The specific embodiment
The amnion tissue sample treatment.
Separate amniotic membrane from the mammal Placenta Hominis that exsomatizes, adopt the physiological buffer flushing to remove hemocyte, machinery is rejected residual chorion and blood vessel.
As used herein, term " mammal " is the most high in a vertebrates monoid, is evolved by reptile, and principal character is: body surface hairiness, general parted hair, neck, trunk, extremity and five parts of tail; Use pulmonary respiration; Thermostasis is a Homoiotherm; Brain is big and flourishing; Suckling; Viviparous.Suckling and viviparity are the notable attribute of mammal.
As used herein, term " amniotic membrane " (Amnion) also can be called fetal membrane, is the vital tissue that carries out mass exchange between parent and fetus.Amniotic membrane mainly can be divided into epithelial layer, basal layer, compacted zone, fibroblast layer and spongy layer five parts.Main amniotic epithelial cells (the human amniotic epithelial cells of human amniotic cell (Amniotic cells) by epithelial layer, hAEC) and the mesenchymal cell of basal layer constitute, be the early stage product of fetal development closely of getting in touch with developmental fetus.Amniotic epithelial cells can express early stage stem cell some not isolabeling as the gtelatinous fibre associated protein that neurocyte is special, neuronal specificity labelling (MAP2) neural stem cell specific marker (Nestin), liver parenchyma cell albumen, alpha-fetoprotein etc.Since this explanation amniotic membrane keeps the PD cell characteristic of immaturity, has the multipotency differentiation potential.[KnezevicV,Anat?1996;189(Pt?1):1-7;Yugel,Transplantation?2004;77(9):1452-4;Takashima?S,CellStruct?Funct?2004;29(3):73-84;Sakuragawa?N,Neurosci?Lett?1996;209(1):9-12;Wei?J.P,Cell?Transplant?2003;12(5):545-52]。Simultaneously, amnion cell itself self lack I, II class antigen such as HLA-A ,-B ,-C and-R antigen and β 2 immunoglobulins [Akle CA, Lance 1981; 2 (8254): 1003-5; M.Adinolfi, nature vol 295:28] can not produce immunogenicity after transplanting, amnion cell exists HLA-E, G antigen simultaneously in addition, and they have immunosuppressive activity [Ueta M et al Clin Exp Imunol 2002; 129 (3): 464-70].
Amniotic epithelial cells separates and cultivates.
" separation " refers to from tissue sample emigrated cells and separates with other non-tissue stem cell.Using any routine techniques or method is unicellular with complete separate tissue, these technology or method comprise mechanical force (shred-ability or shearing force), with a kind of protease of or combination for example collagenase, trypsin, lipase, as US patent 5, disclosed release enzyme (liberase) H1 and pepsin carry out the combination of enzymic digestion or machinery and enzyme method in 952,215.For example, can be by the following method organize segmental digestion: the method for using the tissue digestion of collagenase mediation with complete; Or be disclosed in US patent 5,830,714 and 5,952 with reference to other method that is used for use collagenase of the present invention, in 215.Similarly, can use neutral protease to replace collagenase, as at Twentyman, P.R. and J.M.Yuhas (CancerLett 1980:9 (3): disclosed method 225-228).In addition, method can adopt the combination of enzyme, for example collagenase and tryptic combination, and as at Russell, people such as S.W.F.Doc (Int J Cancer 1976:18 (3): disclosed method 322-30); Or enzyme such as trypsin and mechanical dissociative combination, as at Engelholm.S.A, people such as M.Spang.Thomsen (Br J Cancer 1985:51 (1): disclosed method 93-98).
Other method well known by persons skilled in the art concentrates competent cell colony. and these processing after scouring/concentration steps can be implemented individually or simultaneously.In one embodiment, by allowing the cell colony Continuous Flow cross rotation film system or similar system for example in US patent 034,135 and 5,234, disclosed system is with cell concentration with remove enzyme in 608.
