Background technology
Vertical funnel retreats mining codes (VCR mining codes), is also referred to as vertical long hole spheric cartridge retrusive block stoping, obtains using more and more widely just gradually in the coal mining operation.Its used blasting technique is the spheric charge blasting technique, the column charge blasting that this blasting technique is used in the general explosion, rear stress wave mind-set all directions from cartridge bag are evenly propagated because spherical cartridge bag detonates, and after common column cartridge bag detonates, pressure after the blast mainly is to propagate along axis direction, therefore, in the identical situation of the type of explosive and dose, the blasting crater volume of spheric cartridge is four times of column cartridge bag, thus aspect the utilizing of energy relatively fully, demolition effect is good.In addition, because in these mining codes, the work such as its usual boring, powder charge and explosion all concentrate on the same space scope of operation to be carried out, the workmen needn't enter stope or driving face, so operation process is safe and reliable.
Generally when this kind mining, in the time of explosion, the hole bottom plug in the big gun hole that will bore in advance first is good, then load onto sand, lights explosion after loading onto at last spheric cartridge.And, the level course ore that each all explosions are a section 4 meters, like this, recovery process just can be according to layering, the order of working face is carried out explosion and mining etc. stage by stage.
Because different from traditional column charge blasting, when spherical charge blasting, if powder charge is not in place in the powder charge process, be easy to cause the bottom, hole after the explosion to form up-narrow and down-wide inverted tubaeform shape, the clipping power that the bore channel district area that adds spheric cartridge is little, explosion produces is large, and these factors have all increased the weight of the increase at above-mentioned horn mouth position.If do not carry out subsequent adjustment for above-mentioned situation, be easy in next bursting work, cause the explosion failure, and then can not successfully finish bursting work.
Therefore, before charging next time, need in advance shape and the pitch-row of boring to be measured, common hole measuring method is that the terminal part at lining rope is the flexible pipe of a stone and a 0.4m, stone and flexible pipe are hung down from the top that faces boring, make flexible pipe horizontal in big gun hole bottom and then directly read the reading of lining rope, and then adjust next step operation according to above-mentioned reading.Obviously, said method is more coarse and inaccurate measuring method, can not measure exactly the size of horn section, also can't judge whether to exist horn section, and then can not accurately control follow-up blast charging operation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art point, its purpose is to provide a kind of blast hole measuring device and measuring method thereof, can accurately measure the height of the horn section of blast hole bottom, and then judge exactly in the blast hole bottom whether be formed with horn mouth.
To achieve these goals, the bright a kind of blast hole measuring device that provides of we comprises: be with graduated lining rope; The first measuring staff is being fixedly connected with described lining rope at the one end, is fixedly connected with the measuring staff connection cord at the other end; The second measuring staff has the length larger than the length of the first measuring staff, and section is being fixedly connected with the other end of described measuring staff connection cord in the central; Acoustical generator, inside is cavity structure, can sound when touching sidewall, is fixedly connected with described acoustical generator connection cord at the central portion of described the second measuring staff and the central portion of described acoustical generator; And wire clamp, be arranged on the central portion of described the first measuring staff, described lining rope and measuring staff connection cord are fixedly clamped in the central authorities of this first measuring staff.
In addition, preferably, described acoustical generator is that an end is the cylindrical shape of cone shape.
In addition, preferably, described the first measuring staff and the second measuring staff are made of bent or crooked elastomeric material.
In addition, preferably, described wire clamp is fixedly installed on the central portion of described the first measuring staff, perhaps is removably disposed in the central portion of described the first measuring staff.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of blast hole measuring method, utilize the horn section height of the blast hole measuring device measurement blast hole bottom of said structure, it may further comprise the steps: measurement mechanism lowering step, along the downward lowering measurement mechanism of blast hole, acoustical generator, the second measuring staff and first measuring staff of described measurement mechanism are fallen successively, until the first measuring staff drops to the bottom of blast hole with upper/lower positions; Measuring process is slowly mentioned lining rope for the first time, arrives and locks on sidewall until be in described first measuring staff of level, reads the first length value that shows on the lining rope of this moment; Measuring process continues to strengthen lifting force for the second time, and described lining rope and measuring staff connection cord are come off from wire clamp, carries described lining rope on then continuing, until described the second measuring staff locks on sidewall, reads the second length value that shows on the described lining rope of this moment; Horn section high computational step is utilized described the first length value and the second length value, calculates the height H of the horn section that forms in the blast hole bottom according to following mathematical expression 1:
H=L1-L2-2a-b (mathematical expression 1)
Wherein, L1 represents described the first length value L 1, and L2 represents described the second length value, and a represents the length of the first measuring staff 1, and b represents to measure described the first measuring staff under the original state and the vertical range between the second measuring staff.
