CN101762355B - Vacuum tube vacuum degree on-line monitoring device and method for high-voltage power distribution device - Google Patents
Vacuum tube vacuum degree on-line monitoring device and method for high-voltage power distribution device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101762355B CN101762355B CN2009102639748A CN200910263974A CN101762355B CN 101762355 B CN101762355 B CN 101762355B CN 2009102639748 A CN2009102639748 A CN 2009102639748A CN 200910263974 A CN200910263974 A CN 200910263974A CN 101762355 B CN101762355 B CN 101762355B
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Abstract
A vacuum tube vacuum degree on-line monitoring device and method in high voltage distribution device, the capacitive coupler in the device completes the coupling of AC electric field signal, the coupling electric field signal is led out to the signal pick-up circuit by the low-voltage arm of the capacitive voltage divider, the pick-up signal is changed into frequency signal by the voltage-frequency conversion circuit after the rectification and filtering processing, the frequency signal is transmitted to the microprocessor unit after the optical coupling isolation. The microprocessor performs software processing and analysis on the acquired signals to achieve a resolution of 10-2The online vacuum degree monitoring function, the sound and light alarm unit realizes the vacuum degree degradation pre-alarm function, and the communication unit supports the grid-connected integrated connection of the monitoring system and other monitoring systems, so that the centralized processing, analysis and sharing of data are facilitated. The device passes the monitoringThe vacuum tube shielding cover is used for monitoring the change of the vacuum degree through the change of alternating current potential, has a simple structure and lower cost, overcomes the defect that the temperature of a crystal element of a photoelectric probe such as pockels is unstable, is reliable in measurement and convenient to install, and is a real-time monitoring device with complete functions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of on-Line Monitor Device and monitoring method thereof that is used for vacuum tube vacuum-degree, the monitoring device and the method thereof of vacuum tube vacuum-degree in especially a kind of high voltage distribution installation.
Technical background
The interior vacuum tube of high voltage distribution installation is owing to the explosion accident that the vacuum tightness deterioration causes happens occasionally for a long time; Adopt the impulse magnetron electric discharge that vacuum tube vacuum-degree in the high voltage distribution installation is detected for this reason; This method repeatability better; But when detecting, need the switch outage, situation of change that can not continuous monitoring vacuum tightness; The ac voltage withstanding method also is a kind of common method of present power switch industry; This method can be as judging that can vacuum switch drop into the direct criterion of operation of power networks; But a rough judgement can only be provided, can not judge the vacuum tightness variation tendency, be a kind of determination methods qualitatively; Employing detects vacuum tube vacuum-degree based on the monitoring device of cold cathode magnetic charging method; Can realize on-line monitoring to the vacuum tightness situation of change continuously; But need on vacuum interrupter stationary contact seal cover board, install a miniature vacuum sensor additional; Need transform arc quenching chamber structure, so the vacuum tightness of this device vacuum tube that can not use the scene is carried out on-line monitoring.
The vacuum degree of vacuum switch on-line monitoring is and not change under the prerequisite of switch main body structure at the switch electriferous state, and no matter switch is in can both be monitored its vacuum tightness variation in real time under combined floodgate or the disjunction state.The light-to-current inversion method is to satisfy a kind of monitoring method of this requirement.The Pockels electric field probe that crystal such as this method employing BSO are made converts the electric field signal around the radome into optical signal transmission; Then light signal being handled, thereby reached the purpose to vacuum tube vacuum-degree monitoring indirectly, is exactly that temperature stability is low but the photoelectric crystal sensing element that constitutes its photoelectric probe has its fatal weakness; Be difficult to adapt to temperature rise variation in the power distribution equipment; Simultaneously, higher with apparatus structure complicacy, cost that probe is supporting, be difficult to large tracts of land and promote.
Publication number is 01272070.4 a kind of " a kind of capacitance-voltage-distributing type electric field probe " in addition; This invention is made up of probe electrode, capacitive divider, low-pass filter, voltage-frequency converter, grounding plate; The electric field signal that is obtained by the capacitive divider dividing potential drop directly gets into low-pass filter; Filtering signal carries out obtaining and the proportional frequency signal of radome current potential size, the size of coming the indirect monitoring electric field through the measurement to frequency signal after the voltage-frequency conversion.But can be very easy to find through from the capacitive divider of high capacitive reactance, the take a sample ac voltage signal that comes out of common circuitry for signal measurement through test is that the unstable signal that drifts about constantly takes place a zero point; Can't it be picked up without special signal pickup circuit undistortedly, in this patent, design the signal pickup circuit of high input impedance to this; In addition because the signal of taking a sample out from capacitive divider is the ac voltage signal of power frequency; And the voltage-frequency conversion chip generally converts unipolar direct current signal into frequency signal; Can't be the frequency signal of digit pulse form with the industrial frequency AC conversion of signals, to this this patent in the voltage-frequency converter Front-end Design precision rectifying filtering circuit.The maximum deficiency of this patent does not combine to do further further investigation with existing high-end cpu chip exactly; Can't be installed in realization vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-the-spot on-line monitoring in vacuum tube place in the high voltage distribution installation with a kind of form of device, so still can not realize the purpose of vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring.