Except said method, also can be further purified or enrichment competent cell colony behind the cell washing or after cultivating, reduce heteroproteose cell and dead cell.Cell in the separate out suspended liquid can be realized by following technology: the adhesion of buoyant density sedimentation and centrifugation, differentiated and solid phase and eluting, immune magnetic pearl, fluorescence laser cell sorting (FACS) or other technology on the solid phase.These different technologies and carry out the example of the device of these technology can be referring to prior art and traded commodity.As immunomagnetic beads method, at disclosed amniotic epithelial cells antigen among the WO03042405, adopt specific antibodies such as SSEA-4, Nanog, CK-3, be further purified or the amniotic epithelial cells of enrichment SSEA-4 (+), Nanog (+), CK-3 (+) by immunomagnetic beads method.
The type of the basal medium that the present invention is used without limits, as long as can be used for the culture medium of cell culture.Preferred culture medium comprises DMEM culture medium and NPBM culture medium.To other component types that may contain in the basal medium above-mentioned without limits, preferred composition comprises F-12, FCS and the nerve survival factor.In this class culture medium, for example, the concentration of F-12 and FCS is respectively 50% and 10%.The concentration of CO2 preferably 5% in this class culture medium, but the invention is not restricted to this.
And, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, add bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) or EGF (epidermal growth factor) in the basal medium of mentioning upward.In this case, can add a kind of or both's adding.The concentration for example of bFGF above-mentioned or EGF is 1ng/ml to 100ng/ml, and preferred concentration is 10ng/ml.To time of adding and method without limits.Preferably, add reagent every day when amniotic epithelial cells above-mentioned is cultivated in basal medium.
According to the present invention, the basal medium of mentioning upward or contain in the basal medium of other composition and also can add human whole serum, cord serum or artificial cerebrospinal fluid.
The amniotic epithelial cells preparation.
Amniotic epithelial cells preparation of the present invention comprises active component amniotic epithelial cells and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Consider the type of the disease that will treat, those skilled in the art can suitably select the proper states of cell: without the cell (slightly putting forward part) of the collection of any processing; Partially purified cell; The cell of purification and then through cultivating amplification; Or the cell of neurad differentiation of stem cells.
At this paper, " pharmacy is acceptable " component is meant and is suitable for people and/or animal not have the material with suitable useful/relative risk of over-drastic adverse side effect (as toxicity, zest and anaphylaxis).
Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is meant pharmacy acceptable solvent, suspending agent or excipient, helps cell survival, and the cell that transmissibility is prepared is to the human or animal.Carrier is selected according to the administering mode of plan suitably.Carrier of the present invention includes but not limited to various physiological buffers, as normal saline, phosphate buffer, artificial cerebrospinal fluid; Or whole serum, cord serum; Also various man-made supports be can comprise, gelfoam, decalcification bone, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) and their copolymer included but not limited to.
Treatment is used
Adopt the method that is fit to arbitrarily all can give the patient with this cell.A kind of suitable method is the spinal cord intracavitary administration, can directly inject in the cerebrospinal fluid.Usually these cells are included in the pharmaceutically acceptable fluid medium.Cell gives can repeat or carry out continuously (for example, being infused in the cerebrospinal fluid by continuous irrigation).Generally speaking, multiple administering mode takes usually at interval and used respectively in 7-10 days at least.Another method be with cell seeding in bioabsorbable material such as gelfoam, adopt operation to have the bioabsorbable material of cell to implant required position kind.Above-mentioned two kinds of methods can obtain better therapeutic in conjunction with application.
The suitable consumption of cell will change according to spinal cord lesion that the patient suffered or destructive total amount, patient's body weight and other factors.Usually, the dosage range that at every turn gives is about 10
3-10
9Cell is typically about 10
6-10
7Cell.
Cell of the present invention or cell preparation can be treated from body patient and/or allosome patient, preferably join the identical or close allosome patient of type from the body patient or with cell source body MHC, most preferably from the body patient.
Particularly, when cell and/or the preparation that contains cell are administered to the allosome patient, use one or more immunosuppressant can for the patient who accepts this cell and/or tissue, to alleviate, preferably prevent the transplant rejection effect. the example that is applicable to the immunosuppressant of the inventive method comprises can stimulate the activating agent of approach by suppressor T cell/B cell jointly, for example in United States Patent (USP) 20020182211 disclosed interference T cell and B cell via the link coupled activating agent of CTLA4 and B7 approach.Other example comprises Cyclosporin A, myophenylate mofetil, rapamycin and antithymocyte globulin.
As used herein, term " from the body patient " is the patient that the cell used or cell preparation derive from self.
As used herein, cell or cell preparation that term " allosome patient " is used derive from allosome or xenogeneic patient.
