CN101719703B - Three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor - Google Patents

Three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101719703B
CN101719703B CN200910227803XA CN200910227803A CN101719703B CN 101719703 B CN101719703 B CN 101719703B CN 200910227803X A CN200910227803X A CN 200910227803XA CN 200910227803 A CN200910227803 A CN 200910227803A CN 101719703 B CN101719703 B CN 101719703B
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planet
rotor
stator
magnetic pole
winding
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CN101719703A (en
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崔振忠
吴永平
金智新
刘纯贵
刘大同
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Datong Coal Mine Group Co Ltd
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Datong Coal Mine Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to electromotor, in particular to three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor. The invention can solve the problem that low-speed motor which can directly output high torque is scarce. The electromotor comprises a case, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly and an end cap arranged at the two ends of the case; wherein the stator assembly is composed of a stator ring fixed in the case, 6M stator magnetic poles fixed on the stator ring and central windings wound on the stator magnetic poles; the rotor assembly comprises N planet spindles, the two ends of the planet spindle are provided with a planet support, the two ends of each planet spindle are supported on the planet support by a bearing, each planet spindle is fixed with a planet rotor and a planet gear, the planet rotor is composed of a rotor ring, a rotor magnetic pole fixed on the rotor ring and a permanent magnet fixed on the rotor magnetic pole, and the pitch of the rotor magnetic pole is equal to the pitch of the stator magnetic pole. The electromotor of the invention can be applied to all occasions requiring low-speed and high-torque load.

Description

Three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor
Technical field
The present invention relates to motor, be specially three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor.
Background technology
At present, at China's machine field, the kind that can directly export big torque, Low speed electric motor also seldom.Because if make the motor output slow-speed of revolution by electric speed governing, its output torque can not significantly improve.For DC motor, when low speed if want to export big torque, volume that also must expanded motor.Therefore, the output that makes motor directly reach low speed high torque by electric speed governing is unpractical.Adopt the combination of motor acceleration and deceleration machine to realize the big torque of the required slow-speed of revolution in many application scenarios, as: the combination of the combination of harmonic wave speed reducing machine and threephase asynchronous and other reductors and motor directly adopted.Though this combination is simple but equipment volume is big.At some certain applications such as motorized pulleys etc., pay attention to very much the volume and weight of equipment, require the volume and weight can not be too big, therefore the combination of this motor acceleration and deceleration machine can't be satisfied the requirement of certain applications to volume and weight again.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor in order to solve the kind problem seldom that can directly export big torque, Low speed electric motor.This three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor can be realized the output of low speed high torque under the prerequisite that does not increase volume.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor, the end cap that comprises the assembling of casing, stator, rotor assembling and casing two ends, the stator assembling is by being fixed in stator circle in the casing, being fixed in 6N on the stator circle (N for more than or equal to 2 natural number) individual magnetic pole of the stator and (identical coiling) on each magnetic pole of the stator concentrates winding to constitute; The rotor assembling comprises N (N is the natural number more than or equal to 2) root planet rotating shaft, the two ends of planet rotating shaft are provided with planet stent, the two ends of each planet rotating shaft through bearings on planet stent, be fixed with planet rotor and planetary gear in each planet rotating shaft, planet rotor by the rotor circle, be fixed in the rotor magnetic pole on the rotor circle and the permanent magnet that is fixed on the rotor magnetic pole constitutes, the pitch of rotor magnetic pole (being the width of pole shoe of rotor magnetic pole) equates with the pitch of magnetic pole of the stator; Also comprise an internal gear, the outer ring of internal gear through bearings in casing, its internal tooth is meshed with each planetary gear, and an end of internal gear is made shaft extension, shaft extension is stretched out the end cap of a side; The planet stent of planet rotating shaft one end in the rotor assembling through bearings on the end cap of a side, the planet stent of the other end through bearings on internal gear; In 6N the concentrated winding, every six continuous concentrated windings are one group, in six concentrated windings