CN101741074A - Ship electricity fault current restrictor - Google Patents
Ship electricity fault current restrictor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101741074A CN101741074A CN200810177034A CN200810177034A CN101741074A CN 101741074 A CN101741074 A CN 101741074A CN 200810177034 A CN200810177034 A CN 200810177034A CN 200810177034 A CN200810177034 A CN 200810177034A CN 101741074 A CN101741074 A CN 101741074A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ship electricity fault current restrictor comprising a ship electricity system and a fault current restrictor. The ship electricity system comprises a power supply end and a load which are electrically connected with each other; and the fault current restrictor is a judging-type impedance device which is electrically connected with a patch from the power supply end to the load and can judge the fault current. A low-impedance state is presented if no fault current occurs and a high-impedance state is presented if the fault current is detected so as to restrict the fault current to pass through.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of ship electricity fault current restrictor, refer to a kind of device that is used to limit the Ship Electrical Power System short-circuit current especially.
Background technology
Because the ocean is for the importance of China's industry with economic development, in the development of ocean, shipping industry occupies critical role.For boats and ships, its electric power system is a considerable ring.Some is different for Ship Electrical Power System and electric power system on the bank, and its reliability and stability requirement are more harsh.The stability of ship navigation its electric power system at sea is very important, such as various pumps, compressor, air blast, centrifuge and the household electricity etc. between all navigation instrument, communication equipment, plant equipment, cabin all need to go running operation by electric power on the ship, if generator or other power equipments break down, partly have a power failure or the full cut-off electricity and cause, often start living serious consequence.
Boats and ships are towards automation development now, and making has more and more many electric equipments to be installed on the ship, and causes boats and ships Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) capacity to increase gradually, and short-circuit current also day by day increases, and forces the design of electrical protection apparatus to be faced with new challenges.
And Ship Electrical Power System mostly is can effectively interdict fault current by suitable design disconnect equipment at present, to reach the purpose of protection power equipment.But as previously mentioned, the Ship Electrical Power System short-circuit current increases day by day now, and existing ship can not be suitable fully with compliant fuser, also can't effectively protect whole system, or the switchgear volume weight of selecting for use is excessive, or causes that cost is too high.
Summary of the invention
Because the problem that prior art exists; the present invention is a kind of ship electricity fault current restrictor; main purpose is to be arranged at power source supply end in the ship electric system to the path between load by fault current limiter; break under the situation of electric current surpassing the specified specified short circuit of standing electric current in short-term or surpassing circuit breaker of equipment; permission equipment remains in operation and system protection, more can reduce the loss of virtual work.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, technological means provided by the present invention is a kind of ship electricity fault current restrictor, comprising:
One ship electric system: described ship electric system comprises a power source supply end, a load, and described power source supply end and described load are electric connection;
One fault current limiter: described fault current limiter comprises a discriminant impedance means, and described discriminant impedance means is electrically connected at described power source supply end to the path between described load; Described discriminant impedance means can be differentiated fault current, if the fault-free electric current then is low impedance state; If detect fault current, then be high impedance status, fault current limiting passes through; When not breaking down at ordinary times, is to present low impedance state by described fault current limiter, can reduce the loss of virtual work.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a discriminant impedance means schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the first embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the second embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 (a) is the 3rd embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 (b) is the circuit diagram that improves of the 3rd embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the 4th embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the 5th embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the 6th embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 (a) is the 7th embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 (b) is the 7th embodiment illustrative view.
Description of reference numerals: 1-ship electric system; The 11-power source supply end; The 12-load; The 2-fault current limiter; 21-discriminant impedance means; The 22-trigger element; The 23-current limiting unit; 22a-sealed ceramic pipe; The 23a-conductor belt; The dried quartz sand of 22a 1-; The 22b-high-speed switch; The 22b1-energy storage device; The 22b2-pulse transformer; 22b3-explosion frame; The 23b-fuse; The non-linear bypass resistance of 22c-; The 23c1-linear reactor; The 23c2-capacitor; The 22d1-first siding ring; The 22d2-superconducting coil; The 23d-iron core; The 22e-ovonic switch; 22e1-surge absorber (ZnO rheostat); 23e-electric current restriction impedance (reactor); 21a-PTC resistance; The 21a1-varistor resistance of variation in voltage (promptly with); 22g-detecting short circuit current unit; 23g1-mechanical type contact; The 23g2-commutation path that commutates; 23g 3-load switch; The 23g4-restrictive flow; The electronic escape of 23g 5-mechanism.