Summary of the invention
It is many to the present invention is directed to high voltage distribution installation internal heat generation element; It himself is a bigger heat source body; The power distribution equipment internal temperature exceeds much than ambient temperature; And the existing monitoring device that can satisfy vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring requirement in the high voltage distribution installation exists temperature stability poor, measures problems such as inaccurate.The present invention provides a kind of stability height, measurement data interior vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring device of high voltage distribution installation and method thereof accurately.
Vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring device in the mesohigh power distribution equipment of the present invention; Comprise capacity coupler, capacitive divider, signal pickup circuit, precision rectifying filtering circuit, voltage-frequency change-over circuit, microprocessor unit, acousto-optic warning unit and communication unit; It is characterized in that: capacity coupler is to be made up of sheet metal I and grounding plate II; Connected by capacitive divider therebetween, the AC field signal leads to signal pickup circuit by the capacitive divider low-voltage arm, and pickoff signals is through after the precision rectifying Filtering Processing; Convert thereof into frequency signal by the voltage-frequency change-over circuit; Frequency signal is delivered to the capturing unit of microprocessor after light-coupled isolation, microprocessor is connected with acousto-optic warning unit through the I/O mouth, is connected with communication unit through control bus.
In the scheme of said apparatus, connect by insulator between the sheet metal I of described capacity coupler and the sheet metal II, shielding case and sheet metal II connect, and are connect by insulating binder between the sheet metal I; Described capacitive divider is that the capacitances in series by three media of the same race constitutes; A high-voltage arm electric capacity and two low-voltage arm electric capacity; High-voltage arm electric capacity and sheet metal I are electrically connected; Be electrically connected with the sheet metal II after two low-voltage arm electric capacity and the high-voltage arm capacitances in series, the AC field signal after the capacitive divider dividing potential drop is drawn by two low-voltage arm electric capacity, draws signal and is connected to signal pickup circuit; Described signal pickup circuit is to constitute three amplifier metering circuits by two electrometer level high input impedance operational amplifier U1, U2 and an integrated differential operational amplifier U3; Output terminal at differential operational amplifier U3 is provided with the computing circuit in proportion that operational amplifier U4 constitutes, and the output signal of operational amplifier U4 gets into the precision rectifying filtering circuit; Described precision rectifying filtering circuit is made up of operational amplifier U5, operational amplifier U6, switch diode D1, switch diode D2 and resistance capacitance, and its output signal gets into the voltage-frequency change-over circuit; Described voltage-frequency change-over circuit is to be made up of voltage-frequency conversion chip U7 and resistance capacitance, and the frequency signal after its conversion is through delivering to the capturing unit of microprocessor after the light-coupled isolation; Described microprocessor unit is to be made up of processor chips U15 and peripheral circuit thereof, and microprocessor chip is connected with acousto-optic warning unit through the I/0 mouth, is connected with communication unit through control bus.
A kind of monitoring method that is used for above-mentioned vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring device of high-voltage power distribution device among the present invention; This method is the variation of monitoring vacuum tightness through the variation of monitoring vacuum tube radome ac potential; The sheet metal I was near the vacuum tube wall when it implemented monitoring, and the sheet metal II is connected with the power supply ground of signal conditioning circuit and afterwards passes through the metal shell ground connection of power distribution equipment; The capacity coupler of two sheet metal formations is realized the coupling of AC field signal; The coupled electric field signal by the capacitive divider dividing potential drop after; Obtain one and exchange the proportional ac voltage signal of electrostatic potential size with radome; This signal is drawn by capacitive divider two low-voltage arm electric capacity, picks up through the signal pickup circuit of high input impedance, and pickoff signals is handled the back through the precision rectifying filtering circuit and got into the voltage-frequency change-over circuit; The voltage-frequency change-over circuit is converted into frequency signal; Obtain thus and frequency signal that radome current potential size is proportional, frequency signal is through the laggard capturing unit of going into microprocessor of light-coupled isolation, and microprocessor utilizes the frequency computation part of the process completion signal that its memory inside solidifies and the relation of corresponding vacuum tightness thereof to handle; Microprocessor in the device realizes that through after the software processes to frequency signal resolution is 10
-2The vacuum tightness on-line monitoring.
