CN101723920B - Process for synthesizing (R)-Glycidyl butyrate - Google Patents

Process for synthesizing (R)-Glycidyl butyrate Download PDF

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CN101723920B
CN101723920B CN200910153722XA CN200910153722A CN101723920B CN 101723920 B CN101723920 B CN 101723920B CN 200910153722X A CN200910153722X A CN 200910153722XA CN 200910153722 A CN200910153722 A CN 200910153722A CN 101723920 B CN101723920 B CN 101723920B
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methylene dichloride
organic layer
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acetone
glycidyl butyrate
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CN101723920A (en
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余英洲
王晓红
蒋成君
叶呈志
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TAIZHOU ZHENGANG DYESTUFF CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a process for synthesizing (R)-Glycidyl butyrate, which comprises the following steps: in the presence of a catalyst chromium salt, reacting (S)-epichlorohydrin with n-butyric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1-4 at the temperature of between 60 and 80 DEG C for 24 to 48 hours; cooling to the temperature of between 10 and 20 DEG C, adding methylene dichloride, neutralizing with 10 mass percent sodium carbonate solution until the pH is equal to 7.0-8.0, washing with water for 2 to 3 times, standing and demixing; drying an organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporating to remove the methylene dichloride, taking acetone as a solvent, performing reflux reaction on (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyrate and carbonate of which the molar ratio is 1:1-3 for 10 to12 hours, cooling to the temperature of between 10 and 20 DEG C, filtering, removing undissolved substances, and evaporating to remove the acetone to obtain a concentrate; and adding 200 to 500mL of methylene dichloride, washing with water for 2 to 3 times, drying an organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporating to remove the methylene dichloride, rectifying to collect fractions with the temperature of between 55 and 65 DEG C in the vacuum degree of between 60 and 70Pa, and obtaining the product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate. The process has the advantages of simple raw materials, mild reaction conditions, environmental protection, and suitability for industrial production.

