Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of three measuring range potential difference meter, telophragma does not switch by switch in the connection of three measuring disk, and two bracket panels of first step disc cancellation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is taked like this:
Electric current from the positive pole of potential difference meter 1.5V working power through the resistance measurement network of two step discs between node F, the B, two slide wire disc and range transfer resistance to single-pole triple-throw (SPTT) range selector K
1And 441 Ω set up resistance R
NWith range of adjustment at the lockable adjustable resistance R of 0~0.6 Ω
P2, again to the resistance R of 60 Ω
0, through the adjustable resistance R of 0~110 Ω
P1Get back to the working power negative pole and form the work loop of potential difference meter; Standard cell E
NAnodal through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2To setting up resistance R
NAnd lockable adjustable resistance, process 100K Ω current-limiting resistance R is to standard cell E again
NNegative pole is formed the potential difference meter standard loop; Potential difference meter is used to connect measured " U
X" two terminals, anodal terminal through the two slide wire discs of two measuring disk and after, again through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2Form the potential difference meter equalizing network to the negative pole terminal; It is characterized in that first step disc has the measuring disk I, it has 0,1,2 ... 22 totally 23 gears connect one of 10 Ω resistance between each gear contact; The 3rd dish is two slide wire discs, two slip thickness materials are identical, resistance all is 10 Ω, wherein one is measurement slip III, another root for auxiliary slip III ', the index dial of two slide wire discs divides 10 big lattice, whenever the resistance of lattice correspondence is 1 Ω greatly, every big lattice divide 10 little lattice, and the brush on two slide wire resistances is with a slice metallic brush sheet; Second step disc is by measuring disk II and bracket panel II ' form, the measuring disk II has 0,1,2 ... 10 totally 11 gears have the resistance of 10 10 Ω, the 1st resistance R above 0~9 gear
1One end welds the 2nd resistance R
2One end, resistance R
2The other end welds the 3rd resistance R
3One end, resistance R
3The other end welds the 4th resistance R
4One end, resistance R
4The other end welds the 5th resistance R
5One end, resistance R
5The other end welds the 6th resistance R
6One end, resistance R
6The other end welds the 7th resistance R
7One end, resistance R
7The other end welds the 8th resistance R
8One end, resistance R
8The other end welds the 9th resistance R
9One end, the 9th resistance R
9The other end and the 10th resistance R
10An end tie point be circuit node A, the 10th resistance R
10The other end and the 1st resistance R
1The tie point of the other end be circuit node B, resistance R
1With resistance R
2Tie point be connected resistance R through 16 Ω resistance with the 1st contact
2With resistance R
3Tie point be connected resistance R through 9 Ω resistance with the 2nd contact
3With resistance R
4Tie point be connected resistance R through 4 Ω resistance with the 3rd contact
4With resistance R
5Tie point be connected resistance R through 1 Ω resistance with the 4th contact
5With resistance R
6Tie point be connected resistance R with the 5th contact
6With resistance R
7Tie point be connected resistance R through 1 Ω resistance with the 6th contact
7With resistance R
8Tie point be connected resistance R through 4 Ω resistance with the 7th contact
8With resistance R
9Tie point be connected resistance R through 9 Ω resistance with the 8th contact
9With resistance R
10Tie point be connected resistance R through 16 Ω resistance with the 9th contact
10With resistance R
9Tie point node A through 1 Ω resistance R
11The back is to node C, and node C is connected with the 10th contact after through 15 Ω resistance, and the 0th contact of measuring disk II is connected with Node B through 25 Ω resistance, the bracket panel II of second step disc ' on be the resistance of 10 0.5 Ω, the bracket panel II ' brush through 205 Ω resistance R
12The back connects the brush of measuring disk II, the bracket panel II ' brush connect the 22nd contact of measuring disk I, the 0th contact connecting circuit node C of measuring disk I, bracket panel II ' the 10th contact and 2300 Ω resistance R
14An end tie point be node D, node D is through 5/7 Ω resistance R
15Back and 11.5 Ω range transfer resistance r
1One end is connected in parallel on node F, and node F connects the positive pole of potential difference meter working power; 2300 Ω resistance R
14The other end connect to measure the 0th contact, top of slip III, end the 10th contact of measuring the slip III is through 90 Ω resistance R
13Back connecting circuit Node B; Node B and 1035 Ω range transfer resistance r
3One end is connected in parallel on single-pole triple-throw (SPTT) range selector K
1* 10 range contacts, range transfer resistance r
3The other end and 103.5 Ω range transfer resistance r
2One end is connected in parallel on single-pole triple-throw (SPTT) range selector K
1* 1 range contact, range transfer resistance r
2The other end and range transfer resistance r
1The other end connect after, through 93.15 Ω resistance r
4Connect single-pole triple-throw (SPTT) range selector K
1* 0.1 range contact, single-pole triple-throw (SPTT) range selector K
1Normally closed contact connect to set up resistance R
NThe high potential end; Potential difference meter is used to connect measured " U
X" two terminals, anodal terminal is connected with measuring disk I brush, the negative pole terminal is through double-point double-throw switch K
2Back and auxiliary slip III ' be connected.
