CN101729902B - Video compression method - Google Patents

Video compression method Download PDF

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CN101729902B
CN101729902B CN 200810216851 CN200810216851A CN101729902B CN 101729902 B CN101729902 B CN 101729902B CN 200810216851 CN200810216851 CN 200810216851 CN 200810216851 A CN200810216851 A CN 200810216851A CN 101729902 B CN101729902 B CN 101729902B
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frame
reference frame
video
background
decoding
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CN101729902A (en
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钟似玢
曾嘉亮
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World (Shanghai) Technology Development Co., Ltd.
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Shenzhen Temobi Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
    • H04N19/423—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation characterised by memory arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/58—Motion compensation with long-term prediction, i.e. the reference frame for a current frame not being the temporally closest one

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Abstract

The invention relates to a video compression method, which comprises the following steps of: A, defining a scene of which the change is less than or equal to a scheduled threshold in different video frames as a background, while defining a scene of which the change is more than the scheduled threshold as a foreground; or, defining a scene of which the change is less than the scheduled threshold in the different video frames as the background, while defining a scene of which the change is more than or equal to the scheduled threshold as the foreground; and B, encoding and decoding the background and the foreground by adopting different reference frames by using a multi-reference frame mechanism of an H.264 or AVS video compression standard, namely encoding and decoding the background by using a high-quality reference frame, and encoding and decoding the foreground by using a common reference frame. The video reference method is particularly suitable for video application with an unchanged camera position, and under the conditions with equal target bit rates, the image quality acquired by the method is higher; and the method only needs to adjust an existing encoder accordingly and does not need to do any changes on an existing decoder, so the method also has the advantage of easy implementation.

Description

A kind of video-frequency compression method
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for processing video frequency, more particularly, relate to a kind of video-frequency compression method.
Background technology
Time redundancy in the removal of images sequence is the main task of video compression algorithm.Time redundancy is meant the correlation that exists between the different images of video sequence.Between each image of video sequence, generally all there is stronger correlation.Therefore, video coding with communicate by letter, need all Pixel Information of each frame all be sent to decoder; In most cases, only need to transmit the change information of interframe, decoder can correctly solve present frame according to the change information of decoded image and interframe.It is thus clear that the key of elimination time redundancy is to confirm that which information of interframe does not change, need not transmit.
Information change whether basic ideas are between judgment frame: whether the pixel value of consecutive frame on same position be very approaching.Illustrate below:
If f 0, f 1Be two adjacent frames, f 0Frame is encoded, then at coding f 1During frame, check f earlier 1With respect to f 0Situation of change.Note f 1At n=(n 1, n 2) intensity of pixel position is f 1(n), f 0Intensity at the n place is f 0(n), the difference of the two is defined as FD (Frame Difference: frame is poor):
FD＝f 1(n)-f 0(n) (1.1)
If FD ≈ 0 just thinks f 1(n) and f 0(n) do not have difference, do not need again to f 1(n) encode.
But in practical application, decoder end can only obtain f 0Through the f as a result after " coding～decoding " 0'.Because the quantization step of cataloged procedure diminishes, make f 0' (n) and f 0(n) there is certain difference between, is designated as QD (Quantized Difference: it is poor to quantize):
QD＝f 0’(n)-f 0(n) (1.2)
In order to prevent the accumulation of error, the coding and decoding both sides must adopt f 0' as inspection f 1The foundation that whether changes.At this moment, claim f 0' be f 1Reference frame.
It is thus clear that reference frame is meant the video image that has passed through " coding～decoding " process.The coding and decoding device must be possessed identical reference frame, in order to follow-up image is carried out consistent predicted operation.
Note f 1With f 0' intensity difference at the n place is DD (Decision Difference: it is poor to adjudicate), have:
DD＝f 1(n)-f 0’(n) (1.3)
With formula (1.1), (1.2) substitution formula (1.3), obtain:
DD＝FD-QD (1.4)
Formula (1.4) explains that the basis for estimation of encoder is: if DD ≈ 0 does not just need f 1(n) encode.
