s during finish rolling.
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