CN101750114B - Method for measuring porosity of shelter belt - Google Patents

Method for measuring porosity of shelter belt Download PDF

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CN101750114B
CN101750114B CN2008102296601A CN200810229660A CN101750114B CN 101750114 B CN101750114 B CN 101750114B CN 2008102296601 A CN2008102296601 A CN 2008102296601A CN 200810229660 A CN200810229660 A CN 200810229660A CN 101750114 B CN101750114 B CN 101750114B
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volume
tree
branch
belt
height
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CN101750114A (en
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范志平
高俊刚
邓东周
余新晓
孙学凯
张新厚
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Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the porosity of a shelter belt, comprising the following steps: firstly, measuring size of components of a forest belt, breast height of trees in the forest belt, tree height and profile of longitudinal section of the forest belt; secondly, establishing a function of the relationship among the size of the tree, the breast height and the tree height according to the relationship between the measured size of the tree and the breast height as well as the tree height; thirdly, determining distribution of the size of each tree in the vertical direction by means of a distribution regression function of the sizes of the trees in the forest belt along the vertical direction; fourthly, determining horizontal distribution of the size of the forest belt in each layer by means of the longitudinal section of the forest belt; and finally, building a spatial three-dimensional matrix distribution map of the size of the forest belt, wherein the determined gap in the forest belt is the porosity of the shelter belt. The method for measuring the porosity of the shelter belt provided by the invention is a measurement method for three-dimensional porosity of the shelter belt; and the method reflects the internal structure of the forest belt more truly.

Description

A kind of assay method of porosity of shelter belt
Technical field
The present invention relates to the assay method of porosity of shelter belt, is the assay method of the three-dimensional density in shelter belt specifically.
Background technology
Shelter belt is the basic assurance of agricultural production operation and the normal operation of various traffic activity, according to the forest belt of difference protection purpose (as the orchard, habitat, vegetable field, farmland, road etc.) Demand Design different structure, the harm that alleviates disasteies such as strong wind.The forest belt structure Design mainly comprises: forest belt density, seed of forest collocation, forest belt line number, clear bole height, forest belt height and section shape are isoparametric to be determined, and these parametric synthesis are reflected on this index of shelterbelt porosity, therefore accurately measuring shelterbelt porosity is the main foundation of shelter-forest planning and design, operation control in the production practices, have only and determined specific shelterbelt porosity, could in forest belt construction and afforestation process, carry out determining of concrete characteristic parameters such as density, width trees height and seeds collocation.
The domestic and international at present mensuration aspect about shelterbelt porosity adopts two-dimentional density to be also referred to as the testing index of printing opacity density as shelterbelt porosity.This method only is only applicable to air partition, extremely narrow protection hedge etc., and for this forest belt, owing to there is not tangible width dimension, it is also simple relatively to utilize this method to measure, and therefore two-dimentional density is a kind of structure determination index that is fit to relatively in this case.But extremely narrow forest belt seldom is set in the structure of agricultural protection forest, and when calculating two-dimentional density, the digital photo that gather is owing to the difference of illumination, background, shooting angle simultaneously, and its precision all can be affected.Particularly for the multirow forest belt that various tall fillings mix different compositions such as friendship, the wealthy mixed friendship of pin, width is the important parameter of forest belt aerodynamic action process, and the width dimension is a never negligible important factor.And two-dimentional density has been ignored the variation that the width dimension goes up the forest belt structure, and this aerodynamic force of just having ignored trees forest belt inner structure itself influences feature and physical significance.Therefore, for a shelter-forest with obvious width dimension, the two dimension density be the forest belt is done as a whole, the structural constituent in space, forest belt is not described veritably, so, be difficult to it can not instruct production and operation and the management of shelter-forest exactly as a desirable forest belt aerodynamic structures description entry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of measuring method that can on three dimensions, describe porosity of shelter belt, this method spatially reflects the forest belt inner structure comparatively truly, the mensuration that has overcome former two-dimentional density but just is defined as a value with forest belt integral body, does not have the situation of reflection for the Spatial Distribution Pattern in true forest belt.