Embodiment
Below,, your audit crew understands in order to do being had further for the present invention by graphic explanation content of the present invention, characteristic and embodiment.
See also shown in Figure 1ly, be preferred embodiment of the present invention,, comprising about a kind of ship electricity fault current restrictor:
One ship electric system 1, described ship electric system 1 comprise a power source supply end 11, a load 12, and described power source supply end 11 is electric connection with described load 12;
One fault current limiter 2, described fault current limiter 2 is a discriminant impedance means 21, described discriminant impedance means 21 is a superconductor, be series at the path of described power source supply end 11 to described load 12, when described ship electric system 1 normal operation, then be low impedance state, to avoid the loss of Joule heat power; But when fault takes place and produces huge fault current, can change high impedance status fast into, to suppress the increase rapidly of electric current in the described ship electric system 1, to reach the function of described ship electric system 1 equipment of protection.
Generally speaking, the electrical characteristic of described superconductor when normal current and higher current density is during in subcritical temperature and critical current density, its resistance is zero and works as above critical temperature or critical current density that the resistance of described material can increase simultaneously apace.Because described superconductor itself has superconducting state (resistance approximates zero) and the big state of non-superconducting attitude (resistance approximates common metal) two species diversity, therefore can control flows through the electric current of described superconductor, just can limit fault current in a flash and reach above critical current, and with its inhibition.
See also shown in Figure 2, described discriminant impedance means 21 can be made as a trigger element 22, a current limiting unit 23, described current limiting unit 23 is electric connection with described trigger element 22, described trigger element 22 can be for the detecting fault current, and fault-signal transferred to described current limiting unit 23, make the described current limiting unit 23 can be at the utmost point in the short time in the offering circuit, fault current limiting initial spike and electric current climbing speed reduce fault current by this.
See also shown in Figure 3, be first embodiment of the invention, described trigger element 22 is a sealed ceramic pipe 22a, described current limiting unit 23 is the conductor belt 23a that is located in the described sealed ceramic pipe 22a, fill dried quartz sand 22a1 in the tube wall of described sealed ceramic pipe 22a, and described conductor belt 23a is that shape is arranged in the shape of a spiral; Described conductor belt 23a is that design has narrower cross section in many points, guaranteeing that each point can fuse simultaneously in fault current or overcurrent accident, and produces enough high arc voltages, and the peak value fault current of expection is limited in less value.
See also shown in Figure 4ly, be second embodiment of the invention, described trigger element 22 is a high-speed switch 22b, described current limiting unit 23 is a fuse 23b, can carry higher rated current, but ability of fault current without limits itself, described high-speed switch 22b is in parallel with described fuse 23b; Described high-speed switch 22b comprises an energy storage device 22b1, an one pulse transformer 22b2 and an explosion frame 22b3, described pulse transformer 22b2 is connected an electric energy circuit with described energy storage device 22b1, and be connected an electric energy circuit between described explosion frame 22b3 and the described energy storage device 22b1, use making described pulse transformer 22b2 can provide supply of electrical energy to give described energy storage device 22b1, and provide electric energy to open described explosion frame 22b3 by described energy storage device 22b1.After described explosion frame 22b3 opens, the electric current described fuse 23b that can in 0.5ms, continue to flow through, and when next point of zero voltage, interdict described electric current.
See also Fig. 5 (a) with shown in Fig. 5 (b), be third embodiment of the invention, described trigger element 22 is a non-linear bypass resistance 22c, and described current limiting unit 23 is the linear reactor 23c1 capacitor 23c2 that connects, and described trigger element 22 is in parallel with described current limiting unit 23; Because of the voltage drop that described linear reactor 23c1 is produced, be to eliminate by described series capacitors 23c2, and described capacitor 23c2 parallel connection the non-linear bypass resistance 22c that under the normal load situation, can not move.When fault took place, the function of described non-linear bypass resistance 22c was the situation that stops resonance series, and makes described current limiting unit 23 be able to fault current limiting, and after fault is got rid of, can reply the normal condition running.