Description

A kind of synthesis technique of (R)-Glycidyl butyrate
Technical field
The present invention relates to the synthesis technique of compound, relate in particular to a kind of synthesis technique of (R)-Glycidyl butyrate.
Background technology
Morpholine uh ketone (Linezolid U-100766) be in April, 2000 at the complete synthesis antibiotic new drug of U.S.'s approval listing, be used for the treatment of skin and skin histology infection, pneumonia and faecalis and infect.In this chiral drug molecule 5 chiral carbon atoms of morpholine ring to be configured as the S type effective.In its building-up process, need an important intermediate: (R)-the Racemic glycidol butyric ester.(R)-the Racemic glycidol butyric ester generally can pass through enzymatic hydrolysis; Methods such as asymmetric synthesis prepare.
Enzymatic hydrolysis: first synthesising racemation body Racemic glycidol butyric ester, split through biology again, obtain enantiomorph (M atson S L.WO, 88 07,582 (1988) of single configuration; Amano M, Toda H, Tanaka S.JP, 63 173 597 (1988); Whitesides G M, L ader W.U S, 4,732,853 (1988)).Wherein raceme compound Racemic glycidol butyric ester is synthetic, obtains by epoxy chloropropane and Potassium n-butyrate generation nucleophilic substitution reaction.(R)-under the effect of enzyme, the generation enzymically hydrolyse reacts and splits the Racemic glycidol butyric ester by raceme Racemic glycidol butyric ester.Catalytic biological method for splitting, the reaction conditions gentleness, by product is few, and product separation is purified simple, and production safety is effective.The reaction that enzyme is participated in has the stereospecificity of height usually, and the polarimetry purity that therefore obtains product is higher, and enzyme easily degrades, and can not cause environmental pollution, is suitable for scale operation.But because the kind of enzyme is limited, and enzyme is destroyed easily, and reaction can only obtain a kind of enantiomorph wherein, and the maximum yield of reaction also has only 50%, so this method has certain limitation.
Asymmetric synthesis: by naturally occurring chipal compounds D-N.F,USP MANNITOL is starting raw material (Baldwin JJ, Raab A W.J.Org.Chem., 1978,43 (25): 4876; Jung M E, Shaw T J.J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1980,102 (20): 6304), it is carried out effective chemical modify and transform.With N.F,USP MANNITOL is that raw material reacts, and reactant and intermediate are easy to epimerization under acid-base condition, and transport reaction takes place product easily, causes racemization and can not get desired (R)-Glycidyl butyrate.
Horse wait quietly (Ma Jing, Xue Feiqun. chemical reagent, 2002,24 (1) 19-21) be that starting raw material and butanic acid sodium react direct synthetic butyric acid glycidyl ester with (R)-epoxy chloropropane, but the product racemization can not get desired (R)-Glycidyl butyrate.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of synthesis technique of (R)-Glycidyl butyrate is provided.
(R)-synthesis technique of Glycidyl butyrate comprises the steps:
1) under the catalyst chromium salt action, mol ratio is that (S)-epoxy chloropropane of 1: 1~4 and butanic acid were 60~80 ℃ of reactions 24~48 hours, be cooled to 10~20 ℃, add methylene dichloride, be neutralized to pH=7.0~8.0, wash with water again 2~3 times with mass percent 10% sodium carbonate solution, standing demix, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, steaming vibrating dichloromethane gets (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester;
2) with acetone be solvent, mol ratio is (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester of 1: 1~3 and carbonate back flow reaction 10~12 hours, is cooled to 10~20 ℃, filter, remove insolubles, boil off acetone, obtain enriched material, add 200~500mL methylene dichloride, wash the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying with water 2~3 times, steaming vibrating dichloromethane, 55~65 ℃ of fractions are collected in rectifying, and vacuum tightness 60~70Pa gets product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate.
The mol ratio of described (S)-epoxy chloropropane and butanic acid is preferably 1: 1~and 2.Described catalyzer chromic salts is chromium chloride, chromium acetate or chromium sulphate.Described carbonate is salt of wormwood or yellow soda ash.
Raw material of the present invention is simple, the reaction conditions gentleness, and environmental friendliness, the optical purity height of product can be used for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Reaction equation of the present invention is as follows:
Figure G200910153722XD00021
Under the catalyst chromium salt action, butanic acid with (S)-epoxy chloropropane 60~80 ℃ the reaction 24~48 hours, be cooled to 10~20 ℃, add methylene dichloride, be neutralized to pH=8.0, wash with water again 3 times with 10% sodium carbonate solution, standing demix, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, gets (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester.
With acetone is solvent, (S)-and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester and carbonate back flow reaction 10~12 hours.Be cooled to 10~20 ℃, filter, remove insolubles, boil off acetone, obtain enriched material, add the 250mL methylene dichloride, water 50mL * 2 washings, organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, boil off solvent, 55-65 ℃ of fraction collected in rectifying, and vacuum tightness 60-70Pa gets product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate.
This method raw material is simple, and reaction conditions is not harsh, and cost is low, can be used for industrialized production.
Embodiment 1
250mL four in drop into 1mol butanic acid, 1mol (S)-epoxy chloropropane, chromium chloride 1g in the flask, stirring is warmed up to 60 ℃, be incubated 48 hours to the epoxy chloropropane disappearance, be cooled to 10 ℃, 250mL adds methylene chloride, be neutralized to pH=8.0 with 10% sodium carbonate solution, use the 300mL water washing again 3 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, get (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester 153g 1H NMR0.96 (3H, t), 1.72 (2H, m), 2.25 (2H, t), 4.20 (2H, d), 4.13 (H, m), 3.55 (2H, d), 1.8 (H), yield: 85.0%.
In the 1000mL four-hole boiling flask, add above-mentioned all (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric esters, acetone 600mL, salt of wormwood 2mol, back flow reaction 10 hours is to terminal.The elimination insolubles boils off acetone, gets enriched material and adds the 250mL methylene dichloride, water 100mL washing 2 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, and 55-65 ℃ of fraction, vacuum tightness 60-70Pa are collected in rectifying, get product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate 98.6g, specific rotation: 29.5 ° 1H NMR 0.96 (3H, t), 1.70 (2H, m), 2.23 (2H, t), 2.63 (2H, d), 3.10 (1H, m), 4.31 (2H, d).Yield: 80.6%.
Embodiment 2
250mL four in drop into 2mol butanic acid, 1mol (S)-epoxy chloropropane, chromium acetate 1g in the flask, stirring is warmed up to 80 ℃, be incubated 24 hours to the epoxy chloropropane disappearance, be cooled to 20 ℃, 250mL adds methylene chloride, be neutralized to pH=8.0 with 10% sodium carbonate solution, use the 300mL water washing again 3 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, get (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester 126.9g, yield: 70.5%.
In the 1000mL four-hole boiling flask, add above-mentioned all (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric esters, acetone 600mL, yellow soda ash 2mol, back flow reaction 10 hours is to terminal.The elimination insolubles, boil off acetone, get enriched material and add the 250mL methylene dichloride, water 100mL washing 2 times, organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, boil off solvent, 55-65 ℃ of fraction collected in rectifying, and vacuum tightness 60-70Pa gets product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate 68.1g, specific rotation: 29.5 °, yield: 67.1%.
Embodiment 3
250mL four in drop into 1mol butanic acid, 1mol (S)-epoxy chloropropane, chromium sulphate 1g in the flask, stirring is warmed up to 80 ℃, be incubated 48 hours to the epoxy chloropropane disappearance, be cooled to 20 ℃, 250mL adds methylene chloride, be neutralized to pH=8.0 with 10% sodium carbonate solution, use the 300mL water washing again 3 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, get (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester 150.1g, yield: 83.4%.
In the 1000mL four-hole boiling flask, add above-mentioned all (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric esters, acetone 600mL, salt of wormwood 2mol, back flow reaction 12 hours is to terminal.The elimination insolubles, boil off acetone, get enriched material and add the 250mL methylene dichloride, water 100mL washing 2 times, organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, boil off solvent, 55-65 ℃ of fraction collected in rectifying, and vacuum tightness 60-70Pa gets product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate 105.4g, specific rotation: 28.9 °, yield: 87.8%.
Embodiment 4
250mL four in drop into 1mol butanic acid, 1mol (S)-epoxy chloropropane, chromium chloride 1g in the flask, stirring is warmed up to 60 ℃, be incubated 24 hours to the epoxy chloropropane disappearance, be cooled to 10 ℃, 250mL adds methylene chloride, be neutralized to pH=7.0 with 10% sodium carbonate solution, use the 200mL water washing again 2 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, get (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester 158.0g, yield: 87.8%.
In the 1000mL four-hole boiling flask, add 1mol (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester, acetone 600mL, salt of wormwood 2mol, back flow reaction was cooled to 10 ℃ in 10 hours to terminal, filtered, remove insolubles, boil off acetone, obtain enriched material, add the 200mL methylene dichloride, water 100mL washing 2 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, steaming vibrating dichloromethane, 55-65 ℃ of fraction collected in rectifying, vacuum tightness 60-70Pa, get product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate 123.3g, specific rotation: 29.5 °, yield: 85.6%.
Embodiment 5
500mL four in drop into 4mol butanic acid, 1mol (S)-epoxy chloropropane, chromium chloride 1g in the flask, stirring is warmed up to 80 ℃, be incubated 48 hours to the epoxy chloropropane disappearance, be cooled to 20 ℃, 250mL adds methylene chloride, be neutralized to pH=8.0 with 10% sodium carbonate solution, use the 300mL water washing again 3 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying boils off solvent, get (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester 142.0g, yield: 78.9%.
In the 1000mL four-hole boiling flask, add 1mol (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester, acetone 600mL, salt of wormwood 3mol, back flow reaction was cooled to 20 ℃ in 12 hours to terminal, filtered, remove insolubles, boil off acetone, obtain enriched material, add the 500mL methylene dichloride, water 150mL washing 3 times, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, steaming vibrating dichloromethane, 55-65 ℃ of fraction collected in rectifying, vacuum tightness 60-70Pa, get product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate 117.5g, specific rotation: 29.5 °, yield: 81.6%.