of each group, the head end of first concentrated winding links to each other as the A phase winding with the head end of the 4th concentrated winding, the tail end of second concentrated winding links to each other as the C phase winding with the tail end of the 5th concentrated winding, the head end of the 3rd concentrated winding links to each other as the B phase winding with the head end of the 6th concentrated winding, each phase winding in each group is in series or in parallel with each other and three-phase stator winding that form motor (is that the N group is concentrated in the winding, A phase winding in each group is in series or is in parallel and form the stator A phase winding of motor, C phase winding in each group is in series or is in parallel and form the stator C phase winding of motor, and the B phase winding in each group is in series or is in parallel and form the stator B phase winding of motor).During work, the three-phase stator winding of motor passes to three-phase alternating current, under the effect of stator field, each planet rotor detours the central axis of star rotating shaft along the stator surface rotation, simultaneously around the central axis of stator along stator surface revolution (in fact also being that the planet rotating shaft promptly has rotation that revolution around the stator center axis is arranged again), make relatively low rotating speed of each planet rotating shaft (planet stent just) output, this relatively low rotating speed is that the performance by stator assembling and the formed accurate electric motor structure of planet rotor (comprises electromagnetic performance, stator and rotor sructure etc.) determine, the planetary gear that each planet rotating shaft drives on it carries out rotation and revolution along the internal tooth of internal gear, the driving internal gear rotates, and by the gearratio between planetary gear and the internal gear, the big torque of output on the shaft extension of internal gear, the slow-speed of revolution.
After the motor stator internal diameter is determined, follow the principle that maximally utilises the stator interior space and determine the diameter of planet rotor, promptly under the discontiguous prerequisite of each planet rotor, thereby make each planet rotor determine the diameter of planet rotor near tangent state as much as possible, after the diameter of planet rotor is determined, equate with the pitch of magnetic pole of the stator and rotor magnetic pole is distributed on the rotor circle according to the pitch of rotor magnetic pole, can easily determine the quantity of rotor magnetic pole.
The course of work that the stator of motor of the present invention drives the planet rotor rotation is as follows: below will analyze from the rotation of the corresponding planet rotor of three-phase alternating current typical case instantaneous moment, as shown in figure 19, the one-period of three-phase alternating current is divided into 12 moment, with 18 magnetic pole of the stator (being that N equals 3) is example, each the time inscribe magnetic pole of the stator the change in location of change in polarity, planet rotor like shown in the following table:
Figure G200910227803XD00031
In the table: X1, X2, X3 are three planet rotors;
N is a magnetic pole; Electric current from the tail end of concentrating winding advance, head end goes out the utmost point for N;
S is a magnetic pole; Electric current from the head end of concentrating winding advance, tail end goes out the utmost point for S;
O is a neutral point; Be that magnetic pole of the stator does not have polarity;
1-12 is moment t
1-18 is a magnetic pole of the stator
At first, we will be benchmark with a mutually, and it is divided into per 30 ° is a moment.If planet rotor surface (centre) is the N utmost point,, see Table when the magnetic pole at the t1 moment three planet rotors aligns (contact) with 1,7,13 of magnetic pole of the stator respectively.We only analyze (other planet rotor in like manner as seen) at planet rotor X1, at t1 constantly, the a phase voltage is 0, C is mutually for just, b is mutually for negative, because C phase magnetic pole (No. 2 magnetic poles) and a magnetic pole mutually are adjacent and be the S utmost point, No. 2 magnetic pole of the stator adhesive planet rotor X1, at this moment planet rotor by No. 1 magnetic pole of the stator to No. 2 magnetic pole of the stator roll (because of the surperficial magnetic pole of planet rotor is N).All the other X2, X3 are in like manner.Arrived t2 constantly, A is just become by O, and pole surface produces N, and planet rotor X1 is produced the power that pushes away, and impels planet rotor X1 to roll to No. 2 magnetic pole of the stator, and this moment No. 1 and No. 2 magnetic pole of the stator just produce one to planet rotor X1 and push away a moment of drawing.Under the effect of three-phase alternating current rotating magnetic field, planet rotor X1 will be from No. 1 magnetic pole of the stator through 12 moment the table, are rolled into No. 6 magnetic pole of the stator and finish planet rotor X1 from turning around.After moving for the 12nd step, turn to the first step again, planet rotor will repeat said process from magnetic pole of the stator 7 this moment.Such three planet rotors are turned at three phase rotating field effect backspin.
