CN101742544B - Energy-saving MAC and routing cross-layer method for linear monitoring network - Google Patents
Energy-saving MAC and routing cross-layer method for linear monitoring network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy-saving MAC and routing cross-layer method for a linear monitoring network. The method comprises that: all nodes are configured with a logic ID in advance according to the physical positions; the communication is initiated by an end node, the MAC protocol is realized based on a sleep wakeup mechanism, the wakeup method is group wakeup, the wakened nodes automatically judge whether to sleep or continuously monitor according to the ID in the received data and the directional information, and a routing layer automatically selects the next hop according to the last hop node information in the MAC layer data when the node selects the next hop node; the neighbor node can jump the hop to respond when the called node has no response; and the current node fuses all the past node data and transmits the data to the next stage so as to reduce the transmission of useless information and improve the efficiency of energy consumption. The method can be widely applied to the places of pipeline survey, road survey, fuel gas wireless network acquisition systems and the like, and has the advantages of saving the energy of the survey node, prolonging the life cycle of the node and effectively improving the work efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the energy-saving MAC (Media Access Control) and the routing cross-layer method of linear monitoring network, utilize this method, not only guarantee the robustness and the reliability of transmission, and realize the low energy consumption of node, long-life.Be particularly useful for physics linear monitoring network and battery and be difficult for changing occasion.
Background technology
Each layer of low-speed wireless networking field all has a large amount of methods at present, comprises that MAC realizes as typical 802.15.4, SMAC, TMAC etc., route implementing such as AODV, DD, LEACH etc.Yet be directed against the linear monitoring network occasion, simply adopt two-layer combination can not reach energy consumption and the optimum characteristics of reliability, especially limited to node energy, the difficult occasion of changing battery possibly cause node early extremely to cause the consequence of whole network paralysis.
In addition, the Zigbee agreement of the wireless networking of utilization comparative maturity is gone up in industry now, and it mainly is adapted to hub-and-spoke configuration; Node around its coordinator node comes synchronously through superframe structure is realized communication, in the wire occasion, can't use a center to come all nodes synchronously; Thereby directly can not reach desirable effect with ripe Zigbee agreement, in sum, we think and are using increasingly now; Wire occasion such as pipeline are monitored, the road monitoring, and the combustion gas networking is checked meter; This proposes a kind of pointed, the method that adaptability is good.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of low power consuming is provided, the energy-saving MAC that is used for linear monitoring network and the routing cross-layer method of high reliability specially to real-life wire network occasion, are realized monitoring.This method can realize, periodically all nodes of network monitor is carried out data acquisition and reaches aggregation node, if the phenomenon that occurrence node is damaged in the network then realizes the stalwartness transmission of network through the method for striding jumping.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of energy-saving MAC and routing cross-layer method that is used for linear monitoring network.It is characterized in that, to all nodes in advance according to physical location, configuration logic ID; Communication is initiated by end node; The MAC agreement realizes based on sleep awakening mechanism; And awakening method is called out for the crowd; Had according to receiving that ID in the data judges whether sleep automatically with directional information or continues to intercept by the node that waken up, during hop node, the route layer is selected next jumping according to a last hop node information in the MAC layer data to node automatically under selection; Neighbor node can be striden to jump and reply when being exhaled node not have the answer situation; All node datas and to the next stage transmission before present node merges send garbage thereby reduce, and improve energy consumption efficiency.
Technique scheme adopts following concrete steps to realize:
(1) at first we carry out the logic ID numbering according to the position of node to it, and the ID coding rule is to add one by order hop-by-hop about physical location, thereby node can be judged neighbor node nearest on its both direction.The both direction that we compile the data of linear network is divided into forward and compiles and oppositely compile, and is carrying out data when compiling, and the data that every hop node sends do not comprise routing iinformation, compiles by distal-most end (a left side or low order end) node and initiates to compile.All nodes all adopt the mode of sleep awakening at ordinary times, adopt between node and communicate by letter through the asynchronous mode of waking up.
(2) converge by end node initiation in the linear network; Converge the originating end node and send sufficiently long wake-up sequence earlier, length needs the sleep listening periods greater than node, treats that the wake-up sequence transmission finishes; Send a frame handshake frames, be in the state of intercepting then and wait for replying of destination node.
(3) judged according to the ID that initiates node by the node that waken up,, then keep intercepting the handshake frames of initiating node until receiving, thereby set up and being connected of initiation node, carry out transfer of data if its destination node is promptly initiated a hop neighbor node of node.Other all quilts are waken up node and are then kept the state of intercepting always.
(4) if though by to be waken up node be not this jumpings destination node, but next jumps destination node, and after receiving the wake-up signal of sending node, does not listen to the answer of this jumpings destination node, then initiatively replys, and connects with sending node, accomplishes to stride layer to transmit.