In order to address the above problem, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The assay method of this porosity of shelter belt comprises the steps:
At first, the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree and forest belt vertical section profile in forest belt component volume, the forest belt are measured;
Then, according to the tree body volume of actual measurement and the relation of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree, set up the relation function of tree body volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree:
Figure GSB00000505070100021
Figure GSB00000505070100022
V 3(D, H)=0.00116 * D 2.3689h -0.6085, V 1Represent dry volume, V 2Represent the branch volume, V 3Represent Ye Tiji, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of D representative tree, h represents the height of tree;
Secondly, utilize and set the distribution regression function that body volume is in vertical direction determined the vertical direction upper volume in the forest belt,
Figure GSB00000505070100023
ψ V 2 ( z ) = 6.3643 × ( z / h ) 1.6115 × ( 1 - z / h ) 0.6354 h ;
ψ V 3 ( z ) = 21.9 h × ( z / h ) 3.367 × ( 1 - z / h ) 0.8413 ;
Z represents forest belt height dimension coordinate,, ψ V1Represent dry volume distribution function in vertical direction, ψ V2Represent branch volume distribution function in vertical direction, ψ V3Represent Ye Tiji distribution function in vertical direction, and function is analogized the distribution in vertical direction of every tree body volume thus;
Once more, utilize the forest belt vertical section to determine that the forest belt volume sets the horizontal distribution function of body volume in every layer,
Figure GSB00000505070100026
Figure GSB00000505070100027
x 0Coordinate for trunk in the width dimension;
Figure GSB00000505070100028
x 0Coordinate for trunk in the width dimension;
X represents forest belt width dimension coordinate,
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500011
Representative is done respectively, branch, leaf be when height z and forest belt width x point, the crown canopy length of length dimension y direction accounts for this tree is formed class elliptical area area (tree removes to cut crown canopy at arbitrary height with a surface level, and resulting crown canopy profile is the class elliptical area that two semiellipses are formed) in two semiellipses of height z crown canopy profile ratio;
At last, do in the forest belt, the discrete value structure forest belt volume three-dimensional matrice distribution plan spatially of branch and the integration of leaf on a length and width and a Senior Three direction, determine that the space in the forest belt is exactly the density in shelter belt, the equation that obtains the three-dimensional density in shelter belt is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500012
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500013
I=1,2,3, respectively representative do, branch, leaf, Δ x, Δ y, Δ z are that the spatial resolution grid cell is in size wide, long, high direction; φ C(D, h, x, y z) represents that (z) height of tree is h for x, y, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is the three-dimensional density that D is ordered for point in the forest belt in the forest belt; Ψ Vi(z) the i component that is illustrated in height z layer is set the ratio that the body volume accounts for whole this component volume of tree, its integral
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500014
The i component tree body volume that is illustrated in height z layer accounts for the volume ratio of whole this component volume of tree;
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500015
Be illustrated in the ratio that height z length y direction accounts for whole woods hat class elliptical area, its integral
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500016
Being illustrated in each space lattice of height z layer (is meant at height from z-0.5 Δ z to z+0.5 Δ z, width from x-0.5 Δ x to x+0.5 Δ x, length is 1.5m space multistory rectangular parallelepiped, as Fig. 1,2 and 3) in the volume of this component of i component tree body volume account for the ratio of this layer plant volume.
Forest belt vertical section profile measurement is exactly at first to utilize photographic process to obtain the vertical section photo in forest belt, be 1m according to height dimension resolution (thickness of layering) then, width dimension resolution also is 1m, the forest belt is broken into grid as Fig. 4, and falling the forest belt profile that grid just is defined as every layer by the profile in forest belt then has much.
That the measurement of described forest belt component volume comprises is dried, the measurement of branch and leaf volume;
Describedly do, the measurement of branch and leaf volume comprises the measurement of layering cubing and whole tree volume;
The measurement of described dry volume at first utilizes the size of space lattice on height dimension, and the upper and lower side diameter of measure doing, and then the trunk of spatial resolution grid cell size is used as the diameter of a circular cone frustum by two ends and calculates its volume;
The measurement of described branch volume, at first the big young pathbreaker's branch by branch is divided into different monoids, utilize then that the methods of sampling is measured the middle footpath of branch in the sample, branch is long and the diameter at branch two ends, and then the recurrence scale-up factor of the branch volume that the footpath branch is looked in calculating and actual branch volume (by a branch two ends diameter and long the trying to achieve of branch), at last the resulting volume of length and middle footpath by measuring branch in the whole monoid with return scale-up factor and estimate the volume of each monoid branch;
The measurement of described leaf volume is that to be used as a layering to every layer overall, therefrom sampling then, and utilize drainage to determine the volume of sampling leaf, recently calculate the volume of every layer of leaf again by the quality of sampling leaf and the overall leaf of layering.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) in the inventive method, for any one forest belt of choosing seeds, the density of this optional position, forest belt can be obtained so.Spatially reflect the forest belt inner structure comparatively truly, and the mensuration of former two-dimentional density just is defined as a value with forest belt integral body, for the not reflection of Spatial Distribution Pattern in true forest belt.