Motor of the present invention is synchronous with supply frequency, and his startup is the same substantially with other synchronous machine.Frequency progressively is raised to synchronous speed by zero during startup.When entering synchronous speed and electric phase place when identical, directly power by three-phase alternating current.
Motor of the present invention has very wide speed adjustable range, and the frequency by controller change three-phase alternating current realizes speed governing.Can carry out speed feedback by velocity transducer during speed governing, carry out closed-loop control.
Motor of the present invention is the New-type electric machine of a kind of electromechanical integration of combining according to 3Z (I) type planetary reduction gear principle, three-phase alternating current rotating magnetic field, switched reluctance motor principle.
The 3Z type planetary gear transmission (as shown in figure 21) that 3Z (I) type has bidentate circle planetary gear has the big torque of output, slow-revving characteristics, its design feature is: internal gear b fixes, and the centre wheel a and the e of rotation are meshed with planetary gear c and d respectively, so available transmission code name 3Z (I) expression.In various machine driving, obtained to use more widely.3Z (I) type reasonably gear range is i ac b = 20 ~ 300 , Transmission efficiency is η ac b = 0.8 ~ 0.9 . 3Z (I) type is described and to be come from " Planetary Transmission Design " that Rao Zhengang writes the 6th page.The high speed input of 3Z (I) type Gear Planet Transmission is finished by centre wheel, and low speed output is realized by internal gear.Motor of the present invention utilizes the Gear Planet Transmission structure of 3Z (I) type exactly, realizes arriving at a high speed the deceleration of low speed, has promoted the output torque by gearratio simultaneously.In order to realize this characteristic, we take down centre wheel a, and fixing internal gear b is replaced with the stator of motor, and planetary gear C is replaced by N planet rotor.Centre wheel a drives planetary gear C and becomes three phase electric power by N planet rotor rotation of rotating magnetic field promotion.This electric machine structure is very novel, ingenious, unique with combining of 3Z type planetary gear transmission.
Motor of the present invention is realized the output of low speed high torque by 3Z (I) type planetary reduction gear principle.Adopt the three phase sine alternating current to solve the automatic commutation problem of switched reluctance machines.Based on the switched reluctance machines operation principle, be in order to inherit the plurality of advantages of switched reluctance machines, little as starting current, starting torque is big, good speed adjustment features, frequently rotating control etc.Motor of the present invention has overcome also that the switched reluctance machines electromagnetic noise is big, the weak point of torque pulsation during low speed.Generally speaking, motor of the present invention can be realized the output of low speed high torque under the prerequisite that does not increase volume.It is a qualitative leap that this structural design is compared with the structural design of conventional motors, has in fact stepped into the category of emerge science " mechatronics ".Therefore, the performance index of motor of the present invention will be higher than traditional drive system.
The performance of motor of the present invention
1, gearratio i: described gearratio is the rotating speed of the planet stent in the motor and the ratio of the rotating speed of internal gear.
i = Ze Ze - Zd Zb Zc
In the formula: Ze---the number of teeth of internal gear;
Zd---the planetary number of teeth;
Zb---stator magnet number of poles;
The rotor magnetic pole number of Zc---planet rotor;
With Ze=69, Zd=30, Zb=18, Zc=8 is example, electrical machinery gearratio i=46 of the present invention, and the rotating speed of output shaft is 21.74r/min when input 50Hz three-phase alternating current.
2, output torque T:
T = 9549 P M n M iη ( N · m )
In the formula: P M---motor input electric power, kW=7.5;
n M---motor speed, r/min=1000; (planet rotor stator circumference revolve round the sun number)
I---gearratio, i=46;
η-mechanical efficiency η=0.8;
Motor output torque of the present invention is 22635.24 (Nm), and this obtains under gearratio i=46 situation.When the gearratio increasing, the multiple that gearratio is pressed in torque improves.
