CN101747605A - Complete biodegradation foam material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Complete biodegradation foam material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101747605A CN101747605A CN200810216972A CN200810216972A CN101747605A CN 101747605 A CN101747605 A CN 101747605A CN 200810216972 A CN200810216972 A CN 200810216972A CN 200810216972 A CN200810216972 A CN 200810216972A CN 101747605 A CN101747605 A CN 101747605A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a complete biodegradation foam material and a preparation method thereof; the complete biodegradation foam material mainly comprises polyhydroxy alkanoate, starch and foaming agent; the complete biodegradation foam material is characterized in that: the complete biodegradation foam material does not comprise polylactic acid, and 20-80 parts of the polyhydroxy alkanoate, 20-60 parts of starch and 0.5-5 parts of the foaming agent are included by weight. The foam material takes the starch and the polyhydroxy alkanoate as main raw materials, has good physical properties, can carry out complete biodegradation and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the foam material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the foam material field, more particularly, relate to a kind of complete biodegradation foam material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The petroleum-based energy that the consumption of conventional plastic industry is a large amount of and " white pollution " that bring have been subjected to increasing concern, since eighties of last century 60, the seventies, people have begun the research and development to biodegradable plastic, there has been multiple biodegradable material (Biodegradable material) to come out at present, after the biodegradable material biological degradation, become water and carbonic acid gas, can not produce harm environment.At present to biodegradable plastic research more concentrate on starch, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), PHA (PHAs) etc., but because cost is higher, technical elements neither be very ripe, is difficult to widespread use.China's environmental pollution is the most serious mainly shows non-returnable container material, film and medical and hygiene article, as mess-tin, industrial packaging with vibration-damping foamed materials such as foam materials and other household electrical appliances, instruments.
The foaming product that uses on the market mainly is PE foam material, PP foam material, PU foam material, PS foam material, EVA foam material, PVC foam material, PP/ starch foaming material etc. now, these foam materials all can not be degraded fully, and environmental pollution is serious.At present, to the research of degradable foam materials mainly aspect the blend foaming of starch, starch and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate valerate degradable polymers such as (PHBV), but because the fragility of these materials also is subjected to great restriction in application facet.The research of using novel PHAs degradation material to prepare foam material has only a small amount of report at present: the composition that contains polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer and poly(lactic acid) (publication number CN1923890A) that is used for foam material; this patent disclosure use poly-(3-butyric ester-co-4-butyric ester) (P3HB4HB); foam material is made in PLA and whipping agent blend; wherein also can add organic additive or other inorganic additivess such as starch; because the fragility of PLA causes the intensity of foaming product and fracture property not high; and therefore the filling ratio of starch is restricted; not very desirable on physicals and manufacturing cost, be difficult to accomplish scale production.And patent (publication number CN101245175A) a kind of Biodegradable foamed plastic and manufacture method thereof disclose the resin with PLA, polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, the foam material that W-Gum etc. are made for main raw material, though the filling ratio of this foam material starch increases to some extent, but because the fragility problem of PLA resin still exists, and because the heat resisting temperature of PLA resin is lower than 55 ℃, be not suitable under hot conditions, using, as the high temperature that produces when transporting will cause this foam material to damage, more can not be used in the mess-tin field, cause its Application Areas very limited, simultaneously, the degraded of PLA resin will be carried out under composting conditions, and usual people are more random to abandoning of foam material such as disposable lunch-box, thereby the degradation condition degraded of not satisfying the PLA resin is slow even be difficult to degraded, still can not solve the serious now white pollution problems that exists.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned technological deficiency, the invention discloses a kind of fully biodegradable, with low cost, foam material that physicals is good.
The invention also discloses the preparation method of above-mentioned complete biodegradation foam material.
Technical solution of the present invention is as described below: a kind of complete biodegradation foam material, contain PHA, starch and whipping agent, especially, do not comprise poly(lactic acid), by weight, described PHA is 20-80 part, starch is 20-60 part, and whipping agent is 0.5-5 part.
In order to increase foaming effect, also adding has foamed promoter, and described foamed promoter parts by weight are 0.1-3 part.