Monitoring device of the present invention not only eliminated other monitoring device complex structure, the shortcoming of temperature stability difference, and also the strong electromagnetic wave that is produced when having eliminated high voltage distribution installation through big electric current disturbs.Its principal feature be obtained exchanging with the vacuum tube radome undistortedly the electrostatic potential size proportional frequency signal, and has combined to constitute monitoring device with vacuum tube vacuum-degree scene on-line monitoring, data processing, the pre-alarm of vacuum tightness deterioration and data communication facility with existing high-end CPU.This device compact on structural design, when supporting enforcement was monitored to high voltage distribution installation, the original device structure need not change, only needed to stamp mounting hole in the corresponding position and got final product, and did not influence the various performances of high voltage distribution installation, and particularly its insulativity is not affected.This device adopts conventional element and material; Cost is low; Industrial realization is convenient, is the more complete vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring device of function ratio comparatively practical in a kind of industry, thereby has avoided manual inspection; Realize the computer-aided traffic control operation, improved the reliability of high voltage distribution installation and even Operation of Electric Systems.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of monitoring device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sonde configuration synoptic diagram of monitoring device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a signal pickup circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a precision rectifying filtering circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a voltage-frequency change-over circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an acousto-optic warning unit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a communication unit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
By embodiment monitoring device of the present invention and monitoring method thereof are made further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Embodiment 1
The on-Line Monitor Device that alleged a kind of of embodiment of the present invention is used for vacuum tube vacuum-degree in the high voltage distribution installation is following:
Like Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of monitoring device, and Fig. 2-Fig. 7 is each element circuit schematic diagram of monitoring device.This device comprises capacitor-coupled device, capacitive divider, signal pickup circuit, precision rectifying filtering circuit, voltage-frequency change-over circuit, microprocessor unit, acousto-optic warning unit and communication unit.Wherein:
The capacitive divider that is made up of three dielectric capacitance series connection of the same race between two sheet metals of capacity coupler connects; The AC field signal of sensing is taken a sample by the capacitive divider low-voltage arm and is drawn; The sampled signal of drawing is directly connected on the signal pickup circuit; Pickoff signals is handled through the precision rectifying filtering circuit, converts thereof into frequency signal by the voltage-frequency change-over circuit, and frequency signal is delivered to microprocessor unit after light-coupled isolation; Microprocessor unit is connected with acousto-optic warning unit through the I/O mouth, through control bus and communication unit mutually in succession.
To described capacity coupler: its effect is the outer AC field signal of coupling radome; Support and connection through insulator (4) between two sheet metals of coupling mechanism; In addition in order to prevent the interference of electromagnetic wave signal in the metal probe surrounding enviroment; Concrete characteristics (power frequency is main) in conjunction with the electric system electromagnetic interference (EMI); Its peripheral shielding case (3) parcel made from the silicon steel material of high magnetic permeability, shielding case and grounding plate (5) connect, and have the material connection of the adhesive effect that insulate with epoxy resin (2) etc. with another sheet metal (1).Grounding plate is fixed on ground connection on the metal shell of power distribution equipment during use through supporting metab; Work under same reference potential for the whole device of assurance in addition, grounding plate also will link to each other with the power supply ground of signal circuit.
To described capacitive divider: its effect mainly is that the interchange electrostatic potential signal that the sheet metal electrode obtains is kept sampling, so that signal pickup circuit is picked up its sampled signal.The electric capacity that wherein links to each other with sheet metal (1) constitutes the high-voltage arm of voltage divider; Other two electric capacity constitute the low-voltage arm of voltage dividers; And the low-voltage arm electric capacity value that is connected with grounding plate (5) is 10-20 times of two other electric capacity value; The typical value of three electric capacity from the low-voltage arm to the high-voltage arm is successively in the device: 1UF, 0.1UF, 0.1UF, the sampling voltage signal is drawn from the low-voltage arm two ends.
To described signal pickup circuit: main effect is the sampling voltage signal that picks up capacitive divider, accomplishes metal probe and is connected with the undistorted property of the signal between the follow-up signal modulate circuit.Wherein U1, U2 have adopted electrometer level high input impedance operational amplifier, and U3 has adopted integrated differential operational amplifier, and it is 10 that U1, U2, U3 have constituted an input impedance
15The three amplifier metering circuits of Ω; For the input impedance that increases signal pickup circuit, accelerate its response speed, suppress its signal output drift phenomenon and take place; Added AC coupling capacitance C1, C2, C3, the C4 of high capacitive reactance at one-level amplifier front end and secondary amplifier front end, its value should be complementary with low-voltage arm electric capacity value.In order to make the output signal of differential operational amplifier U3 reach the optimization process state of little process chip U15, also added the operational amplification circuit in proportion that constitutes by operational amplifier U4 in the circuit in addition.