3, electric efficiency
At first we have a look 3Z (I) epicyclic transmission mechanism earlier, and torque is from the centre wheel input, and centre wheel and planetary gear are first order engagement, and planetary gear and fixed annulus are second level engagement, and second level planetary gear and internal gear are third level engagement, and transmission efficiency is η ac b = 0.8 ~ 0.9 , And motor of the present invention has only the engagement of afterbody planetary gear and internal gear, and this one-level transmission efficiency is 98%.In the electromagnetism input stage, there is not solenoid on the planet rotor, therefore there is not copper loss, and stator and the short magnetic circuit of rotor employing, magnetic loss is little.This makes the efficient of electromagnetism input stage be higher than threephase asynchronous, and gross efficiency is greater than 80%.
4, motor material utilance
For switched reluctance machines, see shown in the accompanying drawing 20:
Switched reluctance machines has only 4 coil electricities constantly at each, and (12/8 utmost point) must cut off the power supply with coil after rotor magnetic pole aligns when magnetic pole of the stator.Two problems are arranged here, and the utilance of (), solenoid and iron core is 1/3.2/3 coil and iron core are in resting state; (2), actuating coil power conversion utilance is 50%, when magnetic pole of the stator must cut off the power supply with coil after rotor magnetic pole aligns.The complete machine utilance can only accomplish 15%, and in view of this stock utilization of existing switched reluctance motor is very low.
Motor of the present invention, equaling 3 with N is example, 18 magnetic pole of the stator of electromagnetism input stage adopt the three-phase alternating current power supply, and produce rotating magnetic field on stator.Per three magnetic pole of the stator drive a permanent magnet planet rotor during work, just have 9 magnetic poles to finish the conversion of magnetic energy to kinetic energy with respect to 18 magnetic poles on the stator, and utilance is 50%.Three-phase alternating current makes the automatic commutation of magnetic pole of the stator, has caused permanent magnet planet rotor to advance for releasing the effect for drawing.This has just solved the low problem of switched reluctance machines stock utilization.Motor of the present invention is being less than existing switched reluctance machines with the constant power lower volume.
Electric tools of the present invention has following characteristics:
1, volume is little.The output of the low speed high torque of motor of the present invention is to realize by 3Z (I) type planet rotating mechanism.Just first order planetary structure in this process by magnetic pole of the stator, planet rotor magnetic pole, closes the engagement of realization planet tooth with magnetic, gives second utmost point planetary gears by three planet rotating shafts with the transmission of torque of permanent magnet planet rotor rotation and revolution formation again.Because input torque is the 1/i (i is a gearratio) of output torque, for the output torque of aforementioned 2964.96 (Nm), input torque is 64.65 (Nm) when i=46.Improve the frequency of three-phase alternating-current supply, input torque constant (being that motor volume is constant), the gearratio that increases motor self is again adjusted back speed, under equal volume, can improve power of motor density and bigger torque output.This is extremely important for the strict certain applications of volume and weight.
2, speed reducing ratio height.Electrical machinery no-load voltage ratio of the present invention can be chosen in the 20--250 scope, and general single-stage planetary transmission mechanism gearratio is 2.7-9, and wanting to reach 250 gearratio needs the third-level planetary transmission usually.
3, starting current is little.Motor electromagnetism input stage of the present invention has adopted the magnetic resistance principle, and the electric current during startup is identical with switched reluctance machines, and when starting current was 15% rated current, the detent torque of acquisition was 100% nominal torque.
4, good speed adjustment features.Speed adjustable range with non-constant width, net synchronization capability is good, and is simple for the control of rotating speed and torque, uses universal frequency converter just can realize control and adjustment to motor.Be fit to the demanding application scenario of velocity accuracy.
5, be applicable to frequent start-stop and forward and reverse conversion operation.There is not 5-7 starting current doubly in motor of the present invention when starting, the heat that produces in the winding is little, has guaranteed the safe operation of motor.It is fit to as: metal-planing machine, wash bed, elevator traction system.