In some embodiments of the present invention, cell is administered to the patient with one or more medicines.
Described medicine has been meant the neuroprotective cell, reduces the medicine of the effect of broken ends of fractured bone necrosis and promotion axon growth, includes but not limited to NGF (nerve growth factor), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, neurenergen 3 and neurenergen-4/5.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer.
Embodiment 1.hAEC separates and cultivates
Get healthy cesarean pregnant women placental, from the chorion denuded amniotic membrane.Hemocyte is removed in the PBS flushing, 37 ℃ of digestion of 0.25% trypsin 30min, and piping and druming adds the RPMI1640 that contains 10%FBS and stops digestion, and 100 mesh sieves filters, and 1,500rpm is centrifugal, abandons supernatant, with 1 * 10
4/ cm
2Be seeded in the 10cm plate.HAECs places 37 ℃, 5%CO in RPMI-1640 (10%FBS, 100 μ g/ml streptomycins, 100U/ml penicillin, 10ng/ml EGF and 0.3mg/ml glutaminase)
2Cultivate in the cell culture incubator.
The preparation of embodiment 2.hAEC cell preparation
Embodiment 1 cultivates 24-72 hour hAEC, removes culture medium, and the hAEC adherent with 0.25% trypsinization is centrifugal, then uses recentrifuge after the PBS liquid 2ml rinsing, and the resuspended adjustment cell concentration of PBS is that 105/ μ l is standby, promptly gets the hAECs cell preparation.
Embodiment 3.hAECs treatment rat cerebral hemorrhage mold
1 animal
The female adult Sprague-Dawley rat of SPF level is adopted in experiment, available from Shanghai Si Laike Experimental Animal Center, and body weight 250 ± 10g, single cage is raised, and can freely absorb water and food, and illumination formation daytime/night, 12h-12h circulated.Laboratory animal is divided into matched group, operation (cerebral hemorrhage) group, treatment (cell transplantation) group, and wherein operation group and treatment group are divided into operation back and treatment 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d again.
2 research methoies
(1) making of rat cerebral hemorrhage mold
With reference to CrystalL[Crystal L MacLellan, Gergely Silasi, Candice C Poon, et al.Journal ofCerebral Blood Flow ﹠amp; Metabolism, 2007:1-10] etc. method and improve.To be fixed on the stereotaxic instrument after the rat usefulness chloral hydrate anesthesia (10% chloral hydrate is by 0.3ml/100g body weight lumbar injection), be equipped with hair, the local wiping field of operation of povidone iodine cuts rat head skin, and (bregma is the center to be positioned to basal nuclei with position finder, 3.5mm is opened on the side, dark 5.5mm).Get 0.375U/ μ l Collagenase IV (Sigma product) the 1 μ l of the preparation of PBS under the aseptic condition, inject the rat basal nuclei with the speed of 2 μ l/min, let the acupuncture needle remain at a certain point 5min pulls out behind the pin no liquid and flows from needle track is counter.Dental base acrylic resin powder sealing boring, aseptic operation needlework skin suture, povidone iodine wiping; The intramuscular injection mycillin is with infection.Monitor the heart rate of animal in the operation process in real time, blood pressure and body temperature keep the anus temperature at 37.5 ℃.After laboratory animal is revived fully, press Bederson[Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Tsujim, et al.Stroke, 1986,17:472-477] scoring: it is unsettled that rat is carried tail, and 0 is divided into and stretches two forelimbs earthward, does not see dystropy; The I level is mentioned the Mus tail, and brain injury offside forelimb reclaims post-buckling under abdomen; The II level, except I level symptom, during to the thruster rat, resistance obviously reduces than offside from brain injury; The III level, except I level and II level symptom, the sign that the oriented brain injury offside of rat side is outstanding; The IV level, the animal confusion.Except IV level animal model, other all includes research range in.Postoperative 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d carry out the model scoring to rat to be observed:
Balance beam walking test [Altumbabic M, Peeling J, Bigio MRD, et al.Stroke, 1998,29:1917-1923.] is measured motion and is integrated and the coordination ability.The long 80cm of balance beam, wide 2.5cm lies in the place apart from the high 10cm in ground.The standard of keeping the score: 0 minute, pass balance beam, can not fall; 1 minute, pass balance beam, the chance of falling is less than 50%; 2 minutes, pass balance beam, the chance of falling is greater than 50%; 3 minutes, can pass balance beam, but the paralysis rear flank limb of getting involved can not help to move forward; 4 minutes, can not pass balance beam, but above can being sitting in: 5 minutes, rat is placed on the balance beam and can falls down.
