CN101752614A - Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and battery pack thereof - Google Patents

Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and battery pack thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101752614A
CN101752614A CN201010017648A CN201010017648A CN101752614A CN 101752614 A CN101752614 A CN 101752614A CN 201010017648 A CN201010017648 A CN 201010017648A CN 201010017648 A CN201010017648 A CN 201010017648A CN 101752614 A CN101752614 A CN 101752614A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
insulation layer
sodium
nickel chloride
shell
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Pending
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CN201010017648A
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杨晖
魏晓玲
帅莉芳
沈晓冬
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-energy high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and a battery pack thereof, which is made under the atmospheric temperature, wherein the total battery system reaches 120 Wh/kg. The single battery comprises a positive electrode, an electrolyte, a ceramic tube, sodium which is used as a negative active substance in a metal chip, a shell and a heat insulation layer material which wraps the shell, wherein the battery sequentially comprises the heat insulation layer material, the shell, the metal chip, the sodium, the solid electrolyte ceramic tube and the positive electrode which is filled with fuse salt electrolyte and porous nickel material from the exterior to the interior, wherein the sodium of the negative active substance and the filled fuse salt electrolyte are respectively filled at two sides of the solid electrolyte, the metal chip is wrapped on the solid electrolyte ceramic tube, and a capillary gap is formed between the metal chip and the ceramic tube, the fused salt infiltrates the entire solid electrolyte ceramic tube, two electrode rods extends out of the shell to form a positive and a negative terminals, the positive terminal extends out of the shell from the fuse salt, and the negative terminal is connected with the metal chip to extend out of the shell.

Description

A kind of novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and battery pack thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to use a kind of battery, more specifically to a kind of novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and battery pack thereof.
Background technology
As the sodium-nickel chloride battery that grows up on sodium-sulphur battery development basis, it and sodium/sulphur battery have many similarities: as solid electrolyte all is β "-Al 2O 3Ceramic material, negative pole all are liquid metal sodiums.Different is anodal, and it is to be dispersed in NaAlCl 4Solid nickel in the molten salt electrolyte and nickel chloride have replaced liquid sulfur and the sodium polysulfide in sodium/sulphur cell positive electrode.This battery has just kept advantages such as the original high-energy-density of sodium-sulphur battery, high conversion efficiency, no self discharge like this, and the sodium-nickel chloride battery provides the protection system of overcharging of an inherence and over-discharge can.Because the second electrolyte NaAlCl 4Existence, when battery is full of electricity, promptly when all NaCl react completely, excessive N i and NaAlCl in the positive pole 4Fused electrolyte reacts and generates Na.Because therefore height when the voltage ratio of this reaction needed charges normal, can stop electric current to flow through battery effectively.Simultaneously, if negative pole in have sodium, will with NaAlCl 4Fused electrolyte reacts, and has avoided the battery over-discharge can.Avoided simultaneously sulphur when high temperature to the corrosion behavior of battery itself, improved the cycle life and the security performance of battery, overall performance is better than sodium-sulphur battery.
The high power density of sodium-nickel chloride battery and high-energy-density make it that outstanding performance be arranged aspect energy storage.The sodium-nickel chloride battery also has good application prospect aspect the naval vessel.If the sodium-nickel chloride battery is used for above water craft, particularly on the boats and ships that use the combined power propulsion system, compare with lead-acid battery, can reduce the battery number of elements, the minimizing expense can satisfy the peak load requirement.Except that the power accumulator of deciding, also can make reserve battery or instrument and equipment battery.If the sodium-nickel chloride battery is used for submarine, can improves submarine mobility and cruise time and directly help the operating characteristics of conventional submarine.Can improve the speed of a ship or plane or improve endurance, thereby increase maneuverability and maneuvering range.Sodium-nickel chloride also provides superiority to AIP submarine propulsion of new generation system.On nuclear-powered submarine, storage battery is being kept the equipment of nuclear safety and safety of ship, and high specific energy has increased the cruising time under water behind the reactor shut-down, can have more time to recover action.