In order to improve the performance of above-mentioned foam material, also adding has auxiliary agent, and described auxiliary agent parts by weight are 3-35.5 part.Preferably, described auxiliary agent is respectively lubricant, thermo-stabilizer, nucleator and softening agent, and by weight, described lubricant is that 0.5-2.5 part, thermo-stabilizer are that 0.5-3 part, nucleator are that 1-10 part, softening agent are 1-20 part.
Further, described PHA is the mixture of poly butyric ester or polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer or polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer.Preferably, described polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer is P3HB4HB or PHBV or PHBH, and wherein the comonomer HH molar content of comonomer HV, the PHBH of comonomer 4HB, the PHBV of P3HB4HB is 1%-90%.More preferably, the comonomer HH molar content of comonomer HV, the PHBH of comonomer 4HB, the PHBV of described P3HB4HB is 5%-30%.
Wherein said PHBH is poly--3-butyric ester-common-3-hydroxycaproic ester, and described comonomer 4HB, HV, HH are meant 4 hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxypentanoic acid, 3-hydroxycaproic acid respectively.
Described whipping agent is the AC composite foamable agent, and described AC composite foamable agent is made up of AC whipping agent, DPT and active frothing aid.Wherein, described AC whipping agent is meant azodicarbonamide foaming agent, and DPT is meant N, N '-dinitroso five methyne tetramines.
Described foamed promoter is zinc oxide (ZnO), described lubricant is a stearic acid, calcium stearate, polyethylene wax (PE wax) or its mixture, described thermo-stabilizer can be four (β-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) pentaerythritol ester propionic acid), 2-tertiary butyl-6-(3-tertiary butyl-2-hydroxyl-5 methyl-benzyl)-4 aminomethyl phenyl acrylate, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) a kind of in the ester or mixture more than 2 kinds, described nucleator can be talcum powder, lime carbonate, titanium dioxide, silicon-dioxide, a kind of in the boron nitride or mixture more than 2 kinds, the order number is at the 800-5000 order, and described softening agent is a glycerine, sorbyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, a kind of or mixture more than 2 kinds in the polyoxyethylene glycol.
Described foamed promoter is preferably zinc oxide, zinc oxide is the desirable activator of AC whipping agent, it is little that the adding of zinc oxide can improve AC whipping agent pyrolysis temperature range, decompose sudden strong, technology is difficult to defectives such as control, reduce AC whipping agent blowing temperature, shorten the inductive phase of foaming, and can prevent the side effect that AC degradation production corrosion mould and screw rod incrustation form.
Described nucleator is selected from a kind of in talcum powder, lime carbonate, titanium dioxide, silicon-dioxide, the boron nitride or mixture more than 2 kinds, can significantly improve the degree of crystallinity of PHAs, accelerate crystallization rate, improve in the machine-shaping process goods phenomenon that is clamminess, the particle of nucleator generation becomes the abscess nuclear of foaming in addition, helps the evenly a large amount of growth diffusion of bubble.
Described softening agent is low molecular compounds such as glycerine, sorbyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene glycol, these softening agent can destroy the crystalline texture of starch, reduce the starch melt temperature, and combine in the hydrogen bond mode with starch, reduce the space between starch molecule, reduce water-absorbent.
Described starch is selected from corn, potato, tapioca (flour) or its mixture.
Described starch is corn esterification modified starch.
The preparation method of a kind of complete biodegradation foam material disclosed by the invention, its technical scheme is as described below: this preparation method comprises the steps that (1) carries out dehumidification treatments with starch; (2) other components such as PHA, whipping agent are carried out drying treatment; (3) all components of the corresponding weight of weighing; (4) all components is mixed; (5) material that mixes is plastified; (6) foaming.
Further, described step (1) be with the starch moisture content between 0-1%; Described step (2) is that other components such as PHA, whipping agent are dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, and drying temperature is 40 ℃-100 ℃, and be 2-12 hour time of drying; Described step (4) stirred 2-20 minute for all components being added the high-speed mixer high speed; Described step (5) adds fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder for the material that will mix, and finishes blend, 100 ℃-180 ℃ of blending temperatures; Described step (6) is can be by be foamed into the goods of different shape after specific assistant formation head (T type, square type, cylinder shape) various foaming products of moulding or the granulation of use twin screw extruder in heated die, and the mold heated temperature is 100 ℃-180 ℃.