The asymmetric experiment scoring of forelimb [Ya Hua, Timothy Schallert, Richard F, et al.] rat is put into high 30cm, in the clean glass of bore 20cm, observe its number of times that finds new outlets with left and right sides upper limb contact glass wall, according to the motion frequency record of animal 3-10 minute.
Formula is score value=[R/ (R+L+B)]-[L/ (R+L+B)]
Wherein R is for using the number of times of right upper extremity; L is for using the number of times of left upper extremity; B is the number of times that uses two upper limb simultaneously.
(2) labelling HAEC
Adopt Hoechst33258 (Sigma product) labelling HAEC: add fluorescent marker Hochest33258 in adherent HAEC culture dish, the working concentration that makes Hochest33258 in the culture medium is 1 μ g/ml.HAEC is placed 37 ℃, 5%CO
2Labelling 12h in the incubator removes culture medium then, and the HAEC adherent with 0.25% trypsinization is centrifugal, then uses recentrifuge after the PBS liquid 2ml rinsing, removes the Hochest33258 fluorescent marker on unmarked repeatedly for 3 times.Resuspended adjustment cell concentration is 10
5/ μ l is standby.The expression of observing Hoechst33258 fluorescence on the HAEC be implanted into tricorn under fluorescence microscope is followed the trail of in the brain of HAEC and is located.
(3) transplant hAEC
24h transplants behind the cerebral hemorrhage.Be fixed on the stereotaxic instrument after rat anaesthetized once more, the local wiping field of operation of povidone iodine is cut off surgical thread, exposes skull, is positioned to left side tricorn (0.9mm behind the bregma, 1.4mm is opened on a left side, dark 4.9mm) with position finder.Get 10 μ lhAECs suspensions of embodiment 2 preparation, inject the rat basal nuclei with the speed of 5 μ l/min, let the acupuncture needle remain at a certain point 5min pulls out behind the pin no liquid and flows from needle track is counter.Dental base acrylic resin powder sealing boring, aseptic operation needlework skin suture, povidone iodine wiping; The intramuscular injection mycillin is with infection.
(4) brain water content
Broken end behind each group rat deep anaesthesia is got brain, along midline incision, distinguish the both sides cerebral hemisphere, the precise electronic balance claims weight in wet base (wwt); Put in 80 ℃ of baking boxs, toast continuously 48h to constant weight (last twice of poor quality≤0.2mg) back claims dry weight (dw),
Adopt the Elliott formula to calculate brain water content (%).
Brain water content %=(wwt-dw)/wwt * 100%
(5) liquid chromatograph-electrochemical detector detects the kind and the changes of contents of neurotransmitter in the rat brain spinal fluid.
During collect cerebrospinal fluid,, cut off dorsal body setae and expose skin with wet gauze wiping rat nape portion skin.Two ear lines are cut a transverse incision (about 1.5cm), put caudal ward therein along the subcutaneous 2cm that cuts off, and skin is separated both sides, broaden one's vision.Be close to the rat skull and successively shear each flesh layer successively, and the broken ends of fractured bone draws caudal ward to broaden one's vision successively.Near behind the neck during ligamenta flava, separate the muscle that covers with No. 7 injection needles carefully, expose occipito-axial ligaments.(the pin inclined-plane upwards with the 1ml insulin syringe, the nearly level of needle tip is thrust subarachnoid space, fixing needle body, slowly extract cerebrospinal fluid, general collection capacity is 50-120 μ l, drips 10% cold concentration perchloric acid mixing in 10: 1 ratios, in 4 ℃, the centrifugal 10min of 10000r/min, get-80 ℃ of preservations after the supernatant packing, to be checked.
3 interpretations of result
Adopt the spss13.0 statistical analysis software, image acquisition and analytical system, and the processing method of corresponding reagent box description.Data all use mean ± standard deviation to represent, the data between experimental group relatively adopt variance analysis to carry out statistical procedures, and test level is 0.05.