But QD always increases along with the increase of quantization step, cause DD " should " be 0 in, but be not 0.
Problem is with regard to here: suppose f 1(n) and f 0(n) do not have difference, promptly FD ≈ 0, and this does not need f so in theory 1(n) coding; But because the existence that quantizes, make DD=-QD and keep off 0, encoder in fact still can be to f 1(n) encode.So, both increase the code check expense, again the quality of improving decoded picture had been had no help.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, and is big to the above-mentioned code check expense of prior art, the quality of improving decoded picture not have the defective of help, provides a kind of code check expense little video-frequency compression method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of video-frequency compression method is provided, comprises the following steps:
A. be background with changing the scenario definition that is less than or equal to predetermined threshold in the different video frame, the scene that will change greater than predetermined threshold then is defined as prospect; Perhaps, be background with the scenario definition that changes less than predetermined threshold in the different video frame, and the scenario definition that will change more than or equal to predetermined threshold is a prospect;
B. utilize H.264 or the multi-reference frame of AVS video compression standard mechanism, adopt different reference frames to carry out encoding and decoding to background and prospect: background to be carried out encoding and decoding with the high-quality reference frame, prospect is carried out encoding and decoding with common reference frame.
In video-frequency compression method of the present invention, among the said step B, comprise the following steps:
B1. confirm the reference frame type with encoder: long term reference frame or short-term reference frame;
B2. synchronous decoding operation: the reference frame type notification after will confirming is given decoder, makes decoder reconstructs reference frame lists 0;
B3. encoder is through sending the operation that different self adaptation internal memory control commands is come sync decoder to the high-quality reference frame with the low quality reference frame;
B4. finish.
In video-frequency compression method of the present invention, among the said step B3, the different self adaptation internal memory control command of said transmission is following:
For the I frame:
If short-term reference frame, the value that long_term_reference_flag is indicated is changed to 0;
If long term reference frame, the value that long_term_reference_flag is indicated is changed to 1;
For the P frame:
If short-term reference frame, the value that adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag is indicated is changed to 0;
If long term reference frame, the value that adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag is indicated is changed to 1.
In video-frequency compression method of the present invention, for the P frame, the value of adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag sign is changed to 1 after, also comprise and carry out following steps:
1. send the value 6 of memory_management_control_operation sign;
2. send the value 0 of long_term_frame_idx;
3. send 0, notice decoder memory_management_control_operation finishes.
In video-frequency compression method of the present invention, 5 frame frame of video of its back of said short-term reference frame prediction, the above multi-frame video frame of 5 frames that said long term reference frame prediction is follow-up.
The video-frequency compression method of embodiment of the present invention; Have following beneficial effect: this method is particularly suitable for the constant Video Applications of camera position; In the constant Video Applications of camera position, the major part of picture material belongs to background, has only a very little part to belong to prospect.As long as though background frames is a top-quality frames, code stream is bigger than normal frames, because it mainly is used as the reference frame of static scene, in long cycle, background frames of coding, just can makes and a plurality ofly being reduced by the background residual error code check of predictive frame.Therefore, in general, the compression method that prospect background separates; Not only can not cause the code check of whole video stream to increase because of the high-quality of background frames, can reduce code check through reasonably regulating, reaching on the contrary; Perhaps under equal target bit rate situation, the picture quality that obtains with this method is higher; And, owing to only need existing encoder is done corresponding adjustment, need not make any modification to existing decoder, just can correctly decode with the video flowing of this method compression, so this method also has the advantage that is easy to realize.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the variation sketch map of reference frame lists 0 in the cataloged procedure of a preferred embodiment of video-frequency compression method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of video-frequency compression method of the present invention.
Embodiment
The main points of video-frequency compression method of the present invention are: with the scenario definition that does not have in the video to change is background; The scene that changes then is defined as prospect; Utilize H.264 or the multi-reference frame of AVS video compression standard mechanism; Adopting different reference frames to carry out encoding and decoding to background and prospect---background is used the high-quality reference frame, and prospect is used common reference frame." quality " speech here is meant the fidelity of the video image after the compression.Fidelity is high more, and image after the compression and original image are approaching more, generally is exactly that image has high-quality.