Everything, all giving the credit to the sodium-nickel chloride battery is that energy density is the highest in all batteries, whole battery system reaches 120Wh/kg; Power density is only second to lithium ion battery, reaches 180W/kg; The sodium-nickel chloride battery has unique overcharging resisting electricity and over-discharge property, and its excellent in safety is unique battery system by all safety tests of United States advanced battery associating association (USABC); Long service life, circulation is greater than 2000 times, the life-span is greater than 14 years, existing sodium-nickel chloride battery on electric automobile stable operation 7 years, and obtained the very satisfied result of 112,000 kilometers of no maintenance operations; Charge and to reach 50% discharge capacity in 30 minutes; Entire cell is non-maintaining all-sealed structure; Cost is lower than nickel chromium triangle, ni-mh and lithium ion battery, and its potential commercial promise becomes the focus that the various countries dealer vies each other.But present sodium-nickel chloride battery structure design more complicated has limited it and has used, and needs the battery and the packaging technology of a kind of simple structure of exploitation, provides the basis for making its scale industrialization and application.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves problems of the prior art with not enough, a kind of novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and battery pack thereof are provided, be made under normal temperature condition, whole battery system reaches 120Wh/kg.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, it includes the positive pole of nickel porous material, the molten salt electrolyte of filling, the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, in sheet metal the Na of negative electrode active material, shell and the heat insulation layer material that is coated on enclosure, battery is followed successively by the heat insulation layer material from outside to inside, shell, sheet metal, in sheet metal the Na of negative electrode active material, the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, the molten salt electrolyte of filling and the positive pole of nickel porous material, the Na of negative electrode active material and the molten salt electrolyte of filling are filled in the both sides of solid electrolyte respectively, sheet metal is coated on the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, and form capillary interstice between the earthenware, the sodium of fusion soaks into whole solid electrolyte ceramic pipe under capillarity, two electrode bars stretch out outside the shell, constitute positive and negative terminal, positive terminal stretches out shell from fuse salt, negative terminal connects sheet metal and stretches out shell.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, the outward appearance that its further technical scheme is a battery is circle, rectangle or square.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described shell is low-carbon steel material or high molecular polymer carbon fibre.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described solid electrolyte cross section is circle or cruciate flower type, and material is a sodium aluminate, and molecular formula is Na-β " Al 2O 3
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described inside battery working temperature is between 270 ℃-350 ℃.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, the sealing that its further technical scheme can also be the battery top is by α-Al 2O 3Circle and nickel ring are realized.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described two electrode bar materials are copper material, and the nickel porous material is coated in common formation collector on the Cu rod.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described heat insulation layer material is aerosil heat insulation layer or ceramic blankets heat insulation layer or fibrous glass insulation layer.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described nickel porous material is solid nickel or nickel chloride.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention, its further technical scheme can also be that described molten salt electrolyte is NaAlCl 4
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride battery pack of the present invention, it comprises the aforesaid cell that is connected in parallel, also comprise cooling device, battery pack heat insulation layer, battery-pack exterior casing and whole battery control system simultaneously, wherein the quantity of cell is 3~50.
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride battery pack of the present invention, its further technical scheme are that described battery pack outward appearance is a rectangle; Described battery pack heat insulation layer is aerosil heat insulation layer or ceramic blankets heat insulation layer or fibrous glass insulation layer; Described cooling device has fan; Described battery-pack exterior casing is a mild steel; Described battery pack internal work temperature is regulated by battery controller between 270 ℃-350 ℃.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride of the present invention has overcharging resisting electricity and over-discharge property, long service life, and security performance is good, and simultaneously simple in structure, easy to make, cost is lower.This battery can be used as the power source of boats and ships, oily electric hybrid vehicle, submarine, public transit system, to alleviate dependence to petroleum resources, and do not discharge any discarded object, can be used as one of feasible selection of high capacity cell in the electric power stocking system, very wide application prospect is arranged in urban distribution network, wind power generation and solar power generation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of cell of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of battery pack of the present invention
Description of reference numerals among Fig. 1:
1, positive pole 2, fuse salt 3, Na-β " Al 2O 3Solid electrolyte 4, sodium 5, sheet metal 6, shell 7, insulating barrier
Description of reference numerals among Fig. 2:
8, cell 9, cooling device 10, battery pack heat insulation layer 11, battery-pack exterior casing 12, whole battery control system