To described precision rectifying filtering circuit: mainly the industrial frequency AC signal rectification that picks up is become direct current signal; So that meet the requirement of voltage-frequency converter spare input signal; Mainly form by operational amplifier U5, operational amplifier U6 and switching diode D1, switching diode D2; Wherein switching diode D1, switching diode D2 select the less germanium switching diode of reverse leakage current for use; Operational amplifier U5, operational amplifier U6 select for use have high input impedance and low input offset voltage, noise is little, switching rate is high, is fit to the operational amplifier that voltage/current signals under the small-signal condition is carried out precision truing and amplification.The characteristics of this circuit be measure and the window of conversion than broad, when the input exchange signal amplitude hour can accurately convert thereof into direct current signal, when the amplitude of input exchange signal be no more than the amplifier WV 5/6 the time still can operate as normal.
To described voltage-frequency conversion circuit: main is the strong pulsed frequency formula digital signal of antijamming capability with the analog signal conversion behind the rectifying and wave-filtering, and wherein voltage-frequency converter adopts general voltage-frequency conversion chip U7 and general resistance, electric capacity thereof to form; Wherein U7 has used new temperature compensation ability gap reference circuit; In whole operating temperature range, under the supply voltage of 4V, high conversion accuracy is arranged all with low; The maximum linear degree of its frequency inverted is 0.01%; Output full scale frequency range is: 1Hz~100kHz, and its output pulse and all logical forms compatibility.
To described acousto-optic warning unit: mainly comprise luminotron D3, loudspeaker U8 and triode Q1, triode Q2.The acousto-optic warning unit control line links to each other with microcontroller GPIOA1, GPIOA2 mouth.This monitoring device is arranged on two kinds of situation and issues out sound and light alarm: the one, and when surpassing preset value, vacuum tube vacuum-degree reports to the police, and the 2nd, when surpassing certain value within a certain period of time, vacuum tube vacuum-degree reports to the police.
To described communication unit: RS-485 level transferring chip U11 through light-coupled isolation device U12, U13, U14 after, U15 links to each other with microcontroller.The RS-485 interface has adopted the combination of balance driver and differential receiver; So anti-common mode interference ability is stronger; Its maximum transmission distance standard value is 4000 feet, and reality can reach 3000 meters, and the RS-485 interface allows to connect nearly 128 transceivers on bus in addition; Promptly have the multistation ability, so just can utilize single RS-485 interface to set up vacuum tube vacuum-degree monitoring equipment network in many high voltage distribution installations easily; Because of the RS-485 interface has good noise immunity, above-mentioned advantages such as long transmission range and multistation ability just make it become serial line interface first-selected in this monitoring device.
Described microprocessor unit has been solidified a vacuum-degree monitoring program, comprised that initialize routine, frequency signal capture program, signal frequency and vacuum tightness change corresponding relation handling procedure, sound and light alarm program and communication program.The frequency collection that the frequency signal capture program has been accomplished signal calculates; Signal frequency changes the processing that the corresponding relation handling procedure has been accomplished frequency signal size corresponding vacuum tightness variation relation with it with vacuum tightness; The sound and light alarm program can realize vacuum tightness deterioration pre-alarm function; 485 communication programs have been accomplished this monitoring device and have been connected and data sharing with being incorporated into the power networks of other monitoring device, and microprocessor can realize that through after the software processes to frequency signal resolution is 10
-2The vacuum tightness on-line monitoring.Disturb for the suffered randomness of erasure signal modulate circuit in addition, microprocessor has taked to eliminate the software filtering measure of disturbing on software design.
Claims (8)
1. vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring device in the high voltage distribution installation; Comprise capacity coupler, capacitive divider, signal pickup circuit, precision rectifying filtering circuit, voltage-frequency change-over circuit, microprocessor unit, acousto-optic warning unit and communication unit; It is characterized in that: capacity coupler is to be made up of sheet metal I (1) and grounding plate II (5); Connected by capacitive divider therebetween, the AC field signal leads to signal pickup circuit by the capacitive divider low-voltage arm, and pickoff signals is through after the precision rectifying Filtering Processing; Convert thereof into frequency signal by the voltage-frequency change-over circuit; Frequency signal is delivered to the capturing unit of microprocessor after light-coupled isolation, microprocessor is connected with acousto-optic warning unit through the I/O mouth, is connected with communication unit through control bus;
Described signal pickup circuit is to constitute three amplifier metering circuits by two electrometer level high input impedance operational amplifier U1, U2 and an integrated differential operational amplifier U3; Output terminal at integrated differential operational amplifier U3 is provided with the computing circuit in proportion that operational amplifier U4 constitutes, and the output signal of operational amplifier U4 gets into the precision rectifying filtering circuit.