Claims (2)

1. the synthesis technique of (R)-Glycidyl butyrate is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) under the catalyst chromium salt action, mol ratio is that (S)-epoxy chloropropane of 1: 1~4 and butanic acid were 60~80 ℃ of reactions 24~48 hours, be cooled to 10~20 ℃, add methylene dichloride, be neutralized to pH=7.0~8.0, wash with water again 2~3 times with mass percent 10% sodium carbonate solution, standing demix, the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, steaming vibrating dichloromethane gets (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester;
2) with acetone be solvent, mol ratio is (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl butyric ester of 1: 1~3 and carbonate back flow reaction 10~12 hours, is cooled to 10~20 ℃, filter, remove insolubles, boil off acetone, obtain enriched material, add 200~500mL methylene dichloride, wash the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying with water 2~3 times, steaming vibrating dichloromethane, 55~65 ℃ of fractions are collected in rectifying, and vacuum tightness 60~70Pa gets product (R)-Glycidyl butyrate;
Described catalyzer chromic salts is chromium chloride, chromium acetate or chromium sulphate, and described carbonate is salt of wormwood or yellow soda ash.
2. the synthesis technique of a kind of (R)-Glycidyl butyrate according to claim 1, the mol ratio that it is characterized in that described (S)-epoxy chloropropane and butanic acid is 1: 1~2.
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