In the present invention: (1) employing PHAs and starch are as the main raw material of foam material, do not select the PLA material for use, so just overcome, cause the limited defective of starch filled ratio because PLA fragility is big, improve the filling ratio of starch, thereby reduced production cost effectively; Simultaneously foam material vicat softening temperature of the present invention up to 100 ℃ about, good heat resistance has also overcome the defective of utilizing its poor heat resistance of foam material that the PLA material makes; (2) with PHAs and the starch main raw material as foam material, its degradation property is superior, rapidly complete biodegradable; (3), select for use starch as one of main raw material of foam material of the present invention, because the starch degradation speed ratio is very fast, crystallinity is big, the a large amount of cavities that stay behind the starch degradation have increased the exposure of PHAs surface-area, the Degradation that helps microorganism, accelerate the degradation speed of PHAs material,, reduced the cost of foam material of the present invention simultaneously owing to wide, the low price of starch source; (4) corn esterification modified starch reduces the wetting ability of conventional corn starch, has improved the consistency with polymkeric substance, has realized high filling content, thereby has greatly reduced the manufacturing cost of foam material of the present invention; (5), whipping agent is preferably the AC composite foamable agent, its decomposition temperature is at 120 ℃-140 ℃, though reduce decomposition temperature and common AC whipping agent can add other promoting agents, but its decomposition temperature is still more than 150 ℃, and the reaction between common AC whipping agent and the promoting agent is the reaction between the solid particulate, decompose not thoroughly, residual AC causes the yellowing of goods color, is unfavorable for product appearance.Select the AC composite foamable agent for use, its foaming mechanism helps improving common AC whipping agent defective, at first be that DPT and active frothing aid act on decomposition about 130 ℃, decompose the heat and the active frothing aid synergy that produce and cause that AC decomposes, therefore can be implemented in than low processing temperature and realize foaming down; (6), as main raw material, its physicals is good with fully biodegradable materials such as starch and PHAs for foam material of the present invention, Application Areas is wide, suitable a large amount of suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
To describe complete biodegradation foam material that the present invention relates to and preparation method thereof by specific embodiment in detail below.
Embodiment 1:
The foam material of present embodiment is prepared from by 60kg poly butyric ester, 40kg W-Gum and 3.5kgAC composite foamable agent.
The preparation method: with W-Gum dehumidification treatments in high-speed mixer, the W-Gum moisture content between 0-1%; Poly butyric ester, AC composite foamable agent is dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, and drying temperature is 80 ℃, and be 6 hours time of drying; The all components of the corresponding weight of weighing adds the high-speed mixer high speed and stirred 5 minutes; The material that mixes is added fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder, finish blend, 120 ℃ of blending temperatures; By specific assistant formation head such as the various foaming products of T type moulding.
Embodiment 2:
The weight of each component of foam material of present embodiment is respectively P3HB4HB (the 4HB molar content is 90%) 40kg, yam starch 60kg, AC whipping agent 1kg, foamed promoter ZnO are 0.5kg.
The preparation method: with yam starch dehumidification treatments in high-speed mixer, the yam starch moisture content is between 0-1%; P3HB4HB, AC whipping agent, foamed promoter ZnO is dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, and drying temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2 hours time of drying; The all components of the corresponding weight of weighing adds the high-speed mixer high speed and stirred 10 minutes; The material that mixes is added fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder, finish blend, 150 ℃ of blending temperatures; Be foamed into the goods of different shape after the granulation of use twin screw extruder in heated die, the mold heated temperature is 120 ℃.
Embodiment 3:
The weight of each component of foam material of present embodiment is respectively P3HB4HB (the 4HB molar content is 10%) 80kg, tapioca (flour) powder 20kg, AC composite foamable agent 1.5kg, ZnO 0.3kg, stearic acid 0.8kg, four (β-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol ester 0.5kg, talcum powder 5kg, glycerine 1kg.