By above technical scheme, first step disc has saved two bracket panels, makes potential difference meter simple in structure, volume-diminished, also reduced production cost, in equalizing network, do not passed through switch on the circuit of three measuring disk connections simultaneously, so do not have variation and thermoelectric potential influence; The brush of first step disc and two slide wire discs switches and causes that change in resistance does not influence measurement numerical value, only influences the galvanometer damping, and compares brush with the resistance variations of whole equalizing network and switch and cause that change in resistance can ignore.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, the measuring disk II has ten the 10 end to end resistance rings of Ω between 1~9 contact, when the measuring disk II is put " 5 ", the brush of measuring disk II is to being that 5 10 Ω resistance are in parallel with 5 10 Ω resistance between the Node B, back in parallel resistance is 25 Ω to the maximum, other contact of measuring disk II all will be connected to 25 Ω to the resistance between the Node B, and corresponding point directly are connected on the 5th contact of measuring disk II and the resistance ring; When the measuring disk II was put " 4 " or put " 6 ", the brush of measuring disk II was to being that 4 10 Ω resistance are in parallel with 6 10 Ω resistance between the Node B, and back in parallel resistance is 24 Ω, so the 4th, 6 contacts are connected with corresponding point on the resistance ring through 1 Ω resistance; When the measuring disk II was put " 3 " or put " 7 ", the brush of measuring disk II was to being that 3 10 Ω resistance are in parallel with 7 10 Ω resistance between the Node B, and back in parallel resistance is 21 Ω, so the 3rd, 7 contacts are connected with corresponding point on the resistance ring through 4 Ω resistance; When the measuring disk II was put " 2 " or put " 8 ", the brush of measuring disk II was to being that 2 10 Ω resistance are in parallel with 8 10 Ω resistance between the Node B, and back in parallel resistance is 16 Ω, so the 2nd, 8 contacts are connected with corresponding point on the resistance ring through 9 Ω resistance; When the set of measuring disk II or when putting " 9 ", the brush of measuring disk II is to being that 1 10 Ω resistance is in parallel with 9 10 Ω resistance between the Node B, and back in parallel resistance is 9 Ω, so the 1st, 9 contacts are connected with corresponding point on the resistance ring through 16 Ω resistance; When the reset of measuring disk II, the 0th contact of measuring disk II is to being that 25 Ω resistance connect between the Node B, and when the measuring disk II is put " 10 ", the 10th contact of measuring disk II is to being that 16 Ω resistance add 9 Ω resistance rings and connect into 25 Ω resistance between the Node B.
During the second step disc reset, the bracket panel II ' brush be that two resistance that are both 230 Ω are in parallel with resistance value between the Node B, be 115 Ω therefore.
When the second not reset of step disc " 9 " reaches " 10 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and the calculating of the resistance value between the Node B, all need to carry out triangle-star conversion.