In order to guarantee that described fault current limiter 2 meets the requirement that transient state reaction at that time takes place fault, just add and improve circuit, the described circuit that improves can't influence original basic circuit action, but can guarantee that reaction speed is enough fast, and can avoid combining the unstable situation of the caused subharmonic resonance in back with series capacitor 23c2.
See also shown in Figure 6, be fourth embodiment of the invention, a first siding ring 22d1 that described trigger element 22 is a transformer and a superconducting coil 22d2, described current limiting unit 23 is a 23d unshakable in one's determination, described 23d unshakable in one's determination is located between a described first siding ring 22d1 and a superconducting coil 22d2.Owing to can produce the inductive couplings phenomenon between circuit and superconductor; so during running well; the magnetic that described first siding ring 22d1 produces is moving to be the electric current payment of being gone up induction by superconducting coil 22d2; at this moment; the impedance of described fault current limiter 2 is very low, but during fault state, this poised state is destroyed; be that superconductor no longer can cover 23d unshakable in one's determination, as in protected circuit, inserting a high impedance.
See also shown in Figure 7, be fifth embodiment of the invention, described trigger element 22 is a two-way semiconductor switch 22e, and described current limiting unit 23 is electric current restriction impedance (reactor) 23e, and described ovonic switch 22e is in parallel with described electric current restriction impedance (reactor) 23e.Described ovonic switch 22e comprises that two are installed a surge absorber in parallel again (ZnO rheostat) 22e1 as GTOs electronic power switches such as (Gate Turn-off Thyristors) with reverse parallel connection.Switch the overvoltage that causes in order to improve described ovonic switch 22e, add just that a restriction is connected across the initial climbing of transient voltage between described ovonic switch 22e circuit and the transient state of size is improved circuit.When detecting fault, described ovonic switch 22e can transfer open-circuit condition to from the normally state, and this moment, fault current turned to electric current restriction impedance (reactor) 23e that flows into fault current limiting.Because described fault current limiter 2 is by can before fault current reaches peak value the semiconductor element of fault current blocking being formed, therefore most use is the solid-state element of commutation automatically, as rectification thyristor (Gate Commutated Thyristors, GCTs), turn-off thyristor (GTOs) or insulation lock bipolar transistor (Insulated Bipolar Transistors, IGBTs) etc., also can use thyristor and commutation circuit in principle, wherein the running time of rectification thyristor is very short, usually as long as several microseconds are fit to be applied to Ship Electrical Power System very much.
See also shown in Figure 8ly, be sixth embodiment of the invention, described discriminant impedance means 21 is a PTC resistance 21a, the described PTC resistance 21a load switch of connecting.Described PTC resistance 21a has only very significantly positive temperature coefficient effect, and key property is that low resistive is arranged when low temperature, is high resistance during high temperature.If fault takes place, fault current can heat described PTC resistance 21a, from the conducting state of cooling to the insulation condition of high temperature, because of very high at its resistive of the condition of high temperature, electric current can be limited earlier, be suppressed to zero again, and described PTC resistance 21a the return voltage regular hour can be stood.If described fault current limiter 2 is will be applied to the boats and ships medium voltage network as fault current limiter 2 time, then must connect PTC resistance 21a and plural the varistor in parallel resistance of variation in voltage (promptly with) 21a1 of plural number controls across these ohmically voltage with convenient.
See also Fig. 9 (a) with shown in Fig. 9 (b), be seventh embodiment of the invention, described trigger element 22 is a detecting short circuit current unit 22g, described current limiting unit 23 comprises a mechanical type contact 23g1, a commutation commutation path 23g2, a load switch 23g3 and a restrictive flow 23g4, is to be in parallel between the member of described current limiting unit 23; Described detecting short circuit current unit 22g, can be for the size of standby current, if there is fault that described mechanical type contact 23g1 takes place then to trigger, and by described mechanical type contact 23g1 will be still at the current switching that rises to described commutation commutation path 23g2, by an electronic escape 23g5 of mechanism described load switch 23g3 is opened again, short circuit current is entered among the described restrictive flow 23g4, reach the effect that suppresses fault current.
