CN101764244A - Methods and controls for hydrogen to cathode inlet of a fuel cell system - Google Patents
Methods and controls for hydrogen to cathode inlet of a fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101764244A CN101764244A CN200910258432A CN200910258432A CN101764244A CN 101764244 A CN101764244 A CN 101764244A CN 200910258432 A CN200910258432 A CN 200910258432A CN 200910258432 A CN200910258432 A CN 200910258432A CN 101764244 A CN101764244 A CN 101764244A
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- fuel cell
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- hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
A system and method for quickly heating a fuel cell stack at fuel cell system start-up. The fuel cell system includes a three-way valve positioned in the anode exhaust that selectively directs the anode exhaust gases to the cathode input of the fuel cell stack so that hydrogen in the anode exhaust gas can be used to heat the fuel cell stack. During normal operation when the fuel cell stack is at the desired temperature, the three-way valve in the anode exhaust can be used to bleed nitrogen to the cathode exhaust.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to fuel cell pack when starting to its system and method that heats, specifically, relate to when the fuel cell pack cold start-up its system and method that heats, comprise that the anode waste gas with fuel cell pack is directed at cathode inlet.
Background technology
Hydrogen is owing to its spatter property and can produce electricity efficiently in fuel cell, thereby becomes the fuel of being paid close attention to very much.Hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical appliance, and it comprises anode, negative electrode and is positioned at above-mentioned electrolyte between the two.Anode receives hydrogen, and negative electrode receives oxygen or air.Thereby hydrogen dissociates in anode and produces free proton and electronics.Proton passes electrolyte and arrives negative electrode.Proton produces water with oxygen and electron reaction in negative electrode.Electronics from anode can not pass electrolyte, does work so be guided through load before being sent to negative electrode.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) is common vehicle fuel battery.PEMFC generally includes the solid polymer electrolyte proton conducting membrane, as perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane.Anode and negative electrode typically include catalyst particle in small, broken bits, are generally platinum (Pt), and it is supported on the carbon particle and with ionomer and mixes.Catalytic mixtures is deposited on the relative both sides of film.The combination of anode-catalyzed mixture, cathode catalysis mixture and film defines membrane electrode assembly (MEA).The manufacturing cost of MEA is higher relatively, and needs certain condition effectively to turn round.
Typically, several fuel cells are combined in the fuel cell pack to produce the power that needs.For example, automobile-used exemplary fuel cell stack can have 200 or the more fuel cell of piling up.Fuel cell pack receives negative electrode input reacting gas, is blown over the air stream of fuel cell pack typically by compressor.Be not that whole oxygen are all consumed by fuel cell pack, the part air is discharged from as cathode exhaust, may include the water as the battery pile accessory substance in the waste gas.Fuel cell pack also receives the anode hydrogen gas reacting gas, and these gases flow into the anode-side of battery pile.Battery pile also comprises the flow channel that cooling property fluid flows through.
Fuel cell pack comprise a series of in battery pile the bipolar plates between several MEA, wherein said bipolar plates and MEA are between two end plates.Bipolar plates comprises anode-side and cathode side, is used for the adjacent fuel cell of battery pile.Have anode gas flow channels on the anode-side of bipolar plates, thereby the permission anode reaction gas flows to MEA separately.The cathode side of bipolar plates is provided with cathode gas flow channels, thereby the permission cathode reaction gas flows to MEA separately.An end plate comprises anode gas flow channels, and another end plate comprises cathode gas flow channels.Bipolar plates and end plate are all made by conductive of material, as stainless steel or conductive composites.End plate conducts battery pile with the electric power that fuel cell produces.Bipolar plates also includes the flow channel that cooling property fluid flows through.
MEA has permeability, so just allows airborne nitrogen to pass this cathode side from the infiltration of battery pile cathode side, and collects in the anode-side of battery pile, passes through at the industrial nitrogen that is referred to as.Even the pressure of anode-side can be greater than the pressure of cathode side, the cathode side dividing potential drop still makes air pass this film.Nitrogen dilution in the fuel cell stack anode side hydrogen, if nitrogen gas concn increase to surpass certain percentage composition like this, as 50%, fuel cell pack can become unstable and may lose efficacy so.Well known in the prior art is in the anode waste gas exit of fuel cell pack drain valve to be set nitrogen is discharged from the battery pile anode-side.