During the second step disc set, the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between the calculating of resistance value: establish resistance (R
2+ R
3+ ... + R
9) and resistance R
10The both sides resistance is equivalent to resistance r
1, resistance R
10With resistance R
1The both sides resistance is equivalent to resistance r
1' resistance (R
2+ R
3+ ... + R
9) and resistance R
1The both sides resistance is equivalent to resistance r
1", be equivalent to resistance r
1, r
1', r
1" intersection point is Q
1:
R then
1=(R
2+ R
3+ ... + R
9) * R
10/ (R
1+ R
2+ ... + R
10)=80 * 10/100 Ω=8 Ω
r
1’=R
1×R
10/(R
1+R
2+…+R
10+R
11)=10×10/(10×10)Ω=1Ω
r
1”=(R
2+R
3+…+R
9)×R
1/(R
1+R
2+…+R
10)=80×10/100Ω=8Ω
The bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value equal (221 Ω+r
1) * (221 Ω+r
1")/(2 * 229)
Ω+r
1’=229Ω/2+1Ω=114.5Ω+1Ω=115.5Ω
When second step disc is put " 2 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between the calculating of resistance value: establish resistance (R
3+ R
4+ ... + R
9) and resistance R
10The both sides resistance is equivalent to resistance r
2, resistance R
10With resistance (R
1+ R
2) the both sides resistance is equivalent to resistance r
2' resistance (R
3+ R
4+ ... + R
9) and resistance (R
1+ R
2) the both sides resistance is equivalent to resistance r
2", be equivalent to resistance r
2, r
2', r
2" intersection point is Q
2:
R then
2=7 Ω r
2'=2 Ω r
2"=14 Ω
The bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value equal (221 Ω+r
2) * (205 Ω+9 Ω+r
2")/(2 * 228) Ω+r
2'=228 Ω/2+2 Ω=114 Ω+2 Ω=116 Ω.
In like manner, when second step disc is put " 3 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value be 116.5 Ω,
When second step disc is put " 4 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value be 117 Ω,
When second step disc is put " 5 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value be 117.5 Ω,
When second step disc is put " 9 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value be (221/2+9) Ω=119.5 Ω, when second step disc is put " 10 ", the bracket panel II ' brush and Node B between resistance value be (220/2+10) Ω=120 Ω.
Because the every stepping of measuring disk II increases by 0.5 Ω, so bracket panel II ' every stepping reduces by 0.5 Ω, makes the total resistance of circuit constant.
When * 10 ranges, all-in resistance is 115 Ω between node F, D, B, resistance r
1, resistance r
2With resistance r
3After the series connection 1150 Ω, resistance and resistance r between node F, D, B
1, resistance r
2With resistance r
3Therefore the resistance parallel connection of series connection back flows through that electric current is 10/11 of a voltage-measuring equipment total current between node F, D, B, flows through resistance r
1, resistance r
2With resistance r
3Electric current be 1/11 of voltage-measuring equipment working current;
When * 1 range, the resistance resistance in series r between node F, D, B
3After, with 10 times to resistance r
1With resistance r
2Resistance and resistance r
1With resistance r
2Parallel connection makes resistance r
1With resistance r
2On electric current be 10/11 of voltage-measuring equipment working current, the electric current between node F, D, B is 1/11 of a voltage-measuring equipment electric current, so electric current reduces to 1/10 on the measuring disk, the amount of making limit is reduced to 1/10.
When * 0.1 range, the resistance resistance in series r between node F, D, B
2With resistance r
3Back and resistance r
1Parallel connection, the resistance after the series connection are resistance r
1109 times, therefore flow through that total current is 1/110 of a voltage-measuring equipment working current between node F, D, B, this electric current is * electric current during 10 ranges 1/100.At * 0.1 range, resistance resistance in series r between node A, B
2With resistance r
3Back and resistance r
1Parallel connection, the resistance that reduces after the parallel connection is by series connection 93.15 Ω resistance r
4Come the holding circuit resistance constant.