(2) establishment of middle forest tape tree body of the present invention Distribution Pattern spatially, the corresponding three-dimensional density that obtains the forest belt, can be used for the distribution of correction air pressure field when in this porous medium of forest belt, moving, when research air in the past passes this porous medium of forest belt, be not consider that the shared spatial volume of forest belt tree body is to the influence of pressure field.So just can provide theoretical support for the numerical simulation prediction research in forest belt.
(3) the present invention will be for a long time always as the shelter belt of black box processing, and structure and surface have been carried out real announcement internally.
(4) the inventive method can obtain simultaneously the distribution spatially of forest belt tree body surface area, the modeling basis that this drag item for the parametrization forest belt provides.
(5) measuring method of the present invention is applicable to the measurement of the three-dimensional density of any seeds and different forest belts size (setting n tree from 1).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the forest belt synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the forest belt row is to schematic cross-sectional view;
Fig. 3 is listed as to the vertical section synoptic diagram for the forest belt;
Fig. 4 is that the mensuration forest belt vertical section of the three-dimensional density in forest belt is taken figure;
Fig. 5 is the graph of a relation of dried cumulative volume and the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground;
Fig. 6 is dry volume distribution function figure in vertical direction;
Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of branch cumulative volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree;
Fig. 8 is branch volume distribution function figure in vertical direction;
Fig. 9 is the graph of a relation of leaf cumulative volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree;
Figure 10 is leaf volume distribution function figure in vertical direction.
Embodiment
Choose in the agricultural protection forest of locality net that long 100m is wide to be 5 four lines willow belt transects of 12m, carried out sample survey, size is decided to be 24 trees, sample will be chosen at inside and outside different position, forest belt, and choosing of different diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground trees will form a gradient from small to large, measures the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree of tree body simultaneously.The forest belt component volume of 6 trees is wherein carried out the investigation and the measurement of stratified sampling, is about to these 6 trees and blocks by highl stratification, 1 meter of every floor height, will do again, branch, leaf separately, survey respectively do, the volume of branch, leaf; Investigate and measure for other 18 the forest belt component volumes that carry out whole tree body, will do, branch, leaf separately, survey respectively do, the volume of branch, leaf.
Embodiment 1: the measurement of dry volume and calculating
First, the measurement of dry volume, height dimension (height dimension is meant the thickness in every layer in forest belt) resolution is 1m in height dimension size, height is respectively 12cm at 200cm to the diameter of 300cm upper and lower side, 10cm, then the trunk of this section is used as a circular cone frustum and can be utilized following formula to calculate:
Figure GSB00000505070100051
Obtaining this section is 9529.5cm at the volume of height 250cm 3This is set the accumulative total of all highl stratification dry volumes and is the dry volume of this tree just so.
The second, set up the relation function of the dry volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree:
The measured value of table 1 dry volume, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree such as following table:
The tree numbering The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground cm of D tree H height of tree cm V volume m 3
1 13.50 1426.5 0.0792
2 20.00 1710.5 0.2335
3 16.45 1493.5 0.1300
4 18.00 1590.0 0.1882
5 23.45 1695.0 0.3266
6 16.30 1156.0 0.1073
7 20.30 1570.0 0.2264
8 14.45 1243.0 0.0867
9 28.95 1598.0 0.4275
10 25.86 1813.0 0.3712
11 12.10 970.0 0.0532
12 12.65 959.0 0.0535
13 10.60 1066.0 0.0377
14 9.52 1080.0 0.0370
15 13.40 1453.0 0.0790
16 20.20 1720.0 0.2333
17 16.50 1422.0 0.1298
18 17.90 1623.0 0.1880
19 23.30 1686.0 0.3264
20 16.20 1251.0 0.1071
21 20.20 1568.0 0.2262
22 14.52 1234.0 0.0865
23 28.90 1586.0 0.4273
24 25.80 1845.0 0.3710
The value of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of the dry volume measured and tree body and the height of tree is brought in the nonlinear fitting regression block among the SAS8.0, obtain triadic relation's surface equation parameter, utilize MatLab7.0 that the data and the regression surface of observation station are plotted among the figure (Fig. 5) again.Fig. 5 provides is the graph of a relation of dried cumulative volume and the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground; * represents the dried cumulative volume of the corresponding height of tree of factual survey, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground correspondence among Fig. 5, utilizes the non-linear regression relation between the three to try to achieve this curved surface, and the functional relation of this curved surface is:
V 1 ( D , h ) = 0.00205 × D 3.7809 × h - 0.4625 Ln ( 0.1654 × D ) .