Algorithm be generally used for online estimation in the battery pile running nitrogen gas concn in the anode waste gas to determine when the ignition anode toxic emission.This algorithm discharges based on the periodicity of permeability from the cathode side to the anode-side and anode waste gas and follows the tracks of nitrogen gas concn and the variation relation of time in the battery pile anode-side.The nitrogen gas concn that goes out when this algorithm computation is higher than predetermined threshold, and for example 10%, algorithm will trigger discharging.The discharging certain time makes a plurality of battery pile anode capacity obtain discharging, thereby makes the concentration of nitrogen be reduced under this threshold value.
Known in the prior art, the film of fuel cell is in service to have controlled relative humidity (RH) so that enough low with effective proton conducting across the ion resistance of this film.Control relative humidity by controlling several stack operation parameters typically from the cathode outlet gas of fuel cell pack, thereby the relative humidity of controlling diaphragm, pressure, temperature, the cathode stoichiometry of wherein said stack operation parameter such as battery pile and the relative humidity that enters the cathode gas of battery pile.
It is the function of battery pile temperature and humidity that the electricity of PEM fuel cell pack is led.Can not produce whole power in the time of the fuel cell cooling in heap.In order to help fuel cell pack to be rapidly heated (this needs during system start-up under the subfreezing situation of battery pile usually), hydrogen is sent to the cathode side of battery pile sometimes, produces heat with cathode side catalyst and oxygen reaction there.Typically, use fresh hydrogen for this purpose from the anode input source.
Summary of the invention
According to instruction of the present invention, the system and method that is used for rapid heating of fuel battery pile when fuel cell start-up is disclosed.This fuel cell system comprises the triple valve (three-way valve) that is arranged in anode exhaust (anode exhaust), optionally anode waste gas the is led negative electrode input of fuel cell pack of this valve, the hydrogen in the anode waste gas can be used for the heating fuel battery pile like this.During normal operation (this moment, fuel cell pack was in desired temperatures), the triple valve in the anode exhaust can be used for nitrogen discharge in cathode exhaust (cathode exhaust).
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further feature of the present invention can become apparent in following description and accompanying Claim.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the floor map of existing fuel cell system, and this fuel cell system comprises valve, and this valve optionally is directed at the fuel cell stack cathode input with fresh hydrogen from sources of hydrogen; With
Fig. 2 is the floor map of fuel cell system according to embodiments of the present invention, this system optionally anode waste gas is led the negative electrode input or the cathode exhaust line of fuel cell pack.
Embodiment
Discussion to the following embodiment of the present invention only is exemplary in essence below, never is intended to limit the present invention or its application or purposes; The negative electrode input that described embodiment relates to the fuel cell pack that optionally anode waste gas led is with the system and method for heating battery heap when the cold start-up.
Fig. 1 is the floor map that includes the existing fuel cell system 10 of fuel cell pack 12.Fuel cell system 10 also comprises compressor 14, is used for by negative electrode intake pipeline 16 the cathode inlet air being offered fuel cell pack 12.Cathode exhaust is discharged from battery pile 12 by cathode exhaust line 18.Fuel cell system 10 also is included in the sources of hydrogen 20 that on the anode intake pipeline 22 fresh hydrogen is offered fuel cell pack 12 anode-side.The anode waste gas of controlled variable is exported from fuel cell pack 12 by anode waste gas export pipeline 24.When fuel cell system 10 was not worked, high pressure valve 26 was closed anode intake pipeline 22, thereby hydrogen is kept in the sources of hydrogen 20.
Anode waste gas drain valve 28 is arranged in anode exhaust line 24, thereby it is periodically opened the anode-side removal of nitrogen from fuel cell pack 12 according to the anode exhaust algorithm.When drain valve 28 was opened, anode waste gas was directed to negative electrode discharge pipe 18, dilutedly was discharged in the environment then at this.Algorithm and control strategy that nitrogen is discharged from the anode-side of fuel cell pack 12 are well known in the art.And in alternate embodiment, fuel cell pack can be the separation stack (split stack) of employing anode flow conversion well known to those skilled in the art.
As mentioned above, a known technology of heating fuel battery pile 12 when being used in system start-up, fresh hydrogen from sources of hydrogen 20 is transported to negative electrode intake pipeline 16 by bypass valve 30 from by-pass line 32, thereby can on fuel cell pack 12 cathode sides, provide the burning of hydrogen and cathod catalyst, make battery pile 12 reach its working temperature sooner, particularly when cold or freezing system start-up.The control strategy of control bypass valve 30 is well known by persons skilled in the art, promptly provides the required amounts of hydrogen cathode side to fuel cell pack 12 based on system temperature, pressure etc.