6, efficient height.The efficient of low-speed permanent-magnet reluctance motor can be greater than 80%.
In mining, metallurgy, oil, transportation, machine-building.A lot of electromechanical equipments all need the output of the big torque of the slow-speed of revolution.Especially main equipment.In the prior art, realize that the output conventional method of low speed high torque is exactly motor acceleration and deceleration devices, when realizing slow-speed of revolution output, often need multi-stage speed-reducing.Motor of the present invention can be applicable to all occasions that need the low speed high torque load, as, the running gear that directly drives cutting drum, coal-winning machine in the coal-winning machine cut system, the cut of development machine part, elevator electricity draw the application of system, the application in the motorized pulleys etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of motor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the B-B profile of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of stator circle;
Fig. 5 is the end view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of magnetic pole of the stator;
Fig. 7 is the end view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of rotor circle;
Fig. 9 is the end view of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of rotor magnetic pole;
Figure 11 is the left view of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is the vertical view of Figure 10;
Figure 13 is the structural representation of planet stent;
Figure 14 is the left view of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is the C-C profile of Figure 13;
Figure 16 is the structural representation of internal gear;
Figure 17 is the D-D profile of Figure 16;
Figure 18 concentrates the syndeton schematic diagram of winding for stator;
Figure 19 divides schematic diagram in the moment of three-phase alternating current;
Figure 20 is the structural representation of existing reluctance motor;
Figure 21 is 3Z (I) type planetary gear drive mechanism schematic diagram;
Among the figure: 1-casing, 2-end cap, 3-stator circle, 4-magnetic pole of the stator, the rotating shaft of 5-planet, 6-planet stent, 7-planetary gear, 8-rotor circle, 9-rotor magnetic pole, 10-internal gear.
Embodiment
Three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor, the end cap 2 that comprises the assembling of casing 1, stator, rotor assembling and casing two ends, the stator assembling constitutes by being fixed in stator circle 3 in the casing, being fixed in 6N on the stator circle (N for more than or equal to 2 natural number) individual magnetic pole of the stator 4 and the concentrated winding on each magnetic pole of the stator; The rotor assembling comprises N (N is the natural number more than or equal to 2) root planet rotating shaft 5, the two ends of planet rotating shaft 5 are provided with planet stent 6, the two ends of each planet rotating shaft through bearings on planet stent 6, be fixed with planet rotor and planetary gear 7 in each planet rotating shaft, planet rotor by rotor circle 8, be fixed in the rotor magnetic pole 9 on the rotor circle and the permanent magnet that is fixed on the rotor magnetic pole constitutes, the pitch of rotor magnetic pole 9 (being the width of rotor magnetic pole pole shoe) equates with the pitch of magnetic pole of the stator 4; Also comprise an internal gear 10, the outer ring of internal gear 10 through bearings in casing 1, its internal tooth is meshed with each planetary gear 7, and an end of internal gear 10 is made shaft extension, shaft extension is stretched out the end cap 2 of a side; The planet stent of planet rotating shaft one end in the rotor assembling through bearings on the end cap of a side, the planet stent of the other end through bearings on internal gear 10; In 6N the concentrated winding, every six continuous concentrated windings are one group, in six concentrated windings of each group, the head end of first concentrated winding links to each other as the A phase winding with the head end of the 4th concentrated winding, the tail end of second concentrated winding links to each other as the C phase winding with the tail end of the 5th concentrated winding, the head end of the 3rd concentrated winding links to each other as the B phase winding with the head end of the 6th concentrated winding, each phase winding in each group is in series or in parallel with each other and form the three-phase stator winding of motor, be that the N group is concentrated in the winding, A phase winding in each group is in series or is in parallel and form the stator A phase winding of motor, C phase winding in each group is in series or is in parallel and form the stator C phase winding of motor, and the B phase winding in each group is in series or is in parallel and form the stator B phase winding syndeton of winding (concentrate as shown in Figure 18) of motor.During concrete enforcement, shown in Figure 10,11,12, have two grooves on the rotor magnetic pole 9, place two neodymium iron boron permanent magnets of polarity axially-aligned in the groove respectively, the magnetic that makes rotor pole surface form S, N, S or N, S, N like this distributes.Shown in Fig. 6,7, also have two grooves on the magnetic pole of the stator 4, be wound with concentrated winding in the groove, after the concentrated like this winding energising, the magnetic that also forms S, N, S or N, S, N on magnetic pole of the stator 4 surfaces distributes.In the form of the aforementioned description course of work, the polarity of magnetic pole of the stator is to be representative with the polarity in the middle of the magnetic pole of the stator surface.