Be exemplified below:
If f 0, f 7, f 8For having three two field pictures of same background, f in the same video flowing 7, f 8Two frames are adjacent, f 0, f 7Result through after " coding～decoding " is respectively f 0' and f 7', wherein, f 0' quantization step is less, is top-quality frames, f 7' quantization step is bigger, is the normal quality frame.
Note f 8At n=(n 1, n 2) intensity of pixel position is f 8(n), f 0' intensity at the n place is f 0' (n), f 7' intensity at the n place is f 7' (n).
Can know by formula (1.4): f 8(n) and f 0' (n) judgement difference DD 80, with f 7' (n) judgement difference DD 87Be respectively:
DD 80＝FD 80-QD 0 (2.1)
DD 87＝FD 87-QD 7 (2.2)
Wherein, QD 0, QD 7Be respectively f 0' and f 7' quantification poor.FD 80, FD 87Be respectively f 8(n) and f 0' (n), f 7' (n) frame is poor.
Suppose that the picture material at n place belongs to the background of three frames, then FD 80=FD 87≈ 0, for people's formula (2.1), (2.2):
DD 80＝-QD 0 (2.3)
DD 87＝-QD 7 (2.4)
As previously mentioned, f 7' be the normal quality frame, quantization step is bigger.QD 7Also bigger, if so encoder adjudicate according to formula (2.4), still can be to background f 8(n) encode.
But, because f 0' be top-quality frames, can suitably select its quantization step, make QD 0Enough little; At this moment, have by formula (2.3): DD 80≈ 0.Encoder is concluded f in view of the above 8(n) be background, can not encode.
Decoder is at needs f 8(n) place is directly with high-quality f 0' (n) replace.
For the constant Video Applications of camera position, as a rule, the major part of each frame belongs to background, has only a very little part to belong to prospect.
Though background is a top-quality frames, code stream is bigger than normal frames, because it mainly is used as the reference frame of static scene, in long cycle, as long as encode a background frames, just can make a plurality of background residual error code checks by predictive frame reduce.
Therefore; In general, the compression method that prospect background separates, not only can not cause the code check of whole video stream to increase because of the high-quality of background frames; On the contrary can through reasonably regulate, reach reduce code check, or under identical code check the effect of raising picture quality.
The key that realizes video-frequency compression method of the present invention is: H.264 support multi-reference frame mechanism with the AVS standard.To be example H.264, introduce the practical implementation step of this method below.
H.264 reference frame is divided into 2 types: short-term reference frame and long term reference frame.Short-term reference frame can only predict that at most long term reference frame then can be predicted the multi-frame video frame that 5 follow-up frames are above to 5 frame frame of video of its back.
The type of reference frame is set by the encoder, and comes the reference frame operation of sync decoder through one group of self adaptation internal memory control command (Adaptive memory control commands).
H.264 multi-reference frame administrative mechanism makes method of the present invention be able to realize very expediently.This method comprises the following steps: that A. is a background with changing the scenario definition that is less than or equal to predetermined threshold in the different video frame, and the scenario definition that will change greater than predetermined threshold is a prospect; Perhaps, be background with the scenario definition that changes less than predetermined threshold in the different video frame, and the scenario definition that will change more than or equal to predetermined threshold is a prospect; B. utilize H.264 or the multi-reference frame of AVS video compression standard mechanism, adopt different just reference frames to carry out encoding and decoding to background and prospect: background to be carried out encoding and decoding with the high-quality reference frame, prospect is carried out encoding and decoding with common reference frame.Below in conjunction with the instance of a unidirectional inter prediction, illustrate in greater detail and H.264 how to realize this method in the encoder.