Fig. 2 is according to embodiment of the present invention and floor map fuel cell system 10 similar fuel cell systems 40, and wherein similarly parts adopt same reference numerals to identify.Thereby fuel cell system 40 is compared fuel cell system 10 and is had a plurality of advantages by removing the process of fresh hydrogen from sources of hydrogen 20 guiding negative electrode intake pipelines 16 heating fuel battery pile 12 when the system start-up.Thus, by-pass line 32 and bypass valve 30 have been removed.Replacement provides fresh hydrogen to come heating battery heap 12 from sources of hydrogen 20, and the present invention proposes to utilize the anode waste gas conduct in the anode exhaust line 24 to treat the sources of hydrogen of burning in the cathode side of fuel cell pack 12.For realizing this scheme, system 40 comprises the triple valve 42 that is arranged in anode exhaust line 24, and is combined with drain valve 28.During system start-up (this moment desirable provide the cathode side of hydrogen to fuel cell pack 12), drain valve 28 is opened and control triple valve 42 makes the anode waste gas of discharging be directed to negative electrode intake pipeline 16 along pipeline 44.Triple valve 42 is held to negative electrode intake pipeline 16 can depend on concrete system with the time quantum that obtains suitable amounts of hydrogen.At the battery pile normal operation period, when battery pile 12 was in its operating temperature and is ordered the discharging anode waste gas, drain valve 28 was opened, and control triple valve 42 makes anode waste gas be directed to cathode exhaust line 18 along pipeline 46.
In this embodiment, triple valve 42 is in open mode usually, allows gas flow cathode exhaust line 18 or pipeline 44.Here it is still needs the reason of drain valve 28.In another embodiment, can enoughly can replace valve 42 by pent triple valve, can remove drain valve 28 in this case.
One of advantage that adopts this method with hydrogen fueling battery pile 12 cathode sides is compared with heating technique shown in Figure 1 exactly, and anode stoichiometry (anode stoichiometry) increases.The increase of anode stoichiometry makes anodic gas speed and the volume flow rate by battery pile 12 anode flow fields increase, thereby has promoted the removal of nitrogen G﹠W (comprising aqueous water).This with continuously, the effect of high flow capacity discharging is the same, still, is stacked in the cathode exhaust line 18 with hydrogen in the anode waste gas logistics of discharging and is wasted differently, described hydrogen is used to the battery pile heating that provides required.Second advantage of method of the present invention is to have removed bypass valve 30.Even increased triple valve 42, this remains advantage, because valve 30 is connected with sources of hydrogen 20, described sources of hydrogen typically is in high pressure, and as about 500-750kPh, and valve 42 is valves of relatively low pressure power, as less than 150kPh.Because the additional requirement of related seals, high pressure valve is typically more expensive.
Further, the mechanization of system 40 allows anode waste gas to be consumed at (at this moment, described consumption is wished, such as during heat keeps the standby of the prolongation of battery pile temperature if desired) At All Other Times.And, anode waste gas is sent into cathode inlet will reduce the density of hydrogen of discharging vehicle by offgas duct.Hydrogen in some hydric safe code requirement waste gas all will be lower than 4% at any time, and generally will be lower than 2%.Notice that this will increase the hot burden of vehicle radiator.According to other embodiment, triple valve 42 can be eliminated fully, and wherein anode waste gas is delivered to cathode inlet usually.
A basic problem the hydrogen of appropriate amount being put into negative electrode at cold start-up is to regulate cathode stoichiometry.Typically, battery pile 12 need be with respect to the hydrogen of air certain percentage during cold start-up, and wherein 4% is representative value.Control algolithm can be paid close attention to the air intake instrument, and to need to determine what mole/second and reach 4% desired value.If anode is carried the hydrogen of those amounts, then exactly the negative electrode logistics before entering battery pile 12 comprises the hydrogen of accurate amount.Along with the air/hydrogen gas mixture enters battery pile 12, hydrogen and combination with oxygen under the situation that platinum exists, the amount of oxygen that can be used for the normal operation of battery pile reduces.This has reduced the required cathode stoichiometry of battery pile 12 in fact.If in order to consider to be increased air stream by the amount of described hydrogen consumption, then cathode air flow also can the high and also corresponding increase of hydrogen stream.Stable, undesirable increase appears in the hydrogen and the air that repeatedly repeat finally to cause entering battery pile 12 of this logic loops.
Can determine that according to test and fuel economy sexual demand the complementarity demand for heat of fuel cell system can change along with environmental variance and system variable.Example is to determine the anodic control method according to the temperature of cooling property fluid.In system, can provide following three states: 3% of hydrogen is entered cathode inlet, hydrogen is entered cathode inlet, and hydrogen is entered cathode outlet stream with the uptime interval with three different conditions.