2. be connected by insulator (4) between device as claimed in claim 1, the sheet metal I (1) of its capacity coupler and sheet metal II (5), shielding case and sheet metal II (5) connect, and are connect by insulating binder between sheet metal I (1).
3. device as claimed in claim 1; Its capacitive divider is that the capacitances in series by three media of the same race constitutes; A high-voltage arm electric capacity and two low-voltage arm electric capacity, high-voltage arm electric capacity and sheet metal I (1) are electrically connected, and are electrically connected with sheet metal II (5) after two low-voltage arm electric capacity and the high-voltage arm capacitances in series; AC field signal after the capacitive divider dividing potential drop is drawn by two low-voltage arm electric capacity, draws signal and is connected to signal pickup circuit.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, its precision rectifying filtering circuit is made up of operational amplifier U5, operational amplifier U6, switch diode D1, switch diode D2 and resistance capacitance, and its output signal gets into the voltage-frequency change-over circuit.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, its voltage-frequency change-over circuit is to be made up of voltage-frequency conversion chip U7 and resistance capacitance, the frequency signal after its conversion is through delivering to the capturing unit of microprocessor after the light-coupled isolation.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, its microprocessor unit are to be made up of processor chips U15 and peripheral circuit thereof, and microprocessor chip is connected with acousto-optic warning unit through the I/O mouth, is connected with communication unit through control bus.
7. monitoring method that is used for vacuum tube vacuum-degree on-line monitoring device in the described high voltage distribution installation of claim 1, this method are the variations of monitoring vacuum tightness through the variation of monitoring vacuum tube radome ac potential.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, sheet metal I (1) was near the vacuum tube wall when it implemented monitoring, and sheet metal II (5) is connected with the power supply ground of signal conditioning circuit and afterwards passes through the metal shell ground connection of power distribution equipment; The capacity coupler of two sheet metal formations is realized the coupling of AC field signal; The coupled electric field signal by the capacitive divider dividing potential drop after; Obtain one and exchange the proportional ac voltage signal of electrostatic potential size with radome; This signal is drawn by capacitive divider two low-voltage arm electric capacity, picks up through the signal pickup circuit of high input impedance, and pickoff signals is handled the back through the precision rectifying filtering circuit and got into the voltage-frequency change-over circuit; The voltage-frequency change-over circuit is converted into frequency signal; Obtain thus and frequency signal that radome current potential size is proportional, frequency signal is through the laggard capturing unit of going into microprocessor of light-coupled isolation, and microprocessor utilizes the frequency computation part of the process completion signal that its memory inside solidifies and the relation of corresponding vacuum tightness thereof to handle; Microprocessor in the device realizes that through after the software processes to frequency signal resolution is 10
-2The vacuum tightness on-line monitoring.
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CN101975881B (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-05-23 | 太原理工大学 | Diagnosis and early warning device of faults of mine explosion-proof dry type transformers |
CN101995313A (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2011-03-30 | 北京华电蜂鸟科技有限责任公司 | Vacuum degree on-line monitor of vacuum circuit breaker based on pulse discharge detection |
CN102426076A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-04-25 | 遵义长征电器开关设备有限责任公司 | Method for detecting vacuum degree and temperature on line by 12kV vacuum arc extinguishing chamber |
CN102608410B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2015-03-25 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Pulse generation circuit, voltage measuring circuit and voltage measuring method |
CN102545688B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2015-04-01 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Power pulse generation device, drive method, and high-voltage wire electricity getting method |
CN103376184B (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2016-11-23 | 上海北玻镀膜技术工业有限公司 | A kind of based on the trendgram monitoring system under vacuum environment and application process thereof |
CN104897985B (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2017-12-08 | 长沙弘瑞电气设备有限公司 | A kind of capacitance partial pressure power taking passive voltage remote monitoring system |
CN106768611A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-31 | 唐恩(厦门)电气有限公司 | A kind of primary cut-out vacuum degree measurement system based on coupled capacitor |
CN112097991B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-06-08 | 无锡物联网创新中心有限公司 | Pirani vacuum gauge system |
CN113745050A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Vacuum degree on-line monitoring device and method |
CN114659706B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-02 | 季华实验室 | Vacuum degree detection method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium and system |
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