With reference to figure 1, only comprise I frame and P frame in the video flowing of single directional prediction, and only use reference frame lists 0 (being called for short list0).Suppose to use 2 reference frames to carry out predictive coding, video flowing be I, P1, P2, P3 ..., P120, wherein I, P10, P60 need become long term reference frame, remaining image is short-term reference frame.Then in the cataloged procedure, the situation of change of list0 that contains 2 reference frames is as shown in Figure 1.
Among Fig. 1, the corresponding frame of symbol (L) expression is set to long term reference frame, and (S) the corresponding frame of expression is a short-term reference frame.After having compiled I, reference frame lists 0 is that index0 and the index1 of list0 is changed to I (L) and NULL respectively, compiled P1 after, index0 and index1 are changed to P1 (S) and I (L) respectively; Compiled P2 to P9, index0 is changed to P2 (S) respectively successively to P9 (S), and index1 all is changed to I (L); Compiled P10, index0 and index1 are changed to P9 (S) and P10 (L) respectively; Compiled P11 to P59, index0 is changed to P11 (S) respectively successively to P59 (S), and index1 all is changed to P10 (L); Compiled P60, index0 and index1 are changed to P59 (S) and P60 (L) respectively.
With reference to figure 2, among the above-mentioned steps B, comprise the following steps:
S101: beginning.
S102: confirm the reference frame type: long term reference frame or short-term reference frame with encoder;
S103: the synchronous decoding operation: the reference frame type notification after will confirming is given decoder, makes encoder rebuild reference frame lists 0.
S104: encoder comes the operation of sync decoder through sending different self adaptation internal memory control commands, and is specific as follows:
(1) for the I frame:
1), the value of long_term_reference_flag sign is changed to 0 if short-term reference frame;
2), the value of long_term_reference_flag sign is changed to 1 if long term reference frame.
(2) for the P frame:
1), the value of adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag sign is changed to 0 if short-term reference frame;
2) if long term reference frame; Then adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag is put 1; This means that the back also has corresponding memory management control operation (memory_management_control_operation), so encoder also must be carried out following 3 steps:
1. send the value 6 of memory_management_control_operation sign;
2. send the value 0 of long_term_frame_idx;
3. send 0, notice decoder memory_management_control_operation finishes.
S105: finish.
As space is limited; The concrete steps that realize video-frequency compression method of the present invention can only be described here; Above-mentioned each sign all belongs to self adaptation internal memory control command; Its concrete implication is in the 8.2.5 trifle of official standard " Recommendation is video coding for generic audiovisual services H.264:Advanced " H.264; In " decoded reference pictures labeling process (Decoded reference picture marking process) " literary composition detailed description is arranged, the implementor is reference voluntarily.
In sum, through background is set at long term reference frame, prospect is set at short-term reference frame, just can within the framework of standard H.264, realize video-frequency compression method of the present invention.Obviously, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the multi-reference frame mechanism of utilizing the AVS standard to be supported, adopt said method also can realize video-frequency compression method of the present invention.
Video-frequency compression method of the present invention is particularly suitable for the constant Video Applications of camera position, in this type used, compares with the scheme of other time coding, and under equal target bit rate situation, the picture quality of this method is higher.
In the contrast experiment, the main flow of selection industry H.264 standard coders X264 is represented conventional method, and video-frequency compression method of the present invention is called after SWATAW then.
Table 1 has provided experimental result: under different code rate controlled condition; The constant video flowing paris of typical background (1065 frame) is compressed with X264 and SWATAW respectively, be not difficult to find out from size and the situation of Y-PSNR (PSNR) two aspects of compressing the back file, when picture quality is close; The compression ratio of SWATAW is higher; For example, when code check was 20kbps, the file size that obtains with X264 and SWATAW compression was respectively 84.9 and 84.1; When code check was 80kbps, the file size that obtains with X264 and SWATAW compression was respectively 411KB and 405KB, and visible, the compression ratio that the SWATAW method obtains is higher.And under identical code check, the picture quality of SWATAW is higher; And this advantage is obvious all the more along with the reduction of target bit rate.