Because the nitrogen diffusion from the negative electrode to the anode when negative electrode uses air work, takes place in the characteristic of material therefor in the PEM fuel cell.The use that the accumulation of this nitrogen typically makes the anode subsystem (sub-system) of fuel cell system go up vent valve becomes necessary.In order to control by the flowing of anode vent valve, the use characteristic hole is limited mobile.Adjust the anode subsystem and produce suitable flow velocity by this hole with respect to the pressure of cathod system.This control method can be described with following formula:
Wherein
Be the mole flow velocity by valve, M is a molal weight, and κ v is the flow coefficient constant of this valve, and ρ is the density of gas, p
1Be the pressure at valve inlet place, p
2Be the pressure at valve outlet port place, T is the Kelvin in this valve opening.
[0025] because the molal weight of hydrogen and nitrogen is different with density, the little dividing potential drop of nitrogen can cause at the flow of the hydrogen that comes out from vent valve different significantly in the effluent streams.When in the cold-starting process, being used for assistant heating, need accurately control the flow of hydrogen.In actual applications, need to use the control algolithm that nitrogen crossing model and valve model group are lumped together to measure the hydrogen that flows into negative electrode carefully.
[0026] scheme that addresses this problem needs suitable algorithm.For the performance of battery pile must keep battery pile 12 oxygen of required mole/second.Required hydrogen percentage composition and battery pile 12 required oxygen can be used for calculating the amount of oxygen of hydrogen consumption.Compressor 14 is thought that by order battery pile 12 and described hydrogen consumption provide enough oxygen, thereby improves cathode stoichiometry effectively with the compensation hydrogen consumption.Because this extra air stream, air stream by negative electrode intake pipeline 16 will rise, but this measured value is adjusted deducting the extra oxygen of consumption, and described is the value of calculating the hydrogen molar flow of waiting to be transported to battery pile 12 anodes through the air stream of adjusting.This has been avoided leading to the rising of the flow of the air stream of cathode side of battery pile 12 and hydrogen in the battery pile temperature-rise period.In fact this system has and is less than required hydrogen percentages, but the heat energy of being carried with originally planned the same.This lower hydrogen percentages rests under the required limit value helping, and also guarantees that discharging is met simultaneously.
[0027] the above content of discussing only discloses and has described exemplary of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can be appreciated that by above-mentioned argumentation and accompanying drawing and claim: the present invention can carry out multiple change, variation and modification under the situation that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that limit as appended claim.
Claims (19)
1. fuel cell system comprises:
Fuel cell pack, it has anode inlet, cathode inlet, anode exhaust and cathode exhaust;
Sources of hydrogen is used for providing hydrogen to the described anode inlet of described fuel cell pack;
Compressor is used for providing compressed air to the described cathode inlet of described fuel cell pack; And
The triple valve that provides in described anode exhaust, described triple valve is in battery pile normal work period optionally anode waste gas is led described cathode inlet and described cathode exhaust.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 also is included in the drain valve in the described anode exhaust, is used for anode waste gas is discharged into described cathode exhaust.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the order nitrogen discharge, the described triple valve described cathode exhaust that optionally anode waste gas led.
4. system as claimed in claim 3 wherein orders nitrogen discharge to be based on that the nitrogen discharge algorithm makes.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein cathode stoichiometry is adjusted when anode waste gas is provided to described cathode inlet, to be provided at the compressed air in the described fuel cell pack and the required ratio of hydrogen.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the described required ratio of hydrogen and cathode air approximately is 2%.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, the wherein described triple valve described cathode inlet that optionally anode waste gas led during system's cold start-up.
8. fuel cell system comprises:
Fuel cell pack, it has anode inlet, cathode inlet, anode exhaust and cathode exhaust;
Sources of hydrogen is used for providing hydrogen to the described anode inlet of described fuel cell pack;
Compressor is used for providing compressed air to the described cathode inlet of described fuel cell pack;
The drain valve that provides in described anode exhaust is used for anode waste gas is discharged into cloudy gas exhaust apparatus; And
The triple valve that provides in described anode exhaust is in the battery pile course of normal operation, when yang-energy waste gas is ordered optionally anode waste gas is led described cathode inlet and described cathode exhaust of when discharging, described triple valve.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said nitrogen discharge is based on the nitrogen discharge algorithm and orders.
10. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein cathode stoichiometry is adjusted when anode waste gas is provided to described cathode inlet, so that the required ratio of compressed air and hydrogen in the described fuel cell pack to be provided.
11. system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the described required ratio of hydrogen and cathode air approximately is 2%.