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, include the positive pole of nickel porous material, the molten salt electrolyte of filling, solid electrolyte ceramic pipe (length 220mm, internal diameter 52mm, wall thickness 2mm), in sheet metal the Na of negative electrode active material, shell (60*60*245mm) and be coated on the heat insulation layer material of enclosure, battery is followed successively by the heat insulation layer material from outside to inside, shell, sheet metal, in sheet metal the Na of negative electrode active material, the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, the molten salt electrolyte of filling and the positive pole of nickel porous material, the Na of negative electrode active material and the molten salt electrolyte of filling are filled in the both sides of solid electrolyte respectively, sheet metal is coated on the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, and form capillary interstice between the earthenware, the sodium of fusion soaks into whole solid electrolyte ceramic pipe under capillarity, two electrode bars stretch out outside the shell, constitute positive and negative terminal, positive terminal stretches out shell from fuse salt, negative terminal connects sheet metal and stretches out shell; The outward appearance of battery is a rectangle, and the shell of battery is low-carbon steel material or high molecular polymer carbon fibre, and described solid electrolyte cross section is circle or cruciate flower type, and material is a sodium aluminate, and molecular formula is Na-β " Al 2O 3, the cruciate flower type has increased surface area, has reduced bath resistance and anodal thickness, the specific energy of battery and specific power and Na-β " Al 2O 3The performance of solid electrolyte has much relations, and chemical composition is even, and the crystals porosity is low, Na +The conductivity of ion is just high more, and solid electrolyte and performance are all right, and the sealing on battery top is by α-Al 2O 3Circle and nickel ring are realized, two electrode bar materials are copper material, and wherein the nickel porous material is coated in common formation collector on the Cu rod, and the heat insulation layer material that is coated on enclosure is the aerosil heat insulation layer, the nickel porous material is a solid nickel, and molten salt electrolyte is NaAlCl 4
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2, novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride battery pack of the present invention, it comprise be connected in parallel as embodiment 1 described cell, also comprise cooling device, battery pack heat insulation layer, battery-pack exterior casing and whole battery control system simultaneously, wherein the quantity of cell is 30, and described battery pack outward appearance is a rectangle; Described battery pack heat insulation layer is aerosil heat insulation layer or ceramic blankets heat insulation layer or fibrous glass insulation layer; Described cooling device has fan; Described battery-pack exterior casing is a mild steel; Described battery pack internal work temperature is regulated by battery controller between 270 ℃-350 ℃.

Claims (10)

1. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery, it is characterized in that including the positive pole of nickel porous material, the molten salt electrolyte of filling, the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, in sheet metal the Na of negative electrode active material, shell and the heat insulation layer material that is coated on enclosure, battery is followed successively by the heat insulation layer material from outside to inside, shell, sheet metal, in sheet metal the Na of negative electrode active material, the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, the molten salt electrolyte of filling and the positive pole of nickel porous material, the Na of negative electrode active material and the molten salt electrolyte of filling are filled in the both sides of solid electrolyte respectively, sheet metal is coated on the solid electrolyte ceramic pipe, and form capillary interstice between the earthenware, the sodium of fusion soaks into whole solid electrolyte ceramic pipe under capillarity, two electrode bars stretch out outside the shell, constitute positive and negative terminal, positive terminal stretches out shell from fuse salt, negative terminal connects sheet metal and stretches out shell.
2. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that the outward appearance of battery is circle, rectangle or square, and described shell is low-carbon steel material or high molecular polymer carbon fibre.
3. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described solid electrolyte cross section is circle or cruciate flower type, and material is a sodium aluminate, and molecular formula is Na-β " Al 2O 3
4. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described inside battery working temperature is between 270 ℃-350 ℃; The sealing on battery top is by α-Al 2O 3Circle and nickel ring are realized.
5. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described two electrode bar materials are copper material, and the nickel porous material is coated in common formation collector on the Cu rod.
6. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described heat insulation layer material is aerosil heat insulation layer or ceramic blankets heat insulation layer or fibrous glass insulation layer.
7. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 or 5 is characterized in that described nickel porous material is solid nickel or nickel chloride.
8. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described molten salt electrolyte is NaAlCl 4
9. novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride battery pack, it is characterized in that: it comprise be connected in parallel as the arbitrary described cell of claim 1-8, also comprise cooling device, battery pack heat insulation layer, battery-pack exterior casing and whole battery control system simultaneously, wherein the quantity of cell is 3~50.
10. high-energy-density sodium-nickel chloride battery pack according to claim 9 is characterized in that described battery pack outward appearance is a rectangle; Described battery pack heat insulation layer is aerosil heat insulation layer or ceramic blankets heat insulation layer or fibrous glass insulation layer; Described cooling device has fan; Described battery-pack exterior casing is a mild steel; Described battery pack internal work temperature is regulated by battery controller between 270 ℃-350 ℃.