The preparation method: with tapioca (flour) dehumidification treatments in high-speed mixer, the tapioca (flour) moisture content is between 0-1%; P3HB4HB, AC composite foamable agent, ZnO, stearic acid, four (β-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol ester, talcum powder, glycerine is dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, and drying temperature is 60 ℃, and be 9 hours time of drying; The all components of the corresponding weight of weighing adds the high-speed mixer high speed and stirred 10 minutes; The material that mixes is added fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder, finish blend, 170 ℃ of blending temperatures; By specific assistant formation head such as the various foaming products of square type moulding.
Embodiment 4:
The weight of each component of foam material of present embodiment is respectively PHBV (the HV molar content is 20%) 40kg, P3HB4HB (4HB content is 30%) 20kg, corn esterification modified starch 40kg, AC composite foamable agent 2kg, ZnO 0.3kg, stearic acid 0.8kg, PE wax 0.5kg, four (β-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol ester 0.5kg, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) ester 0.25kg, boron nitride 1.5kg, sorbyl alcohol 3kg.
The preparation method: with corn esterification modified starch dehumidification treatments in high-speed mixer, corn esterification modified starch moisture content is between 0-1%; With PHBV, P3HB4HB, AC composite foamable agent, ZnO, stearic acid, PE wax, four (β-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol ester, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) ester, boron nitride, sorbyl alcohol are dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, drying temperature is 40 ℃, and be 12 hours time of drying; The all components of the corresponding weight of weighing adds the high-speed mixer high speed and stirred 18 minutes; The material that mixes is added fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder, finish blend, 140 ℃ of blending temperatures; By specific assistant formation head such as the various foaming products of cylindrical type moulding.
Embodiment 5:
The weight of each component of foam material of present embodiment is respectively PHBH (HH content is 5%) 60kg, tapioca (flour), W-Gum 60kg, AC composite foamable agent 5kg, ZnO 1kg, stearic acid 1kg, PE wax 0.8kg, 2-tertiary butyl-6-(3-tertiary butyl-2-hydroxyl-5 methyl-benzyl)-4 aminomethyl phenyl acrylate 0.6kg, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) ester 0.3kg, boron nitride 1kg, lime carbonate 5kg, ethylene glycol 5kg altogether.
The preparation method: in the high-speed mixer dehumidification treatments, the starch moisture content is between 0-1% with tapioca (flour), W-Gum; With PHBH, AC composite foamable agent, ZnO, stearic acid, PE wax, 2-tertiary butyl-6-(3-tertiary butyl-2-hydroxyl-5 methyl-benzyl)-4 aminomethyl phenyl acrylate, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) ester, boron nitride, lime carbonate, ethylene glycol are dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, drying temperature is 55 ℃, and be 8.5 hours time of drying; The all components of the corresponding weight of weighing adds the high-speed mixer high speed and stirred 14 minutes; The material that mixes is added fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder, finish blend, 110 ℃ of blending temperatures; By specific assistant formation head such as the various foaming products of cylindrical type moulding.
Embodiment 6:
The weight of each component of foam material of present embodiment is respectively P3HB4HB (4HB content is 5%) 30kg, corn esterification modified starch 55kg, AC composite foamable agent 3kg, ZnO 0.5kg, stearic acid 1kg, PE wax 1kg, 2-tertiary butyl-6-(3-tertiary butyl-2-hydroxyl-5 methyl-benzyl)-4 aminomethyl phenyl acrylate 1.5kg, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) ester 0.8kg, boron nitride 1kg, talcum powder 8kg, polyoxyethylene glycol 15kg.
The preparation method: with corn esterification modified starch dehumidification treatments in high-speed mixer, corn esterification modified starch moisture content is between 0-1%; With P3HB4HB30kg, AC composite foamable agent, ZnO, PE wax, 2-tertiary butyl-6-(3-tertiary butyl-2-hydroxyl-5 methyl-benzyl)-4 aminomethyl phenyl acrylate, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) ester, boron nitride, talcum powder, polyoxyethylene glycol are dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, drying temperature is 70 ℃, and be 8 hours time of drying; The all components of the corresponding weight of weighing adds the high-speed mixer high speed and stirred 16 minutes; The material that mixes is added fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder, finish blend, 180 ℃ of blending temperatures; By specific assistant formation head such as the various foaming products of cylindrical type moulding.