(5) after the relay transmission of the destination node of skip before jumping figure certificate on accomplishing, become the initiation node of next jumping, as current hop node, this node merges all data in front, generates new packet.During the startup transmission, current hop node is sent out a frame probe frame earlier, if reply, then directly connects, fail it is said that carry out next jumping figure, otherwise, send wake-up sequence according to initiating the node same procedure, carry out the next stage aggregate transmission.
(6) waken up node according to the MAC data that receive, id information in the wake-up sequence and directional information judgement s own situation are judged oneself whether destination node; When being destination node; The wake-up sequence transmission of waiting for sending node finishes, and postbacks acknowledgement frame, connects and communicates by letter with the calling node.If not destination node, but, still keep intercepting from the convergence direction.
(7) if though by to be waken up node be not this jumpings destination node, but next jumps destination node, and after receiving the wake-up signal of sending node, does not listen to the answer of this jumpings destination node, then initiatively replys, and connects with sending node, accomplishes to stride layer to transmit.
(8) got back to for (5) step, and repeating step (5)-(8), converge completion until the wire data link.Transfer of data to other end aggregation node.
According to above technical scheme performing step, we have carried out the software realization on concrete radio node, and the hardware node of employing is MSP430F123 low-power scm and the TI radio frequency CC1100 chip of TI; Through our software scenario, node has ID and the configurable characteristics of nodal function, according to the network implementation characteristics; Node is divided into the initiation node; Relaying is what time, aggregation node, and we dispose through software.Thereby realize initiating node and regularly produce data,, import data into aggregation node at last through the relay and the fusion of via node.
The present invention compared with prior art; Have following conspicuous outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage: this method is specially to real-life wire network occasion; Realize monitoring; Periodically all nodes of network monitor are carried out data acquisition and reach aggregation node, if occurrence node is damaged phenomenon in the network, then through striding the stalwartness transmission of jumping method realization network.This method can be used for occasions such as pipe detection, road monitoring, gas wireless network collection system, has to practice thrift the monitoring node energy, prolongs the node lifetime, advantage such as increase work efficiency.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 linear monitoring network workflow diagram
Accompanying drawing 2 network monitor application sketch mapes
Accompanying drawing 3 is based on wireless awakening MAC agreement sketch map
The scheme sketch map that accompanying drawing 4 wakes up based on colony
The hop-by-hop transmission route scheme sketch map of accompanying drawing 5 logic-based ID
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention combines detailed description of the drawings following:
Embodiment one: originally be used for energy-saving MAC and route in linear monitoring network, at first need be to all nodes in advance according to physical location, and configuration logic ID; Communication is initiated by end node; The MAC agreement realizes based on sleep awakening mechanism; And awakening method is called out for the crowd; Had according to receiving that ID in the data judges whether sleep automatically with directional information or continues to intercept by the node that waken up, during hop node, the route layer is selected next jumping according to a last hop node information in the MAC layer data to node automatically under selection; Neighbor node can be striden to jump and reply when being exhaled node not have the answer situation; All node datas and to the next stage transmission before present node merges send garbage thereby reduce.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is identical with embodiment two, and special feature is that the concrete operations step is following:
1) at first, according to its logic ID of physical location configuration of node in the network, and in communication, use logic ID to identify, according to the position in the linear network, its logic ID increases progressively successively.The node that is in the network least significant end also is that the ID minimum node is taken on the effect of initiating node simultaneously on logic function; Initiation data acquisition signal regularly; Be in the middle node of network and when the performance data acquisition function, serve as the routing node function simultaneously; The data of all collections are through converge in the wire network one by one; Reach another end (ID maximum) aggregation node place, promptly this endpoint node serves as data acquisition simultaneously and compiles all node data functions, also via it with transfer of data to the backstage PC.During netinit, the configuration order frame of configuration node ID is following:
| Lead code | Tagged word | Data field length | Command code | The address area | The data field | CRC check |
| 4bytes | 2bytes | 1byte | 1byte | 6bytes | Elongated | 2bytes |
| 1010……1010 | D3H+91H+ | CRC16 |
Because, thereby in order to make network make transmission reliable, adopting logic ID the ID in the network number by the automatic route of physical location, it is ID number of distributing according to the physical location in the physics, like Fig. 4.On the other hand, the physical sensing node serves as in our network role is different, can be divided into and wake the initiation node up, and via node compiles node, so we need at first carry out aforesaid configuration to the node in the network, and the configuration frame format is as above schemed.Wherein the command code different identification identifies different logic functions (wake the initiation node up, via node compiles node).The address area is actual ID number of physical node, and the data field then is the logic ID that needs this node configuration is become number.