CN201010017648A 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Novel low-cost high-density sodium-nickel chloride single battery and battery pack thereof Pending CN101752614A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102683619A (en) * 2011-04-18 2012-09-19 耿世达 Sodium-sulfur cell shell
CN102780049A (en) * 2012-08-10 2012-11-14 南京工业大学 High-capacity sodium-nickel-chloride unit flat plate battery and battery pack thereof
CN102856554A (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 通用电气公司 Cathode for sodium-metal halide battery, battery comprising the same, and its preparation method and use
CN103066284A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-04-24 宁夏天宇光电太阳能科技有限公司 Preparation method of negative electrode material sodium chloride of sodium nickel battery
CN103078118A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-05-01 宁夏天宇光电太阳能科技有限公司 Preparation method of sodium-nickel battery cathode material
WO2013101435A1 (en) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 General Electric Company Modular high temperature battery electrical configurations
CN103545571A (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-29 上海通用汽车有限公司 Fluid heat-exchange type battery cell, battery and vehicle
CN103545570A (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-29 上海通用汽车有限公司 Air-cooled type battery cell, battery and vehicle
CN103718348A (en) * 2011-05-31 2014-04-09 通用电气公司 Electrode compositions useful for energy storage devices and other applications
CN103928661A (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-07-16 通用电气公司 Composition, energy storage device, and related processes
CN104282951A (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-14 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Sodium cell and positive pole material
CN104521057A (en) * 2012-06-11 2015-04-15 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Electrode unit
CN104995770A (en) * 2013-02-04 2015-10-21 电离技术有限公司 Electrochemical cells
CN105830274A (en) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-03 住友电气工业株式会社 Molten salt cell
CN108463899A (en) * 2015-12-14 2018-08-28 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Device for storing electric energy and for its assembling and start and for its operation method
CN112655108A (en) * 2018-08-30 2021-04-13 第一工业制药株式会社 Battery holder and battery pack
CN114068922A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-18 深圳大学 Sodium-nickel chloride battery positive electrode material with active substance with hollow structure and preparation method thereof

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102683619A (en) * 2011-04-18 2012-09-19 耿世达 Sodium-sulfur cell shell
CN103718348A (en) * 2011-05-31 2014-04-09 通用电气公司 Electrode compositions useful for energy storage devices and other applications
CN102856554A (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 通用电气公司 Cathode for sodium-metal halide battery, battery comprising the same, and its preparation method and use
US8916285B2 (en) 2011-12-28 2014-12-23 General Electric Company Modular high temperature battery electrical configurations
WO2013101435A1 (en) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 General Electric Company Modular high temperature battery electrical configurations
CN104521057A (en) * 2012-06-11 2015-04-15 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Electrode unit
CN103545571A (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-29 上海通用汽车有限公司 Fluid heat-exchange type battery cell, battery and vehicle
CN103545570A (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-29 上海通用汽车有限公司 Air-cooled type battery cell, battery and vehicle
CN102780049A (en) * 2012-08-10 2012-11-14 南京工业大学 High-capacity sodium-nickel-chloride unit flat plate battery and battery pack thereof
CN102780049B (en) * 2012-08-10 2015-06-03 南京工业大学 High-capacity sodium-nickel-chloride unit flat plate battery and battery pack thereof
CN103928661B (en) * 2012-11-13 2018-05-08 通用电气公司 Composition, energy storage device and relevant method
CN103928661A (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-07-16 通用电气公司 Composition, energy storage device, and related processes
CN103066284A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-04-24 宁夏天宇光电太阳能科技有限公司 Preparation method of negative electrode material sodium chloride of sodium nickel battery
CN103078118A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-05-01 宁夏天宇光电太阳能科技有限公司 Preparation method of sodium-nickel battery cathode material
CN104995770A (en) * 2013-02-04 2015-10-21 电离技术有限公司 Electrochemical cells
CN104282951A (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-14 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Sodium cell and positive pole material
CN104282951B (en) * 2013-07-09 2016-10-19 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Sode cell and positive electrode thereof
CN105830274A (en) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-03 住友电气工业株式会社 Molten salt cell
CN108463899A (en) * 2015-12-14 2018-08-28 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Device for storing electric energy and for its assembling and start and for its operation method
US11031645B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2021-06-08 Basf Se Device for storing electrical energy, method for assembling and starting up said device, and method for operating said device
CN108463899B (en) * 2015-12-14 2021-08-31 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Device for storing electrical energy and method for the assembly and activation thereof and for the operation thereof
CN112655108A (en) * 2018-08-30 2021-04-13 第一工业制药株式会社 Battery holder and battery pack
CN114068922A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-18 深圳大学 Sodium-nickel chloride battery positive electrode material with active substance with hollow structure and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20100623