The 3rd, determine dry volume volume distributed median regression function in vertical direction:
The dry volume that table 2 is measured differing heights correspondence volume distributed median value ψ v (x) and the corresponding height of tree h product value and the corresponding relative height x/h that get in vertical direction shows:
x/h ψ v(x)×h x/h ψ v(x)×h
0.0701 3.2739 0.6696 0.5094
0.1402 2.5174 0.7365 0.3201
0.2103 1.9137 0.8035 0.1940
0.2804 1.6921 0.8704 0.0836
0.3505 1.3786 0.9374 0.0305
0.4206 1.0217 1.0000 0.0069
0.4907 0.7534 0.0629 2.8465
0.5608 0.5622 0.1258 2.1183
0.6309 0.4393 0.1887 2.0470
0.7010 0.3085 0.2516 2.0102
0.7711 0.2239 0.3145 1.5245
0.8412 0.1284 0.3774 1.0900
0.9113 0.0471 0.4403 0.9613
0.9814 0.0044 0.5031 0.9281
1.0000 0.0005 0.5660 0.7521
0.0585 2.9373 0.6289 0.5470
0.1169 2.2806 0.6918 0.4602
0.1754 2.0336 0.7547 0.3230
0.2338 1.9640 0.8176 0.1646
0.2923 1.6371 0.8805 0.0864
0.3508 1.2612 0.9434 0.0361
0.4092 1.0647 1.0000 0.0047
0.4677 0.9392 0.0590 2.8361
0.5262 0.7789 0.1180 2.1488
0.5846 0.6899 0.1770 1.8753
0.6431 0.5860 0.2360 1.7720
0.7015 0.4073 0.2950 1.5201
0.7600 0.2716 0.3540 1.3279
0.8185 0.1583 0.4130 1.1623
0.8769 0.0704 0.4720 0.9451
0.9354 0.0201 0.5310 0.8365
0.9939 0.0048 0.5900 0.7189
1.0000 0.0001 0.6490 0.5731
0.0670 3.1400 0.7080 0.5031
0.1339 2.3273 0.7670 0.3721
0.2009 1.8736 0.8260 0.2206
0.2678 1.5150 0.8850 0.1081
0.3348 1.3325 0.9440 0.0249
0.4017 1.1691 1.0000 0.0050
0.4687 0.9445 0.0433 2.8580
0.5357 0.7894 0.6026 0.6991
Bring into and do nonlinear regression analysis in the non-linear regression module of MatLab7.0 software and obtain curve measuring dry volume and relative height, observation station is plotted in this curve map again, obtain the vertical distribution functional arrangement 6 of trunk volume, * represents the corresponding volume of doing of every layer height and the product of the corresponding height of tree among Fig. 6, utilize the non-linear regression relation between the two to try to achieve this curve, the functional relation of this curve is:
ψ V 1 ( z ) = 6.3643 × ( z / h ) 1.6115 × ( 1 - z / h ) 0.6354 h .
The 4th, as Fig. 4, utilize the forest belt vertical section determine every layer in dry volume distribution function in the horizontal direction,
Figure GSB00000505070100072
Embodiment 2: the measurement and the calculating of branch volume
The first, the measurement of branch volume, at first the big young pathbreaker's branch by branch is divided into different monoids, utilizes then that the methods of sampling is measured the middle footpath of branch in the sample, branch is long and the diameter at branch two ends.Get the long 120cm of being of branch, because a branch thickness has sudden change at length direction, so separately two sections of catastrophe points, first section upper and lower side diameter 20mm, 15mm, length is 80cm, then this segment body is long-pending is:
Figure GSB00000505070100073
Another section diameter up and down is 8mm, 2mm, and length is 40cm, and the volume of this section is:
Figure GSB00000505070100074
The actual volume of the volume of this section is two ends sum V just R=202.5cm 3The middle footpath of this branch (diameter of the long mid point of branch) is 16cm simultaneously, and the volume that the footpath obtains in utilizing so (footpath volume in being called) just is:
Figure GSB00000505070100075
The rest may be inferred, measures shown in the actual branch volume and the middle footpath following statement following table of volume (table 3) of 24 tree monoids sampling samples, utilizes the return law of the straight line of Excel, following relation: V R=1.0525V MSo again by the branch of measuring each the long and middle footpath while in conjunction with V R=1.0525V MJust can in the hope of the volume of each monoid, also just can obtain the branch volume (table 5) that layering measures, and the cumulative volume (table 4) of every branch.