Respectively to the biodegrade test in mud and seawater of the prepared foam material of embodiment 1-6, test-results shows, in half a year, and the equal complete biodegradable of all foam materials.
The equal color of above-mentioned foam material is white, micropore and distribution of cells are even.
Respectively the prepared foam material of embodiment 1-6 is carried out Performance Detection, detected result is as shown in table 1:
Table one
By above-mentioned test-results and detected result as can be seen, its fully biodegradable of all foam materials of embodiments of the invention, foaming effect is good and physicals is good, can widely apply mess-tin, industrial packaging with aspects such as foam materials, drug packaging and other household electrical appliances, expensive instrument packed and transported, just not enumerate one by one at this.
In sum, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and persons skilled in the art are in the disclosed technical scope of the present invention, and the variation that can expect easily is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a complete biodegradation foam material mainly comprises PHA, starch and whipping agent, it is characterized in that: do not comprise poly(lactic acid), by weight, described PHA is 20-80 part, and starch is 20-60 part, and whipping agent is 0.5-5 part.
2. complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also adding has foamed promoter, and described foamed promoter parts by weight are 0.1-3 part.
3. complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also adding has auxiliary agent, and described auxiliary agent parts by weight are 3-35.5 part.
4. complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary agent is respectively lubricant, thermo-stabilizer, nucleator and softening agent, and described lubricant parts by weight are that 0.5-2.5 part, thermo-stabilizer parts by weight are that 0.5-3 part, nucleator parts by weight are that 1-10 part, softening agent parts by weight are 1-20 part.
5. as any described complete biodegradation foam material of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described PHA is the mixture of poly butyric ester or polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer or polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer.
6. complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described polyhydroxy butyrate ester copolymer is P3HB4HB or PHBV or PHBH, and wherein the comonomer HH molar content of comonomer HV, the PHBH of comonomer 4HB, the PHBV of P3HB4HB is 1%-90%.
7. complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the comonomer HH molar content of comonomer HV, the PHBH of comonomer 4HB, the PHBV of described P3HB4HB is 5%-30%.
8. as any described complete biodegradation foam material of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described whipping agent is the AC composite foamable agent, and described AC composite foamable agent is made up of AC whipping agent, DPT and active frothing aid.
9. as any described complete biodegradation foam material of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described foamed promoter is a zinc oxide, described lubricant is a stearic acid, calcium stearate, a kind of or mixture more than 2 kinds in the PE wax, described thermo-stabilizer is four (β-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) pentaerythritol ester propionic acid), 2-tertiary butyl-6-(3-tertiary butyl-2-hydroxyl-5 methyl-benzyl)-4 aminomethyl phenyl acrylate, tricresyl phosphite (2, the 4-di-t-butylbenzene) a kind of in the ester or mixture more than 2 kinds, described nucleator is a talcum powder, lime carbonate, titanium dioxide, silicon-dioxide, a kind of in the boron nitride or mixture more than 2 kinds, the order number is at the 800-5000 order, and described softening agent is a glycerine, sorbyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, a kind of or mixture more than 2 kinds in the polyoxyethylene glycol.
10. as any described complete biodegradation foam material of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described starch is selected from corn, potato, tapioca (flour) or its mixture.
11. complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that: described starch is corn esterification modified starch.
12. the preparation method as any described complete biodegradation foam material of claim 1-4 comprises the steps: that (1) carry out dehumidification treatments with starch; (2) other components are carried out drying treatment; (3) all components of the corresponding weight of weighing; (4) all components is mixed; (5) material that mixes is plastified; (6) foaming.
13. the preparation method of complete biodegradation foam material as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that: the starch moisture content is between 0-1% in the described step (1); Described step (2) is that other components are dry in electric drying oven with forced convection, and drying temperature is 40 ℃-100 ℃, and be 2-12 hour time of drying; Described step (4) stirred 2-20 minute for all components being added the high-speed mixer high speed; Described step (5) adds fusion plastification in the twin screw extruder for the material that will mix, and finishes blend, and blending temperature is 100 ℃-180 ℃; Described step (6) is can be by be foamed into the foaming product of different shape after specific various foaming products of assistant formation head moulding or the granulation of use twin screw extruder in heated die, and the mold heated temperature is 100 ℃-180 ℃.
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