CN101737212A - Method for controlling intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx emission - Google Patents

Method for controlling intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx emission Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101737212A
CN101737212A CN200910217971A CN200910217971A CN101737212A CN 101737212 A CN101737212 A CN 101737212A CN 200910217971 A CN200910217971 A CN 200910217971A CN 200910217971 A CN200910217971 A CN 200910217971A CN 101737212 A CN101737212 A CN 101737212A
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nitrogen
combustion
rich
air
intake
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CN101737212B (en
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高青
金英爱
高淳
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The invention provides a method for controlling intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx emission, which uses nitrogen enriched airflow to perform auxiliary jet in an air intake channel, and organizes the intake airflow to form variable density distribution and layering of oxygen-nitrogen content in a combustion chamber so as to achieve density gradient distribution of the oxygen-nitrogen content in the combustion chamber, form regional combustion control, and create fine combustion control technology. The oxygen-nitrogen content of the intake airflow reforms and weakens the oxygen atmosphere in a fiery combustion region, inhibits combustion, and reduces the NOx emission; in the region close to the edge of the combustion chamber, the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen is not affected by the nitrogen enriched airflow to ensure sufficient combustion in the edge region. The method achieves balanced combustion temperature, inhibits the highest combustion temperature, reduces the NOx emission and improves the combustion heat efficiency by implementing 'peak load shifting' on combustion intensity in the combustion chamber, and solves the problem of worse combustion in a weak combustion region caused by intake of full nitrogen enriched air. The provided nitrogen enriched combustion control is not limited in a working process of an internal combustion engine, so the method has application significance for extensive combustion equipment.

Description

Intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to internal-combustion engine and thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment applied technical field, particularly air-intake component variable density distributes, and rich nitrogen inhibition is burnt and the control problem of NOx discharging.
Background technique
Internal-combustion engine and thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment emission regulation demands impel its combustion control technology level constantly to promote, and by more perfect Combustion Process Control, realize thermal power reinforcement and ultralow fuel consumption and discharging.The burning of internal-combustion engine and thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment mainly is limited by oxygen in the air inlet, nitrogen concentration of component, and wherein oxygen divides combustion-supportingly, and nitrogen divides fire-retardant, and it is the fundamental of Combustion Process Control that the two share distributes.Can distribute by oxygen, nitrogen component in the control air inlet and control the optimization that complex combustion processes is implemented burning and discharged in the firing chamber.Wherein, (Oxygen-Enriched Air OEA) can obviously reduce the inadequate discharging of burning to oxygen-enriched air supply, improves power character, shortens time lag of inflammation, helps the low-grade fuel burning; (Nitrogen-Enriched Air NEA) suppresses flame mechanism to rich nitrogen air feed, helps alleviating the NOx discharging.Wherein, the rich nitrogen air feed of equipment such as internal-combustion engine suppresses burning and is similar to exhaust gas recirculation (Exhaust gas recirculation, EGR) know-why can alleviate the NOx discharging, are a kind of effective ways that substitute exhaust gas recirculation.Simultaneously,, be better than the burning post-processing technology, reduce a large amount of after-treatment devices as the front end combustion control technology.It not only helps burning control, and helps reducing fuel consumption by the tissue burning, saves the energy, fundamentally reduces noxious emission.
Selectivity application nitrogen enriched combustion is a kind of new technical concept on flame combustion equipment such as internal-combustion engine, what particularly air-intake component distributed is local nitrogen enriched, by suppressing the burning in the vigorous zone of burning, reduces velocity of combustion, reduce firing chamber internal combustion temperature, reduce the NOx discharging; Simultaneously, keep the conventional air feed oxygen concentration in burning weak tendency zone, be unlikely to decay and influence the burning in this zone.