Footpath volume and actual branch volume questionnaire in the sampling of table 3
Middle footpath volume V M Actual branch volume V R Middle footpath volume V M Actual branch volume V R
56.34 62.42 4.86 6.36
48.40 128.30 1.07 1.29
155.62 166.55 24.41 38.23
39.66 31.29 288.78 254.80
6.36 3.98 314.92 276.60
1.14 1.26 174.41 129.61
60.62 62.63 126.76 129.65
32.58 41.93 95.51 84.11
2.99 3.63 228.35 190.35
133.21 144.14 506.67 577.93
271.74 313.05 348.13 402.19
459.48 562.32 276.07 326.09
33.60 35.58 263.11 301.53
306.52 376.90 226.86 254.07
171.48 243.52 1.01 1.35
169.53 178.64 158.88 189.63
175.35 183.21 119.88 97.66
139.90 143.56 121.93 138.29
102.48 107.42 28.87 30.48
91.49 92.38 3.74 5.03
422.79 430.06 165.02 129.77
135.97 152.74 28.98 34.23
396.09 373.37 12.23 15.51
434.16 395.86 4.78 4.33
182.71 190.35 2.22 4.27
177.50 210.54 58.25 54.07
62.65 70.29 12.07 14.11
320.22 363.73 43.39 44.85
267.88 303.30 10.46 8.20
503.87 353.41 14.54 12.57
324.85 311.78 43.20 41.51
299.58 423.75 32.65 31.98
206.99 255.99 14.46 14.28
359.48 433.58 66.14 69.00
350.86 367.78 15.65 30.52
276.23 329.22 416.96 385.25
207.84 210.37 54.64 52.38
209.15 229.59 419.80 450.73
190.15 184.35 24.52 22.05
160.40 158.68 389.76 487.15
165.60 73.97 39.22 40.82
The second, the relation function of the foundation branch volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree:
The measured value such as the following table of table 4 volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree:
The tree numbering The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground cm of D tree H height of tree cm V volume m 3
1 13.5 1426.5 0.0152
2 20 1710.5 0.0400
3 16.45 1493.5 0.0369
4 18 1590 0.0310
5 23.45 1695 0.0492
6 16.3 1156 0.0245
7 20.3 1570 0.0411
8 14.45 1243 0.0103
9 28.95 1598 0.1231
10 25.86 1813 0.0825
11 12.1 970 0.0105
12 12.65 959 0.0172
13 10.6 1066 0.0078
14 9.52 1080 0.0065
15 13.4 1453 0.0150
16 20.2 1720 0.0412
17 16.5 1422 0.0365
18 17.9 1623 0.0306
19 23.3 1686 0.0493
20 16.2 1251 0.0243
21 20.2 1568 0.4160
22 14.52 1234 0.0101
23 28.9 1586 0.1210
24 25.8 1845 0.0824
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of the branch cumulative volume measured and tree body and the height of tree are brought into the parameter that obtains surface equation in the nonlinear fitting regression block among the SAS8.0, utilize MatLab7.0 that the data and the regression surface of observation station are plotted among Fig. 7 again, Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of branch cumulative volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree, * represents the branch cumulative volume of the corresponding height of tree of factual survey, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground correspondence among Fig. 7, utilize the non-linear regression relation between the three to try to achieve this curved surface, the functional relation of this representation of a surface is:
V 2 ( D , h ) = 0.00205 × D 3.7809 × h - 0.4625 Ln ( 0.1654 × D ) .