2) lay node in linear monitoring network, periodically monitor.When being timed to; Initiate data acquisition command by endpoint node in the net; It wakes frame sequence up and wakes receiving node up through repeating continuously to send, and waking frame sequence length up must be greater than a sleep listening periods of receiving node, and wake-up sequence is sent and finished; The Frame of redispatching gets into the wait acknowledge state then.Wherein use to wake frame, command frame and transfer of data frame definition up following.It is following to wake frame format up:
| Lead code | Tagged word | Command code | The data field |
| 4bytes | 2bytes | 1byte | 2bytes |
| 1010……1010 | D3H+91H+ | The meshed network code of two program |
Adopt the continuous method of waking frame up of sending to wake destination node up owing to initiate to wake up end, as shown in Figure 2, it realizes that the communication basic principle is that transmitting terminal sends the wake-up sequence time T
WAKELong enough is (greater than the sleep listening periods T of receiving terminal
CYCLE), the time of intercept T after receiving terminal is waken up at every turn simultaneously
RXMust be greater than the interval T of sending wake-up sequence
INTERVALThereby, the wake-up sequence that can receive a transmitting terminal at least of assurance receiving terminal. be in sleep at node and intercept under the state, its sleep listening periods T
WAKEThe time T of waking up at every turn and intercepting
RXDetermined the unit interval energy consumption.In order to guarantee to be waken up T
RXLength must be greater than the interval T of sending wake-up sequence
INTERVAL, therefore when design, should reduce T as far as possible
INTERVALLength, as above figure at our frame that wakes up, has considered to simplify frame structure, adopts the pattern of wireless chip fixed length on the one hand, saves the length mark of a byte, thereby has removed the CRC check of two bytes on the other hand, thereby effectively reduce T
INTERVAL, these are simplified does not influence actual wake-up effect yet.
The network data transmission frame format is following:
| Lead code | Tagged word | Data field length | Command code | The address area | The data field | End mark | CRC check |
| 4bytes | 2bytes | 1byte | 1byte | 4bytes | Elongated | ?1byte | 2bytes |
| 1010……1010 | D3H+91H+ | CRC16 |
Wherein the data field is:
| |
Node data | Node |
Node data | Node |
Node data | ... |
| 2 bytes | 5 |
2 bytes | 5 |
2 bytes | 5 bytes | ... |
The wire that is applied as that we are main is monitored occasion, and these occasions often data have identical attribute, in the process of network data transmission; We consider in the hop-by-hop transmission, to carry out data fusion; As above scheme, it has significantly reduced aerial data volume, obviously reduces energy consumption.On the other hand; In the design of network data transmission frame, the address area is that current two byte logic ID are jumped logic ID with next, not the routing iinformation of Network Transmission; After following hop node is received; Confirm next jumping ID according to transmission direction step by step and own logic ID, not only reduced data amount transmitted, and improved reliability greatly.On the other hand, excessive when a frame data amount, during transmission, the probability that is prone to make a mistake increases, and therefore, according to the chip characteristics, during our network data transmission, every bag maximum is no more than 50bytes, and during as if certain node of arrival, data volume is excessive, then adopts the subpackage transmission.
3) after the communication range interior nodes is waken up by wake-up sequence, all keep intercepting, send until the node wake-up sequence and finish, judge according to the information in the sequence, if destination node then postbacks to reply and connects, accomplish first jumping figure according to converging.As shown in Figure 3, after being waken up and receiving data, No. 2 nodes of nearest neighbours postback an answer signal, connect with initiating node, communicate, thereby it is said that accomplish first jumping figure and send.Other are by the node that waken up, are promptly initiated also maintenance to be intercepted after node wakes up by node like No. 3 nodes among Fig. 3.
Its type of replying frame format is following:
| Lead code | Tagged word | Data field length | Command code | The address area | CRC check |
| 4bytes | 2bytes | 1byte | 1byte | 4bytes | 2bytes |
| 1010……1010 | D3H+91H+ | CRC16 |
The design of type of replying command frame is simpler relatively, as long as realize reliably answer signal being passed to destination node, its design is figure as above.
4) current hop node merges all data of front, and it is defeated to carry out next jump set, shown in the network data frame format, when data volume is excessive, adopts the mechanism that is divided into many bags; During transmission, present node is sent out a frame probe frame earlier, if reply, then connects, and carries out the next stage transmission, otherwise, send wake-up sequence according to initiating the node same procedure, carry out the next stage aggregate transmission.As shown in Figure 3, at No. 2 nodes during to No. 3 nodes transmission data, No. 2 nodes will at first send a probe frame promptly scheme in the RTS frame come the test purpose node whether to be waken up, if waken up, then connect, transmit data.But will do not sent continuously and wake frame up to wake No. 3 nodes of purpose up if wake then up it for No. 2 as yet, its step same node transmits to No. two nodes.Cut apart many machines contracting system promptly, promptly sending node sends many bag data continuously after receiving the replying of destination node, and when taking the subpackage transmission, it is current for which wraps data that every bag data will be stamped sign.At this moment, confiscate, receive end and will take exception response if certain bag data is caused receiving end node by interference.Detail operations does, transmit leg will wrap the data number consecutively more and send, and destination node is according to the sequence number of packet receiving; Judge whether to receive all packets; If lack bag owing to disturb in the middle of causing, then this node will send a frame exception response and in the data field, show unreceived Bale No., after sending node receives that this replys; Resend this bag, thereby realize effectively fault-tolerant.