Described commutation commutation path 23g2 by the action of using as isolating switch very fast switch series connection semiconductor element (matrix lock change transistor, diode and surge absorber) formed, provide one period time of delay by described commutation commutation path 23g2, to allow described mechanical type contact 23g1 be returned under the endurable voltage, open described load switch 23g3 by the described electronic escape 23g5 of mechanism in a hundreds of microsecond subsequently and make electric current enter described restrictive flow 23g4, described restrictive flow 23g4 is the PTC resistance of a tool positive temperature resistor coefficient.Therefore, can be before a large amount of heating of described restrictive flow 23g4 fault current limiting, isolating switch is opened and is made semiconductor isolate from the voltage that rises gradually, breaking the time less than half cycle, described load switch 23g3 is the blocking fault current when first zero plotted point, is less than 1ms the time of delay between detecting fault and electric current restriction.
Because Ship Electrical Power System is equivalent to land small grids, the path that main difference is 12 of described power source supply end 11 and described loads is shorter, and described load 12 changes more frequent, and power supply capacity is limited etc.; And the position difference that described fault current limiter 2 is installed on the ship also has different benefits.
Install described fault current limiter 2 in generator outlet and step-up transformer primary side place:
Fault current limiting is suppressed at it under circuit breaker rupture capacity, and the loss of compensation step-up transformer virtual work increases security of system, and the designing requirement of compliance with system margin of safety.
Install described fault current limiter 2 between two electric power systems or identical voltage bus-bar:
Improve transformer load and distribute uneven shortcoming, allow short-circuit current be suppressed in the scope of safety standard, reduce the short circuit current after fault takes place, elevator system running reliability.
Installing described fault current limiter 2 enters the mouth in large capacity motor:
When described ship electric system 1 Shi Nengyou that breaks down suppresses the effect of fault current, during normal operation, also can reduce system loss, promote running voltage, and stop motor to become generator because of fault, short-circuit current is provided.
Installing described fault current limiter 2 connects with existing circuit breaker or replaces the circuit breaker function in Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer:
Fault current limiting is suppressed at it under circuit breaker rupture capacity, and the loss of compensator transformer virtual work also can allow existing circuit breaker remain in operation, and reduces the required cost of upgrading circuit breaker.
Installing fault current limiter 2 is in parallel with current limiting reactor:
The protection current limiting reactor makes it when fault takes place, and can not burn because of excessive fault current.
Install described fault current limiter 2 on distribution feeder:
The distribution feeder transient voltage that reduces when breaking down falls, and then dwindles power supply interrupted district.
Install described fault current limiter 2 on main distributing board:
Reduce the fault current size, can select the switchgear of low specification for use, and then reduce the volume of main distributing board.
In sum, the present invention meets industry applications really, and does not see publication or public use before application, is not also known by the public, and has non-showing and easy intellectual, and meet the important document of patentability, the whence proposes patent application in accordance with the law.
It is old to state institute, is a preferred embodiment on this creation industry, and the equalization of being done according to the present patent application claim changes such as, all belongs to the category of this case demand target.
Claims (10)
1. a ship electricity fault current restrictor is characterized in that, comprising:
One ship electric system: described ship electric system comprises a power source supply end, a load, and described power source supply end and described load are electric connection;
One fault current limiter: described fault current limiter is a discriminant impedance means, and described discriminant impedance means is electrically connected at described power source supply end to the path between described load; Described discriminant impedance means can be differentiated fault current, if the fault-free electric current then is low impedance state; If detect fault current, then be high impedance status, fault current limiting passes through.
2. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described discriminant impedance means comprises a trigger element, a current limiting unit, described current limiting unit and described trigger element are electric connection, described trigger element can be for the detecting fault current, and fault-signal transferred to described current limiting unit, make described current limiting unit can offering circuit in, restriction/interference fault current initial spike and electric current climbing speed.
3. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described trigger element comprises that one has the sealed ceramic pipe of hollow part, and the dried quartz sand of filling in the tube wall of described sealed ceramic pipe; Described current limiting unit is a conductor belt, and described conductor belt is located at the hollow part of described sealed ceramic pipe, and described conductor belt is that shape is arranged in the shape of a spiral.
4. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described trigger element is a high-speed switch, described current limiting unit is a fuse, described fuse is in parallel with described high-speed switch, described high-speed switch is to comprise an energy storage device, one pulse transformer and an explosion frame, described pulse transformer is connected an electric energy circuit with described energy storage device, and be connected an electric energy circuit between described explosion frame and the described energy storage device, use making described pulse transformer can provide supply of electrical energy to give described energy storage device, and provide electric energy to open described explosion frame by described energy storage device.
5. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described trigger element is a non-linear bypass resistance, and described current limiting unit is a reactance, and described non-linear bypass resistance and described reactance are parallel to the path of described power source supply end to described load.
6. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described trigger element is the first siding ring and a superconducting coil of a transformer, described current limiting unit is an iron core, described iron core is located between described first siding ring and described superconducting coil, is to be electric connection between described first siding ring, superconducting coil and described iron core.
7. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described trigger element is a two-way semiconductor switch, and described ovonic switch comprises that two electronic power switches install with reverse parallel connection, and a surge absorber in parallel; Described current limiting unit is electric current restriction impedance, and described electric current restriction impedance is to be parallel to described ovonic switch.
8. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the discriminant impedance means is a PTC resistance, described load switch and described PTC resistance are to be series at a load switch, described PTC resistance is low resistive at ordinary times, if be high resistance when fault current is arranged.
9. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described discriminant impedance means is a superconductor, is series at described power source supply end to the path between described load.
10. ship electricity fault current restrictor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described trigger element is a detecting short circuit current unit, described current limiting unit comprises a mechanical type contact, commutation commutation path, a load switch and a restrictive flow, is to be in parallel between the member of described current limiting unit; Described commutation commutation path connects an electronic escape mechanism, uses and opens described load switch, makes short circuit current enter described restrictive flow.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2008101770342A CN101741074B (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Ship electricity fault current restrictor |
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| CN2008101770342A CN101741074B (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Ship electricity fault current restrictor |
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| CN101741074B CN101741074B (en) | 2012-11-14 |
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| CN103887782A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-06-25 | 武汉大学 | Hybrid type flux coupling superconduction fault current limiter and current limitation method |
| CN106062574A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2016-10-26 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | Fault location in DC networks |
| CN107134765A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-09-05 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司电网技术研究中心 | A kind of lossless current-limiting apparatus and its control method |
| CN107482601A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of machinery rotating type restrictor apparatus |
| CN107851992A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-03-27 | 西门子公司 | Current limiting device with coil and switch |
| CN108711841A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-26 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of fault current limitation unit and method for straight-flow system |
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| CN114974795A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 西安交通大学 | Variable-impedance superconducting current-limiting transformer and working method thereof |
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| CN2344908Y (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 1999-10-20 | 周配明 | Resonance-proof arc-suppression coil |
| CN2731803Y (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2005-10-05 | 华中科技大学 | D.C. superconductive fault current limiter |
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| CN106062574B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2020-02-21 | 通用电气技术有限公司 | Fault location in DC networks |
| CN106062574A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2016-10-26 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | Fault location in DC networks |
| US10310003B2 (en) | 2014-02-19 | 2019-06-04 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Fault location in DC networks |
| CN103887782B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2017-09-22 | 武汉大学 | A kind of mixed type magnetic flux Coupled Superconducting fault current limiter and current-limiting method |
| CN103887782A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-06-25 | 武汉大学 | Hybrid type flux coupling superconduction fault current limiter and current limitation method |
| CN107851992A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-03-27 | 西门子公司 | Current limiting device with coil and switch |
| CN107851992B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2020-05-01 | 西门子公司 | Current limiting device with coil and switch |
| CN107134765A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-09-05 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司电网技术研究中心 | A kind of lossless current-limiting apparatus and its control method |
| CN107482601A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of machinery rotating type restrictor apparatus |
| CN107482601B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-04-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of machinery rotating type restrictor apparatus |
| CN108711841A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-26 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of fault current limitation unit and method for straight-flow system |
| TWI667668B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-08-01 | 勝德國際研發股份有限公司 | Voltage dependent resistor module |
| CN111683498A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-18 | 王小华 | Heat dissipation device of electric equipment |
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| CN114974795A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 西安交通大学 | Variable-impedance superconducting current-limiting transformer and working method thereof |
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