The 3rd, determine branch volume volume distributed median regression function in vertical direction:
The branch volume that table 5 is measured differing heights correspondence volume distributed median value ψ v (x) and the product value that gets of corresponding height of tree h and relative height x/h accordingly in vertical direction, as following table:
x/h ψv(x)*h x/h ψv(x)*h
0.0701 0.1710 0.7785 2.2725
0.1402 0.3738 0.8651 1.3832
0.2103 0.5001 0.9516 1.3338
0.2804 0.7558 1.0000 0.3952
0.3505 0.9056 0.0626 0.0000
0.4206 2.5651 0.1252 0.0775
0.4907 2.4286 0.1879 0.5039
0.5608 2.2562 0.2505 0.4651
0.6309 1.8122 0.3131 0.5427
0.7010 1.5831 0.3757 0.4651
0.7711 1.0967 0.4383 0.8915
0.8412 1.0091 0.5009 1.0466
0.9113 0.4762 0.5636 1.9769
0.9814 0.1899 0.6262 1.8218
1.0000 0.0030 0.6888 2.3645
0.0585 0.0000 0.7514 2.2870
0.1169 0.1715 0.8140 1.7055
0.1754 0.3430 0.8766 1.3179
0.2338 0.3858 0.9393 0.4651
0.2923 0.2572 1.0000 0.0388
0.3508 0.8145 0.0552 0.0000
0.4092 1.5004 0.1103 0.1551
0.4677 1.9291 0.1655 0.8201
0.5262 0.9003 0.2206 0.5319
0.5846 1.9720 0.2758 0.3103
0.6431 2.1864 0.3309 0.7536
0.7015 1.9720 0.3861 1.0417
0.7600 1.5433 0.4413 0.8644
0.8185 1.5004 0.4964 1.0195
0.8769 0.9860 0.5516 1.5515
0.9354 0.5573 0.6067 1.2855
0.9939 0.0857 0.6619 1.5293
1.0000 0.0000 0.7170 1.9504
0.0865 0.0000 0.7722 2.2385
0.1730 0.2964 0.8274 1.8618
0.2595 0.5434 0.8825 1.5736
0.3460 0.5434 0.9377 0.5763
0.4325 0.4446 0.9928 0.0665
0.5190 1.1362 1.0000 0.0000
0.6055 1.3832 0.6920 1.8279
Layering is measured a volume and relative height brings into and does nonlinear regression analysis in the non-linear regression module of MatLab7.0 software and obtain curve, again observation station is plotted in the curve map, obtain volume distribution function Fig. 8 in vertical direction, * represents the volume of the corresponding branch of every layer height and the product of the corresponding height of tree among Fig. 8, utilize non-linear regression relation between the two to try to achieve this curve, the represented functional relation of this curve is:
ψ V 2 ( z ) = 6.3643 × ( z / h ) 1.6115 × ( 1 - z / h ) 0.6354 h .
The 4th, as Fig. 4, utilize photographic process to obtain the vertical section photo in forest belt, be 1m according to height resolution (thickness of layering) then, width dimension resolution also is 1m, and the forest belt is broken into grid as Fig. 4, and falling the forest belt profile that grid just is defined as every layer by the profile in forest belt then has much.
The 1st tree: x 0=2.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5,2.5,1.5,0; Work as z=0～2,3～6,3～13,14～16,19 respectively;
l 2(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～2,3～16,19.
The 2nd tree: x 0=4.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～2,3～14,15;
l 2(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～2,3～14,15.
The 3rd tree: x 0=6.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5; When z=0～2,3～14;
l 2(z)=0,1.5; When z=0～2,3～14.
The 4th tree: x 0=8.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～1,2～15,16;
l 2(z)=0,1.5,2.5,3.5,2.5,0; Work as z=0～1,2～3,4～8,9～14,15,16 respectively.
Branch volume distribution function in the horizontal direction in utilizing that forest belt vertical section and horizontal Noodles are oval and determining every layer,
Figure GSB00000505070100112
x 0Coordinate for trunk in the width dimension;
Embodiment 3: the measurement of leaf volume and calculating
The first, the mensuration of leaf volume, as get wherein that the leaf general assembly (TW) of one deck is 3000g, and the 200g that therefrom samples at random, the volume that utilizes drainage to record this 200g sample is 230mL, and the volume of this layer leaf is 230* (3000/200)=3450mL just so, and the rest may be inferred.Leaf layering volume and cumulative volume with regard to every passable tree.