The present invention proposes the rich nitrogen controlling method in intake air content local zone, promptly on the conventional oxygen of primary air air inlet, nitrogen concentration basis, increase the nitrogen concentration of regional area in the cylinder, reach oxygen in the firing chamber, the distribution of nitrogen variable density or layering, suppress the nucleus burning, do not influence the burning of locular wall fringe region, realize harmonious combustion, improve combustion thermal efficiency, reduce emission level.In fact, rich nitrogen air inlet and rich nitrogen suppress the burning prior art and mention with patent and producing.Propose intake oxygen enrichment as U. S. Patent " Variable oxygen-nitrogen enriched intake air system for Internalcombustion engine Application (5649517) " and alleviate dischargings such as HC, CO and particulate, and mentioned the minimizing effect of rich nitrogen air inlet, and the selective use of oxygen enrichment and rich nitrogen air inlet to the NOx discharging; Patent " Multi-stage combustion usingnitrogen-enriched air (67900300) " proposes to utilize the multistage burning control of rich nitrogen air feed, and purpose is to realize effective control of combustion temperature and effulent; Patent " Nitrogen enriched combustion of a Natural Gas Internal combustion engineto reduce NOx Emissions (0044760) " proposes to introduce rich nitrogen component air feed burning in the rock gas internal-combustion engine, reach the purpose that reduces the NOx discharging, after but rich nitrogen component rises to 81%, HC discharging increase, power character and Economy reduce, show complete rich nitrogen air feed, the potentiality that reduce the NOx discharging are limited, on the contrary burning had a negative impact.In addition, Chinese patent " oxygen-rich combustion method for engine (00131589.7) ", " explosive motor and the oxygen-enriched combusting controlling method (200510107741.0) thereof of spray oxygen in the cylinder " etc. are mentioned and add the air separating method oxygenerating technology in available engine air inlet links, promote intake-air oxygen concentration, promote burning, but also do not have Chinese patent to mention rich nitrogen control burning and improve the NOx draining technology, just existing pertinent literature mentions that rich nitrogen improves the NOx draining technology.However, prior art is mentioned and is not all mentioned air-intake component variable density layered and the distribution notion with patent, utilizing in good time local nitrogen enriched otherness to distribute controls, suppress vigorous burning, improve the NOx discharging, realize the brand-new control technique of regional burning and discharging, avoid the adverse effect of complete rich nitrogen air feed, overcome the narrow limitation of burning control.
Rich nitrogen suppresses combustion technology and obtains research in field of internal combustion engine, has also carried out many experimental researcies.But these patents and research also are the control of full air inlet nitrogen enriched combustion, do not mention that air-intake component variable density distributes or the locality subregion control of layering, i.e. component variable density layered the and notion that distributes of nitrogen.This patent is by a regional organization such as internal-combustion engine embodiment's the rich nitrogen degree of intake process, difference in conjunction with vigorous zone of firing chamber internal combustion and weak tendency zone, utilize intake process reformation component, carry out variable density layered control, solve the key technology that nitrogen enriched combustion is used in-depth development.The inventive method overcomes the defective that influences that rich nitrogen air feed burning is subject to the further burn deterioration in burning weak tendency zone, realizes the regional meticulous control of internal-combustion engine and thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment burning.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of nitrogen enriched combustion system and based on the controlling method of this system, by organizing air inlet nitrogen component variable density to distribute and layering, make air inlet in the firing chamber, form the rich nitrogen degree of locality and variable density distribution or layering, reduce the oxygen degree relatively, suppress the burning in the vigorous zone of burning, reduce combustion temperature, alleviate the NOx emission problem that thereupon causes; Do not influence internal face outside circulation zone, firing chamber nitrogen oxygen degree, and keep existing oxygen degree, keep the good combustion in these burning weak tendency zones, do not increase the inadequate emission product of burning such as CO, HC.The regionality control of nitrogen enriched combustion guarantees that rich nitrogen suppresses more effective control of burning and technology implementation.This patent is the technical application case with the combustion in IC engine, and its core innovative idea and technology can be applicable to the burning and the emission control of other thermal technology's firing unit, have equivalent effect.
The present invention is by introducing nitrogen-rich stream, tissue reformation air inlet oxygen nitrogen concentration field, the subregion combustion control technology of formation oxygen, nitrogen change component, innovation nitrogen enriched combustion control technique.By more effective regional burning control, realize firing chamber internal combustion balance and combustion temperature equilibrium, reduce maximum combustion temperature, promote minimum combustion temperature, guarantee higher combustion thermal efficiency, reduce the NOx discharging, keep the inadequate discharging reduced levels of burning such as CO, HC and particle.Utilize the combustion-supporting and flame-retarding characteristic of oxygen, nitrogen component,, make firing chamber inner region burning Collaborative Control, realize the clean burning and the power character reinforcement of real meaning by further tissue reformation air inlet oxygen nitrogen concentration field.