12. system as claimed in claim 8 is at the cathode inlet that optionally anode waste gas led of triple valve described in system's cold start-up process.
13. the method for heating fuel battery pile, described method comprises:
The cathode inlet of air to fuel cell pack is provided; And
Optionally anode waste gas the is led described cathode inlet of described fuel cell pack makes hydrogen in the described anode waste gas in the cathode side burning of described fuel cell pack and heat described fuel cell pack.
14. method as claimed in claim 13 also comprises the cathode exhaust of the described fuel cell pack that optionally described anode waste gas led, thereby removes nitrogen to provide anode waste gas to discharge from described battery pile anode-side.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, described cathode inlet and the described cathode exhaust of wherein optionally described anode waste gas being led comprise described anode waste gas is optionally guided by public valve.
16. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said nitrogen discharge is based on the nitrogen discharge algorithm and orders.
17. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein when described anode waste gas was provided to described cathode inlet, cathode stoichiometry was adjusted, thereby the required ratio of compressed air and hydrogen in described fuel cell pack is provided.
18. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein hydrogen is about 2% with the described required ratio of cathode air.
19. method as claimed in claim 13, the described cathode inlet that wherein optionally described anode waste gas led are included in the described cathode inlet that optionally described anode waste gas led during system's cold start-up.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/334007 | 2008-12-12 | ||
| US12/334,007 US8603690B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2008-12-12 | Methods and controls for hydrogen to cathode inlet of a fuel cell system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101764244A true CN101764244A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| CN101764244B CN101764244B (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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| CN200910258432.1A Active CN101764244B (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2009-12-11 | Methods and controls for hydrogen to cathode inlet of a fuel cell system |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US8603690B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101764244B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009057573A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102646842A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-22 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Method for improving hydrogen utilization of fuel cell |
| CN104051763A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Slip stream for reliable anode to cathode flow in freeze conditions |
| CN108878926A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Fuel cell structure, hot systems and control logic for fuel cell pack high-efficiency heating |
| CN110828864A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-21 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Non-auxiliary starting method and system for hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction device |
| CN112786933A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-11 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Method and system for anode overvoltage remediation in a fuel cell system |
| CN114361513A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-15 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | System and method for heating hydrogen by hydrogen fuel cell engine |
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| DE102010007977A1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Daimler AG, 70327 | Fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell |
| JP5812379B2 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2015-11-11 | スズキ株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle heating system |
| US8507141B2 (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2013-08-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Membrane permeation adjustment in PEM fuel cell |
| DE102012001154A1 (en) | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-25 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell system for use in vehicle, has exhaust gas and/or water outlet which is divided into two flow branches that are provided with continuous open through-flow cross-section parallel to respective valve devices |
| DE102012001155A1 (en) | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-25 | Daimler Ag | The fuel cell system |
| US9070921B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2015-06-30 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Subzero ambient shutdown purge operating strategy for PEM fuel cell system |
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| US10290880B2 (en) | 2014-04-23 | 2019-05-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell cathode balance of plant freeze strategy |
| DE102015213917B4 (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2024-03-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for discharging anode exhaust gas from a fuel cell |
| CN113745591B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2022-11-04 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Fuel cell low-temperature cold start modeling method with supercooled water icing mechanism |
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| DE10200058B4 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2019-05-29 | General Motors Llc ( N. D. Ges. D. Staates Delaware ) | Delivery system for supplying a gaseous fuel to a fuel stack, fuel cell system and method for supplying a gaseous fuel |
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- 2008-12-12 US US12/334,007 patent/US8603690B2/en active Active
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- 2009-12-11 CN CN200910258432.1A patent/CN101764244B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102646842A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-22 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Method for improving hydrogen utilization of fuel cell |
| CN104051763A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Slip stream for reliable anode to cathode flow in freeze conditions |
| CN104051763B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-14 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | For slip-stream of the reliable anode to cathode flow under freezing condition |
| CN108878926A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Fuel cell structure, hot systems and control logic for fuel cell pack high-efficiency heating |
| CN108878926B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Fuel cell structure, thermal system and control logic for efficient heating of fuel cell stacks |
| CN110828864A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-21 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Non-auxiliary starting method and system for hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction device |
| CN110828864B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-02-19 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Non-auxiliary starting method and system for hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction device |
| CN112786933A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-11 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Method and system for anode overvoltage remediation in a fuel cell system |
| CN114361513A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-15 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | System and method for heating hydrogen by hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN114361513B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-04-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | System and method for heating hydrogen by hydrogen fuel cell engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100151284A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
| DE102009057573A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
| CN101764244B (en) | 2014-09-24 |
| US8603690B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
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