Drainage is exactly to add a certain amount of water in graduated container, then a certain amount of blade immersed in the water, and water liquid level variation in the measuring vessel, thus calculate the volume of these blades.The second, set up the relation function of the leaf volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree:
The measured value such as the following table of the table 6 leaf volume diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree:
The tree numbering The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of D tree H height of tree cm V leaf volume
1 13.5 1426.5 4013
2 20 1710.5 13565
3 16.45 1493.5 9236
4 18 1590 14373.34
5 23.45 1695 17817.69
6 16.3 1156 13913.66
7 20.3 1570 16548.77
8 14.45 1243 4674.436
9 28.95 1598 37222.37
10 25.86 1813 30405.49
11 12.1 970 5246.495
12 12.65 959 10754.47
13 10.6 1066 5364.225
14 9.52 1080 464.6146
15 13.4 1453 4113
16 20.2 1720 13252
17 16.5 1422 8952
18 17.9 1623 14268
19 23.3 1686 17131
20 16.2 1251 13864
21 20.2 1568 16254
22 14.52 1234 4281
23 28.9 1586 37161
24 25.8 1845 30161
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of the leaf cumulative volume measured and tree body and the height of tree are brought into the parameter that obtains surface equation in the nonlinear fitting regression block among the SAS8.0, utilize MatLab7.0 that the data and the regression surface of observation station are plotted among Fig. 9 again, Fig. 9 is the graph of a relation of leaf cumulative volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree, * represents the leaf cumulative volume of the corresponding height of tree of factual survey, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground correspondence among Fig. 9, utilize the non-linear regression relation between the three to try to achieve this curved surface, the represented functional relation of this curved surface is: V 3(D, H)=0.00116 * D 2.3689h -0.6085
The 3rd, determine branch volume volume distributed median regression function in vertical direction:
The leaf volume that table 7 is measured differing heights correspondence volume distributed median value ψ v (x) and the product value that gets of corresponding height of tree h and relative height x/h accordingly in vertical direction, as following table:
x/h ψv(x)*h x/h ψv(x)*h
0.0865 0 1.0000 0.354554
0.1730 0.679839 0.0552 0
0.2595 1.288321 0.1103 0.228186
0.3460 1.45682 0.1655 0.754728
0.4325 1.066551 0.2206 1.097493
0.5190 0.889099 0.2758 0.990589
0.6055 1.777665 0.3309 0.717565
0.6920 1.666388 0.3861 0.722307
0.7785 2.555666 0.4413 1.033617
0.8651 2.456073 0.4964 1.3375
0.9516 1.763633 0.5516 1.053365
1.0000 0.699946 0.6067 1.228719
0.0626 0 0.6619 1.787793
0.1252 0.161559 0.7170 1.047824
0.1879 0.889241 0.7722 2.792779
0.2505 1.355179 0.8274 4.373659
0.3131 1.625547 0.8825 3.741116
0.3757 0.796319 0.9377 2.031092
0.4383 0.429135 0.9928 0.668762
0.5009 0.53202 1.0000 0.252906
0.5636 0.645613 0.8140 2.779355
0.6262 1.196518 0.8766 3.334177
0.6888 2.10732 0.9393 2.091378
0.7514 2.002085 0.4964 1.3375
Layering is measured leaf volume and relative height brings into and does nonlinear regression analysis in the non-linear regression module of MatLab7.0 software and obtain curve, observation station is plotted among curve Figure 10 again, Figure 10 is leaf volume distribution function figure in vertical direction, * represents the volume of the corresponding leaf of every layer height and the product of the corresponding height of tree among Figure 10, utilize non-linear regression relation between the two to try to achieve this curved surface, the represented funtcional relationship of this curve be for:
ψ V 3 ( z ) = 21.9 h × ( z / h ) 3.367 × ( 1 - z / h ) 0.8413 .
The 4th, as Fig. 4, utilize photographic process to obtain the vertical section photo in forest belt, be 1m according to height resolution (thickness of layering) then, width dimension resolution also is 1m, and the forest belt is broken into grid as Fig. 4, and falling the forest belt profile that grid just is defined as every layer by the profile in forest belt then has much.
The 1st tree: x 0=2.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5,2.5,1.5,0; Work as z=0～2,3～6,3～13,14～16,19 respectively;
l 2(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～2,3～16,19.
The 2nd tree: x 0=4.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～2,3～14,15;
l 2(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～2,3～14,15.
The 3rd tree: x 0=6.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5; When z=0～2,3～14;
l 2(z)=0,1.5; When z=0～2,3～14.
The 4th tree: x 0=8.5, l 1(z)=0,1.5,0; When z=0～1,2～15,16;
l 2(z)=0,1.5,2.5,3.5,2.5,0; Work as z=0～1,2～3,4～8,9～14,15,16 respectively.
The hat of Ye Yuzhi is basic identical, utilizes that forest belt vertical section and horizontal Noodles are oval determines every layer of internal lobe volume distribution function in the horizontal direction,
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500021
x 0Coordinate for trunk in the width dimension.
Embodiment 4: shelterbelt porosity is measured and is calculated
On June 15th, 2008 was investigated in shelter belt in farmland and measured to August 15, and at last by investigation and analysis to the shelter belt, this area, the equation that obtains the three-dimensional density in willow shelter belt, this area is as follows.
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500022
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500023
Specifically for a willow shelter belt in farmland by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree (table 8) and forest belt vertical section (Fig. 4), get spatial resolution grid cell Δ x * Δ y * Δ z=wide * length * height=1m * 1.5m * 1m, the three-dimensional density in its unit forest belt is as shown in table 9 below.