In an internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment working procedure embodiment, according to work condition state and operating conditions requirement, by the coordination control of auxiliary nitrogen-rich stream pressure, flow, injection timing, pulsewidth, frequency and duration, realize organizing air-intake component variable density layered and the firing chamber that distributes in regional area richness nitrogen atmosphere.Flowing through, air 2 enters gas separator (3) after the filter of air compressor or pressurized machine 1, and the nitrogen-rich stream after the separation enters nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 and stores through check valve (4).Wherein nitrogen-rich gas can also adopt the nitrogen-rich gas of nonrandom device generation directly to be stored in nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 fully, thereby need not dispose pressurized machine 1, gas separator 3, check valve 4.Flow through check valve 8 emptyings or enter the oxygen-rich gas storage and store of isolated in addition oxygen-enriched stream.Nitrogen-rich stream is by motor-operated control valve 6, working procedure and burning control requirement according to internal-combustion engine or other thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment, implement nitrogen-rich stream pressure, flow, injection timing, pulsewidth, the time-oriented sequential control of frequency and duration etc., make nitrogen-rich stream spray into the intake duct or the intake manifold 12 of internal-combustion engine or other thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment by nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7, and by opening intake valve 11, tissue sprays nitrogen-rich stream and enters the interior ring center region of firing chamber eddy flow or required regional area, in the firing chamber 10 of internal-combustion engine or other thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment 9, form certain variable density layered air-flow of rich nitrogen concentration, form the rich nitrogen atmosphere of local variable density with main air flow air 13.Nitrogen-rich stream jet control system 16 combines with air compressor 1, nitrogen-rich gas storage 5, motor-operated control valve 6, internal-combustion engine or other thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment 9 and nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7, according to working procedure operating mode and the requirement of operating conditions state, implement the nitrogen-rich stream organizational controls, reach the control requirement.Wherein, described air separator is air-separating plants such as membrane separation device, adsorbent equipment, or the nitrogen-rich gas that directly is stored in described nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 by rich source nitrogen is as rich source nitrogen.
Intake air content local nitrogen enriched variable density component air distribution process makes formation center or the rich nitrogen density of fraction of regional area distribution form in the firing chamber, and wherein the rich nitrogen degree of regional area core is the highest, and is low inside and high outside, does not have rich nitrogen degree until the regional area edge.Oxygen atmosphere by the vigorous zone of reduction burning suppresses burning, reduces the NOx discharging; Pressing close to the fringe region of wall, oxygen concentration is not subjected to variable effect, keeps the fringe area burning, realizes fully burning, improves combustion completeness, solves the burn deterioration problem in the burning weak tendency zone that complete rich nitrogen air feed causes.
Under normal operating conditions, implement nitrogen-rich stream pressure, flow, injection timing, pulsewidth, frequency and the coordination of duration control, both guaranteed emission levels such as normal combustion and good HC, CO and particulate, effectively reduce the NOx discharging again; In cold start-up and warming-up process, close the nitrogen-rich stream air supply system usually, help catching fire and burning of cold start-up.
Therefore, the rich nitrogen concentration controlling method of this air-intake component variable density distribution and layering, utilize the local notion of adjusting, not only solve the adverse effect of full nitrogen enriched combustion, also further solve CO, HC and carbon smoke exhaust problem that the cold wall extinguishing of cold start-up causes, and the firing chamber internal combustion of general operating mode evenly controlled etc. play an important role, realize " peak load shifting " of combustion intensity, suppress the maximum temperature degree, keep higher minimum temperature, reduce emission level and improve combustion thermal efficiency.The enforcement of this technology control theory will become air-intake component oxygen, nitrogen is variable density layered or the key feature of distribution control method, thereby provide new and innovative ways for nitrogen enriched combustion control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system diagram of intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method.