Claims (1)

1. three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor, the end cap (2) that comprises casing (1), stator assembling, rotor assembling and casing two ends, it is characterized by: stator assembling is by being fixed in stator circle (3) in the casing, being fixed in 6N magnetic pole of the stator (4) on the stator circle and the concentrated winding formation on each magnetic pole of the stator, and wherein N is the natural number more than or equal to 2; The rotor assembling comprises N root planet rotating shaft (5), wherein N is the natural number more than or equal to 2, the two ends of planet rotating shaft (5) are provided with planet stent (6), the two ends of each planet rotating shaft through bearings on planet stent (6), be fixed with planet rotor and planetary gear (7) in each planet rotating shaft, planet rotor by rotor circle (8), be fixed in the rotor magnetic pole (9) on the rotor circle and the permanent magnet that is fixed on the rotor magnetic pole constitutes, the pitch of rotor magnetic pole (9) equates with the pitch of magnetic pole of the stator (4); Also comprise an internal gear (10), the outer ring of internal gear (10) through bearings in casing (1), its internal tooth is meshed with each planetary gear (7), and an end of internal gear (10) is made shaft extension, shaft extension is stretched out the end cap (2) of a side; The planet stent of planet rotating shaft one end in the rotor assembling through bearings on the end cap of a side, the planet stent of the other end through bearings on internal gear (10); In 6N the concentrated winding, every six continuous concentrated windings are one group, in six concentrated windings of each group, the head end of first concentrated winding links to each other as the A phase winding with the head end of the 4th concentrated winding, the tail end of second concentrated winding links to each other as the C phase winding with the tail end of the 5th concentrated winding, the head end of the 3rd concentrated winding links to each other as the B phase winding with the head end of the 6th concentrated winding, and each phase winding in each group is in series or in parallel with each other and form the three-phase stator winding of motor.
CN200910227803XA 2009-12-11 2009-12-11 Three-phase alternating current permanent magnet planet rotor magnetic resistance electromotor Expired - Fee Related CN101719703B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102723806A (en) * 2012-07-10 2012-10-10 史炎 Planetary motor
CN102877841B (en) * 2012-09-07 2015-05-20 山西晋煤集团金鼎煤机矿业有限责任公司 Drum-type coal cutter rocker arm
CN103924972A (en) * 2014-04-03 2014-07-16 三一重型装备有限公司 Coal mining machine and traction part thereof
DE102018103527A1 (en) * 2018-02-16 2019-08-22 Lloyd Dynamowerke Gmbh Roller cutter loader and a cutting roller of a roller cutter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2052983U (en) * 1989-09-01 1990-02-14 李灵健 Permanent magnet dc brushless motor with speed reducer
CN2442938Y (en) * 2000-10-11 2001-08-15 俞国民 Electric bicycle with planetary gear differential mechanism
CN200980028Y (en) * 2006-11-21 2007-11-21 崔振忠 A motor with a pallet structure

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2052983U (en) * 1989-09-01 1990-02-14 李灵健 Permanent magnet dc brushless motor with speed reducer
CN2442938Y (en) * 2000-10-11 2001-08-15 俞国民 Electric bicycle with planetary gear differential mechanism
CN200980028Y (en) * 2006-11-21 2007-11-21 崔振忠 A motor with a pallet structure

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