Table 8 forest belt vertical section basic parameter table
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500024
Table 9 forest belt vertical section three-dimensional matrice density
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000558151500025
Figure GSB00000505070100151

Claims (6)

1. the assay method of a porosity of shelter belt comprises the steps:
At first, the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree and forest belt vertical section profile in forest belt component volume, the forest belt are measured;
Then, according to the tree body volume of actual measurement and the relation of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree, set up the relation function of tree body volume and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree:
Figure FSB00000505070000011
V 3(D, h)=0.00116 * D 2.3689h -0.6085, V 1Represent dry volume, V 2Represent the branch volume, V 3Represent Ye Tiji, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of D representative tree, h represents the height of tree;
Secondly, utilize and set the distribution regression function that body volume is in vertical direction determined the vertical direction upper volume in the forest belt,
Figure FSB00000505070000014
Figure FSB00000505070000015
Z represents forest belt height dimension coordinate, ψ V1Represent dry volume distribution function in vertical direction, ψ V2Represent branch volume distribution function in vertical direction, ψ V3Represent Ye Tiji distribution function in vertical direction, and analogize every tree body volume distribution function in vertical direction by above-mentioned function;
Once more, utilize the forest belt vertical section to determine that the forest belt volume sets the horizontal distribution function of body volume in every layer,
Figure FSB00000505070000016
Figure FSB00000505070000017
x 0Coordinate for trunk in the width dimension;
Figure DEST_PATH_RE-RE-FSB00000558151400011
x 0Coordinate for trunk in the width dimension;
X represents forest belt width dimension coordinate,
Figure DEST_PATH_RE-RE-FSB00000558151400012
Respectively representative do, branch and leaf when height z and forest belt width x point, the crown canopy length of length dimension y direction accounts for the ratio of this tree at two semiellipses compositions of height z crown canopy profile class elliptical area area;
At last, do in the forest belt, the discrete value structure forest belt volume three-dimensional matrice distribution plan spatially of branch and the integration of leaf on a length and width and a Senior Three direction, determine that the space in the forest belt is exactly the density in shelter belt, the equation that obtains the three-dimensional density in shelter belt is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_RE-RE-FSB00000558151400014
I=1,2,3, respectively representative do, branch, leaf, Δ x, Δ y, Δ z are that the spatial resolution grid cell is in size wide, long, high direction; φ C(D, h, x, y z) represents that (z) height of tree is that h, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground are the three-dimensional density that D is ordered for x, y for point in the forest belt in the forest belt; Ψ Vi(z) the i component that is illustrated in height z layer is set the ratio that the body volume accounts for whole this component volume of tree, its integral
Figure DEST_PATH_RE-RE-FSB00000558151400015
The i component tree body volume that is illustrated in height z layer accounts for the volume ratio of whole this component volume of tree; Be illustrated in the ratio that height z length y direction accounts for whole woods hat class elliptical area, its integral
Figure DEST_PATH_RE-RE-FSB00000558151400017
The volume that is illustrated in this component of i component tree body volume in each space lattice of height z layer accounts for the ratio of this layer tree body volume.
2. the assay method of porosity of shelter belt according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the measurement of described forest belt component volume comprises the measurement of dried, branch and leaf volume.
3. the assay method of porosity of shelter belt according to claim 2 is characterized in that: describedly do, the measurement of branch and leaf volume comprises the measurement of layering cubing and whole tree volume.
4. according to the assay method of claim 2 or 3 described porosity of shelter belt, it is characterized in that: the measurement of described dry volume, at first utilize the size of space lattice on height dimension, and the upper and lower side diameter of measure doing, then the trunk of spatial resolution grid cell size is calculated its volume as the diameter of a circular cone frustum by two ends.
5. according to the assay method of claim 2 or 3 described porosity of shelter belt, it is characterized in that: the measurement of described branch volume, at first the big young pathbreaker's branch by branch is divided into different monoids, utilize then that the methods of sampling is measured the middle footpath of branch in the sample, branch is long and the diameter at branch two ends, the branch volume that the footpath branch is looked in calculating again and the recurrence scale-up factor of actual branch volume, at last the resulting volume of length and middle footpath by measuring branch in the whole monoid with return the volume that scale-up factor calculates each monoid branch.
6. according to the assay method of claim 2 or 3 described porosity of shelter belt, it is characterized in that: the measurement of described leaf volume is that to be used as a layering to every layer overall, therefrom sampling then, and utilize drainage to determine the volume of sampling leaf, recently calculate the volume of every layer of leaf again by the quality of sampling leaf and the overall leaf of layering.
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