Fig. 2 is the rich nitrogen schematic representation of circulation regional area in air-intake component variable density distributes in the firing chamber of intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method.
The numbering of each parts and corresponding title are as follows among the figure:
Among Fig. 1: 1-air compressor or pressurized machine, 2-filter back air, 3-gas separator, 4-check valve, 5-nitrogen-rich gas storage, 6-motor-operated control valve, 7-nitrogen-rich stream nozzle, 8-check valve, 9-internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment, 10-firing chamber, 11-intake valve, 12-intake duct or intake manifold, 13-air master air inlet, 14-air outlet flue, 15-exhaust valve, 16-nitrogen-rich stream jet control system.
Among Fig. 2: the rich nitrogen schematic diagram of circulation in the combustion chamber inner tissue air inlet oxygen nitrogen component regional area. Wherein the shadow region is center, combustion chamber or local rich nitrogen zone, region memory distribute in the low inside and high outside rich nitrogen variable density of successively decreasing step by step (among the figure shade one by one aberration). In addition, non-hatched area is the combustion chamber outer peripheral areas, is not subjected to rich nitrogen influence area. Thick dashed line shows the interior circulation stroke of rich nitrogen layering air-flow. Nitrogen-rich stream arrangement of nozzles and angle mainly can guarantee that nitrogen-rich stream is in the center, combustion chamber of interior circulation or the vigorous zone of burning of a certain part based on nitrogen-rich stream when the IO Intake Valve Opens, usually need to utilize air flue, air valve structure simulation calculation and experimental design, and control in conjunction with coordination optimizations such as expulsion pressure, timing, injection pulse width, injection frequency, emitted dose and work condition states.
Embodiment
In internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment working procedure, according to work condition state and operating conditions requirement, Collaborative Control by auxiliary nitrogen-rich stream jet pressure, timing, injection pulse width, injection frequency, realization organizes air-intake component variable density to distribute and the rich nitrogen control of the interior circulation of layering, promptly flowing through, air 2 enters gas separator 3 after the filter of air compressor or pressurized machine 1, nitrogen-rich stream after the separation is through check valve 4, entering nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 stores, wherein, 1 air compressor or pressurized machine, 3 gas separators, check valve 8 can adopt at random or nonrandom equipment.Motor-operated control valve 6 is according to working procedure control requirement, make auxiliary nitrogen-rich stream spray into the intake duct or the intake manifold 12 of internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment by nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7, and when opening intake valve 11, spray nitrogen-rich stream and mainly gather in the center region of firing chamber eddy flow, form with main air flow air 13 that certain rich nitrogen concentration variable density distributes and the layering air-flow in the firing chamber 10 of internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment 9.This inlet stream organizational process makes the rich nitrogen concentration of center, firing chamber or local nitrogen enriched regional core can reach 79~90%, and has the low inside and high outside rich nitrogen variable density distribution of successively decreasing step by step.The firing chamber outer shroud of pressing close to wall outside the rich nitrogen zone is not influenced by nitrogen-rich stream substantially, keeps the oxygen concentration of conventional air inlet air fuel ratio, and its related influence degree is limited in and is no more than local conventional air nitrogen concentration 0.5~1%.Nitrogen-rich stream sprays control to be finished by control system 16.
In cold start-up and warming-up process, motor-operated control valve 6 and nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7 are in closed condition, close the nitrogen-rich stream air supply system, help catching fire and burning of cold start-up, and the warming-up operating mode.At the combustion heat energy power regime of high NOx discharging, the rich nitrogen influence degree in outer region, firing chamber is no more than local conventional air nitrogen concentration 0.5~1%.
In gas separator 3, nitrogen-rich stream enters nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 through check valve 4 and stores for future use; The oxygen-enriched stream of the separating check valve 8 of flowing through is discharged or is used it for anything else.

Claims (9)

1. intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method, it is characterized in that producing or being stored in fully the auxiliary nitrogen-rich stream of nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 by gas fractionation unit, combine with the natural air air-flow of main air inlet, form the air inlet interflow that controlled variable density distributes, be organized in inside, firing chamber, realize nitrogen enriched combustion control.
2. intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method, it is characterized in that producing or being stored in fully the auxiliary nitrogen-rich stream of nitrogen-rich gas storage 5 by gas fractionation unit, flow through motor-operated control valve 6 and intake duct nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7, in intake duct or intake manifold 12, spray and flow out, form controlled layering interflow, rich nitrogen atmosphere of circulation zone or regional area and the rich nitrogen degree of thickening that successively decreases step by step from inside to outside distribute in forming in the firing chamber, local nitrogen enriched edges of regions does not have rich nitrogen degree, outside circulation is not influenced by rich nitrogen, utilizes oxygen, the variable concentrations of nitrogen component distributes and forms regional area burning control.
3. according to claim 2, described air-intake component distribution local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method, it is characterized in that described motor-operated control valve 6 and nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7 are according to internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment working procedure control requirement, implement nitrogen-rich stream pressure, flow, injection timing, pulsewidth, the coordination control of frequency and duration, make nitrogen-rich stream spray into intake duct or intake manifold 12 by nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7, and when opening intake valve 11, it is variable density layered with primary air 13 forms the part in firing chamber 10 rich nitrogen to spray nitrogen-rich stream.
4. according to claim 3, nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7 geometric positions, angle are determined, should use specific design according to internal-combustion engine or thermal technology's fuel-burning equipment, adjust in conjunction with various inlet road flow characteristic: wherein, nitrogen-rich stream nozzle 7 comprises that air flue is shallow and goes into formula single hole or porous form, and plug-in type (full insertion, half is inserted) porous form, wherein, multi-hole injector comprises single channel feed flow matching way and multichannel substep control methods.
5. according to claim 3, described air-intake component distribution local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method is characterized in that spraying the rich nitrogen zone of action that forms and guaranteeing that oxygen concentration is progressively to be increased progressively by mind-set edge direction in the firing chamber under normal operating conditions; Motor-operated control valve 6 and oxygen-enriched stream nozzle 7 adopt stream pressure, flow, injection timing, pulsewidth, frequency and the Collaborative Control of duration.
6. according to claim 1, described air-intake component distribution local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method is characterized in that described auxiliary nitrogen-rich stream can adjust the local oxygen in firing chamber, nitrogen component share.
7. according to claim 1, described air-intake component distribution local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx discharge control method is characterized in that closing the nitrogen-rich stream air supply system in cold start-up and warming-up process.
8. according to claim 2, the endocyclic area or the regional area of described firing chamber eddy flow, it is characterized in that making the rich nitrogen concentration of firing chamber circulation center or local nitrogen enriched regional core can reach 79%~90% scope, and have low inside and high outside rich nitrogen degree of the thickening distribution of successively decreasing step by step.
9. according to claim 2, outside described firing chamber outer shroud fringe region or the local nitrogen enriched zone, it is characterized in that this outer region should not influenced by nitrogen-rich stream, keeps the oxygen concentration of conventional air inlet air fuel ratio.In any operating mode, the rich nitrogen influence degree in this zone is no more than local conventional air nitrogen concentration 0.5~1%.
CN2009102179710A 2009-12-10 2009-12-10 Method for controlling intake air content local nitrogen enriched combustion and NOx emission Expired - Fee Related CN101737212B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105971779A (en) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-28 电装国际美国公司 Air system for internal combustion engine (ICE) and method for operating ICE

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5291841A (en) * 1993-03-08 1994-03-08 Dykema Owen W Coal combustion process for SOx and NOx control
US5459994A (en) * 1993-05-28 1995-10-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Gas turbine-air separation plant combination
GB9624819D0 (en) * 1996-11-28 1997-01-15 Air Prod & Chem Use of elevated pressure nitrogen streams to perform work
US7484956B2 (en) * 2003-09-16 2009-02-03 Praxair Technology, Inc. Low NOx combustion using cogenerated oxygen and nitrogen streams

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105971779A (en) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-28 电装国际美国公司 Air system for internal combustion engine (ICE) and method for operating ICE
CN105971779B (en) * 2015-03-10 2019-03-22 电装国际美国公司 The method of air system and operation ICE for internal combustion engine (ICE)

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