5) after the communication range interior nodes is waken up by wake-up sequence, judge s own situation through id information in the wake-up sequence and directional information, judge whether it is the node in the transmission direction, be then to keep intercepting wait, otherwise sleep.Keep intercepting when listening to No. 1 node like No. 3 nodes among Fig. 3, because its judges that it is the node in the transmission direction to No. 2 transmissions.Ruo Dangdi n node wakes up and during data, oneself is not the node in the transmission direction if n-1 wakes up judging, thereby gets into sleep immediately sending to the n+1 node.
6) judge ownly to after the receiving node of destination node receives, if receive that waking frame up then intercepts to the wake-up sequence end, and receiving data frames, the answer acknowledgement frame if the RTS frame then postbacks acknowledgement frame immediately, thereby connects, carries out transfer of data.7) interception node of non-destination node if received the wake-up signal of neighbours' double bounce, but is not received and is replied, and then initiatively replys the double bounce to neighbours, connects, and accomplishes data relay transmission.In transmitting step by step, every jumping via node in the middle of the transmission of data need rely on, when arriving certain via node as if transfer of data, next jumps relaying damage, and can not receive wake-up signal, does not take measures to accomplish data and compiles.Therefore in this case, we take mainly to take to stride the communication mode solution of jumping.In Fig. 5, if after the n-2 node initiates once to wake up next jumping n-1 node, do not have answer if next jumps n-1 node; Judge that then this time jump the n-1 node and damage, at this moment, listen to n-1 number wake-up signal for n number if stride the hop neighbor node; But do not receive the answer of n-1 node, it assert that the n-1 node damages, and will initiatively reply the n-2 node; Connect, pass to guarantee that data are continuous step by step.
8) repeating step 4)～7), the convergence transmission of whole wire network accomplished.
Claims (1)
1. an energy-saving MAC and routing cross-layer method that is used for linear monitoring network is characterized in that to all nodes in advance according to physical location configuration logic ID; Communication is initiated by end node; The MAC agreement realizes based on sleep awakening mechanism; And awakening method is called out for the crowd; According to receiving that ID in the data judges whether sleep automatically with directional information or continues to intercept, during hop node, the route layer is selected next jumping according to a last hop node information in the MAC layer data to node automatically under selection by the node that waken up; Neighbor node can be striden to jump and reply when being exhaled node not have the answer situation; All node datas and to the next stage transmission before present node merges send garbage thereby reduce, and improve energy consumption efficiency; The concrete steps that realize are:
1) at first, according to its logic ID of physical location configuration of node in the network, and in communication, use logic ID to identify, according to the position in the linear network, its logic ID increases progressively successively;
2) converge by end node initiation in the linear network, initiate node and repeat to send wake-up sequence continuously, wake-up sequence length is greater than a sleep listening periods of receiving node, and wake-up sequence is sent and finished, and then sends a handshake frames;
3) after the communication range interior nodes is waken up by wake-up sequence, all keep intercepting, send until the node wake-up sequence and finish, judge according to the information in the sequence, if destination node then postbacks to reply and connects, accomplish first jumping figure according to converging;
4) current hop node merges all data of front, and it is defeated to carry out next jump set, when data volume is excessive, adopts the mechanism that is divided into many bags; During transmission, present node is sent out a frame probe frame earlier, if reply, then connects, and carries out the next stage transmission, otherwise, send wake-up sequence according to initiating the node same procedure, carry out the next stage aggregate transmission;
5) after the communication range interior nodes is waken up by wake-up sequence, judge s own situation through id information in the wake-up sequence and directional information, judge whether it is the node in the transmission direction, be then to keep intercepting wait, otherwise sleep;
6) judge and ownly to intercept to the wake-up sequence end for after the receiving node of destination node receives, the answer acknowledgement frame, thus connect, carry out transfer of data;
7) interception node of non-destination node if received the wake-up signal of neighbours' double bounce, but is not received and is replied, and then initiatively replys the double bounce to neighbours, connects, and accomplishes data relay transmission;
8) repeating step 4)～7), the convergence transmission of whole wire network accomplished.
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