Electric current during the standardization of potential difference meter working current is 2.31mA, when * 10 ranges, the 2mA electric current flow through the bracket panel II ' the 10th contact through two step discs to Node B, the measuring disk II is put " n " (n=1,2,3 ... 8) time, the 22nd contact of measuring disk I is to being equivalent to resistance r
n, r
n', r
n" intersection point Q
n(n=1,2,3 ... 8) with the bracket panel II ' brush through 205 Ω resistance R
12To intersection point Q
nResistance value equates, when the measuring disk II is put " 9 ", the bracket panel II ' brush through the measuring disk I to the resistance value of node A and bracket panel II ' brush through 205 Ω resistance R
12Resistance value to node A all equals 221 Ω, so flow through measuring disk I and 205 Ω resistance R
12Electric current respectively be 1mA, when the measuring disk II is put " 10 ", the bracket panel II ' brush through the measuring disk I to the resistance value of node C and bracket panel II ' brush through 205 Ω resistance R
12Resistance value to node C all equals 220 Ω, so flow through measuring disk I and 205 Ω resistance R
12Electric current respectively be 1mA.
For ten the 10 Ω end to end resistance rings of measuring disk II between 1~9 contact, the resistance R during set of measuring disk II
1To be all 10 Ω resistance in parallel with 9 resistances, flows through resistance R
10Electric current be 1/10mA, the voltage U between node A and the Node B
AB=1/10 * 10mV=1mV; Resistance (R when the measuring disk II is put " 2 "
1+ R
2) to be all 10 Ω resistance in parallel with 8 resistances, flows through resistance R
10Electric current be 2/10mA, the voltage U between node A and the Node B
AB=2/10 * 10mV=2mV; (n=1,2,3 when in like manner, the measuring disk II is put " n " ... 9) voltage U between resistance nodes A and the Node B
AB=n mV; The measuring disk II puts 10 " time, the ohmically voltage U of 9 Ω between node A and the Node B
AB=9mV adds 1 Ω resistance R
11Last 1mV, 10mV altogether; Flowing through the electric current of measuring the slip III is 0.1mA,
During the working current standardization, first step disc is put n
1, second step disc puts n
2, the 3rd dish puts n
3(n
3Represent big lattice indicating value) " U at this moment
x" two measure that voltage is between terminal:
U
x=1×10n
1+1×10+n
2/10×10-0.1×90-0.1×1×(10-n
3)(mV)
=10n
1+10+n
2-9-1+0.1n
3(mV)
=10n
1+n
2+0.1n
3(mV)
When * 1 range, when first step disc is put n
1, second step disc puts n
2, the 3rd dish puts n
3(n
3Represent big lattice indicating value) " U at this moment
x" two measure that voltage is between terminal:
U
X=n
1+0.1n
2+0.01n
3(mv)
When * 0.1 range, when first step disc is put n
1, second step disc puts n
2, the 3rd dish puts n
3(n
3Represent big lattice indicating value) " U at this moment
x" two measure that voltage is between terminal:
U
X=0.1n
1+0.01n
2+0.001n
3(mv)
The standard operation electric current is to determine like this: at * 1 range, 200mV standard signal voltage is pressed polarity and voltage measuring apparatus " U
x" two measure terminal and connect, it is identical with the standard signal magnitude of voltage that voltage measuring apparatus respectively coils total indicating value, double-point double-throw switch K
2Throw to the left side, regulate adjustable resistance R
P1, make galvanometer G nulling; Again with double-point double-throw switch K
2Throw to the right, regulate adjustable resistance R
P2, make galvanometer G nulling, at this moment adjustable resistance R
P2Locking.
The electromotive force of every series-produced standard cell disperses, and between 1.0188V~1.0196V, when * 10 ranges, standardized working current is 2.31mA, therefore sets up resistance R
NGet 441 Ω, add the lockable adjustable resistance R of 0~0.6 Ω
P2, variation range that can the coverage criteria cell emf.
Electromotive force was about 1.65V when dry cell was new, and to 1.4V when following, the electric current shakiness can both make the working current of potential difference meter be adjusted to standardization in order to make dry cell under new, former affection condition, for this reason resistance R with old
0Get 60 Ω.Get adjustable resistance R
P1Be 0~110 Ω.