Table 1X264/SWATAW algorithm contrast experiment tables of data
Figure GDA0000140972160000081
Another advantage of video-frequency compression method of the present invention is: be easy to realize; Because encoder only needs to adjust accordingly according to preamble is said; Decoder then need not made any modification fully, the video flowing that just can correctly decode and compress out with the inventive method.
The above is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a video-frequency compression method is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A. be background with changing the scenario definition that is less than or equal to predetermined threshold in the different video frame, and the scenario definition that will change greater than predetermined threshold is a prospect; Perhaps, be background with the scenario definition that changes less than predetermined threshold in the different video frame, and the scenario definition that will change more than or equal to predetermined threshold is a prospect;
B. utilize H.264 or the multi-reference frame of AVS video compression standard mechanism, adopt different reference frames to carry out encoding and decoding to background and prospect: background to be carried out encoding and decoding with the high-quality reference frame, prospect is carried out encoding and decoding with common reference frame;
Among the said step B, comprise the following steps:
B1. confirm the reference frame type with encoder: long term reference frame or short-term reference frame;
B2. synchronous decoding operation: the reference frame type notification after will confirming is given decoder, makes decoder reconstructs reference frame lists 0;
B3. encoder is through sending the operation that different self adaptation internal memory control commands is come sync decoder to the high-quality reference frame with the low quality reference frame;
Said " background is carried out encoding and decoding with the high-quality reference frame, and prospect is carried out encoding and decoding with common reference frame " is specially:
If f 0, f 7, f 8For having three two field pictures of same background, f in the same video flowing 7, f 8Two frames are adjacent, f 0, f 7Result through after " coding～decoding " is respectively f 0' and f 7', wherein, f 0' quantization step is less, is top-quality frames, f 7' quantization step is bigger, is the normal quality frame, f 8At n=(n 1, n 2) intensity of pixel position is f 8(n), f 0' intensity at the n place is f 0' (n), f 7' intensity at the n place is f 7' (n), the picture material at n place belongs to the background of three frames,
f 8(n) and f 0' (n) judgement difference DD 80, with f 7' (n) judgement difference DD 87Be respectively:
DD 80＝FD 80-QD 0 (2.1)
DD 87＝FD 87-QD 7 (2.2)
Wherein, QD 0, QD 7Be respectively f 0' and f 7' quantification poor, FD 80, FD 87Be respectively f 8(n) and f 0' (n), f 7' (n) frame is poor;
With FD 80=FD 87≈ 0, for people's formula (2.1), (2.2):
DD 80＝-QD 0 (2.3)
DD 87＝-QD 7 (2.4)
As previously mentioned, f 7' be the normal quality frame, quantization step is bigger, QD 7Also bigger, so encoder adjudicates according to formula (2.4), still to background f 8(n) encode;
f 0' be top-quality frames, through suitably selecting its quantization step, make QD 0Enough little, at this moment, have by formula (2.3): DD 80≈ 0, and encoder is concluded f in view of the above 8(n) be background, do not encode that decoder is at needs f 8(n) place is directly with high-quality f 0' (n) replace.
2. video-frequency compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the said step B3, the different self adaptation internal memory control command of said transmission is following:
For the I frame:
If short-term reference frame, the value that long_term_reference_flag is indicated is changed to 0;
If long term reference frame, the value that long_term_reference_flag is indicated is changed to 1;
For the P frame:
If short-term reference frame, the value that adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag is indicated is changed to 0;
If long term reference frame, the value that adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag is indicated is changed to 1.
3. video-frequency compression method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, for the P frame, the value of adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag sign is changed to 1 after, also comprise and carry out following steps:
1. send the value 6 of memory_management_control_operation sign;
2. send the value 0 of long_term_frame_idx;
3. send 0, notice decoder memory_management_control_operation finishes.
4. video-frequency compression method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, 5 frame frame of video of its back of said short-term reference frame prediction, the above multi-frame video frame of 5 frames that said long term reference frame prediction is follow-up.
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