Result and discussion:
1. behavior scoring
The balance beam of cerebral hemorrhage and each time point of treatment group rat and the asymmetric application appraisal result of forelimb are seen Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Balance beam walking test is used to measure the motion integration and the coordination ability of rat.The balance beam walking test score shows: 24h behind the injection collagenase, the unusual of sports coordination ability promptly appears in animal, the balance beam scoring of operation group 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d animal is compared with the matched group of corresponding time period, all have notable difference (* among Fig. 1: with compare P<0.05 with time point operation group; *: with compare P<0.01 with time point operation group).
Collagenase injection causes rat brain can cause the asymmetric application phenomenon of significant forelimb after hemorrhage, and from appraisal result: the scoring of operation treated animal is significantly higher than matched group; Compare with operation group rat, treatment group 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d all have significant difference, the tool statistical significance (* among Fig. 2: with compare P<0.05 with time point operation group; *: with compare P<0.01 with time point operation group; #: compare P<0.05 with matched group; ##: compare P<0.01 with matched group).
Ethological improvement has promptly appearred in cerebral hemorrhage animal 24h after having transplanted hAEC, and the balance beam scoring of treatment group 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d animal is used asymmetric scoring with forelimb and compared with the operation group of corresponding time period, and notable difference is all arranged.
2.hAEC the location
The hAEC of the Hoechst33258 labelling of transplanting through tricorn observes discovery under fluorescence microscope: hAEC is distributed in tricorn, ventriculus tertius, aqueduct of midbrain, and cell attachment is also arranged on the choroid plexus; Cell is light blue fluorescence, and nucleus subcircular and nuclear are bigger, the kytoplasm non-coloring, and cell state is good.
Conventional cresyl viollet dyeing finds that tricorn has agglomerate near circular cell, even dyeing, and cell boundaries is clear, structural integrity, cellular morphology is normal; Ventriculus tertius, aqueduct of midbrain also have a small amount of subcircular cell, and be obvious with the choroid plexus cell architectural difference.(see that Fig. 3 AD is a same brain section; BE is a same brain section; CF is a same brain section; A, B, C are the photo under the fluorescence microscope; D, E, F are the painted photo of conventional cresyl viollet)
3. water content
Each is organized the water content of rat the two cerebral hemispheres different time and sees Fig. 4.From the result, rat brain hemorrhage back 2d and 3d are the peak periods of cerebral edema, compare with control rats all to have significant difference; The rat brain water content increase that cerebral hemorrhage causes can continue until 7d behind the cerebral hemorrhage, and involves left hemisphere.
The hemorrhage big brain water content increase that causes of rat brain can obviously improve after tricorn is transplanted hAEC, (*: compare P<0.05 with the side of performing the operation with time point from Fig. 4; #: compare P<0.05 with matched group; ##: compare P<0.01 with matched group.) as can be seen: the right brain water content of treatment group 2d, 3d is starkly lower than the water content of operation group 2d, 3d, and the P value is all<0.05.
Each is organized rat brain left hemisphere water content and changes little.
4 monoamine neurotransmitters change
Each changes of contents of organizing monoamine neurotransmitter in the rat brain spinal fluid see Fig. 5 (*: with compare P<0.05 with time point operation group; *: with compare P<0.01 with time point operation group; #: compare P<0.05 with matched group; ##: compare P<0.01 with matched group.)。
The content difference in time that causes the monoamine neurotransmitter of cerebrospinal fluid after rat brain is hemorrhage changes, and during 2d-7d, the content of monoamine transmitters dopamine is to be tangible rising trend behind cerebral hemorrhage, and in the cerebral hemorrhage later stage, 14-8d, the content of dopamine reduces gradually, and is lower than normal value.
From the result of this research, during 7d, the content of dopamine is significantly higher than the matched group level behind the cerebral hemorrhage, P<the 0.01 and content of transplanting the treatment treated animal of hAEC significantly is lower than the operation group, and, compare no significant difference near the matched group level with matched group.
Scope of the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of described specific embodiments, and described embodiment is only desired also to comprise the method and the component of functional equivalent in the scope of the invention as the single example of illustrating various aspects of the present invention.In fact, except content as herein described, those skilled in the art can easily grasp multiple improvement of the present invention with reference to above description and accompanying drawing.Described improvement also falls within the scope of appended claims.Every piece of list of references mentioned above is listed this paper in as a reference all in full.