In addition, preferably, in described measurement mechanism lowering step, the sound that sends during according to described acoustical generator touching sidewall judges whether measurement mechanism arrives the bottom of blast hole with upper/lower positions.
Said structure according to the blast hole measuring device that the present invention relates to, its simple in structure and processing ease, only need to implement twice measurement, just can calculate exactly the height of the horn section that forms in the blast hole bottom, simultaneously, in transferring the process of measurement mechanism, can judge at an easy rate whether arrive blast hole the bottom with upper/lower positions.The operator can judge the bell-mouthed shape in bottom and pitch-row, the workmen can in time regulate for the result of above-mentioned measurement, the height of powder charge and explosive payload when adjusting next time explosion, economy has simply solved again a more thorny difficult problem in the VCR mining codes, obtained preferably technique effect, in similar mining codes, be worthy of popularization.
The specific embodiment
Below, with specific embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the figure of the concrete structure of the blast hole measuring device that the present invention relates to of expression.As shown in the drawing, the blast hole measuring device that the present invention relates to comprise with graduated lining rope 701, have shorter length the first measuring staff 1, have the second measuring staff 2 of length and the inside that can sound is the acoustical generator 3 of cavity when touching sidewall.Wherein, the end of this lining rope 701 is fixedly connected on an end of this first measuring staff 1, is fixedly connected with an end of measuring staff connection cord 702 at the other end of this first measuring staff 1, and the other end of this measuring staff connection cord 702 is fixedly connected on the central authorities of the second measuring staff 2.In addition, be connected by acoustical generator connection cord 703 between this second measuring staff 2 and the acoustical generator 3, wherein, the two ends of this acoustical generator connection cord 703 are fixedly connected on respectively the central portion of this second measuring staff 2 and acoustical generator 3.
Moreover, be provided with wire clamp 4 at the central portion of measuring staff 1, be fixedly clamped in the central authorities of this first measuring staff 1 after by this wire clamp 4 that lining rope 701 and measuring staff connection cord 702 is stretching.At this moment, the part of lining rope 701 is close to half length part of the first measuring staff 1, and the part of measuring staff connection cord 2 is close to second half length part of the first measuring staff 1.And this wire clamp 4 when the pulling force of lining rope 701 is larger, can make lining rope 701 and measuring staff connection cord 702 come off from wire clamp 4 simultaneously when can clamping lining rope 701 and measuring staff connection cord 70.This wire clamp 4 can be dismountable structure, also can be the structure that is fixedly mounted on the first measuring staff.
In addition, the length of the first measuring staff 1 and the second measuring staff 2, generally can carry out observation analysis according to slotting effect on-the-spot after the explosion determines, because therefore 0.3~the 0.8m that typically has a diameter from that horn section is fallen in the bottom of blast hole supposes that in the present embodiment the length of the first measuring staff 1 is the length 0.8m of 0.3m, the second measuring staff 2.Certainly, the length of this first measuring staff 1 and the second measuring staff 2 can be selected according to the cross section diameter of the blast hole horn section in practice of construction.
In addition, the inside of acoustical generator 3 is cavity structure, and when touching sidewall in explosion decline process in the air, acoustical generator 3 can send sound, in order to remind the gauger.This acoustical generator 3 also is not limited to cavity structure, so long as it is just passable to send the device of sound can touch sidewall the time.In addition, in order successfully to mention this acoustical generator 3 from blast hole, preferably this acoustical generator 3 is that an end is the cylindrical shape of cone structure.
The gauger is provided with size scale at lining rope 701, so that can when this blast hole measuring device is in different depth, also can read this degree of depth.
In addition, the first measuring staff 1 and the second measuring staff 2 are preferably made by elastomeric material flexible or bending, hard rubber leather hose for example is in order to measuring when measurement mechanism being promoted from blast hole after finishing, so that this first measuring staff 1 or the second measuring staff 2 are raised up with the state of suitable bending or bending.
Below, describe the measuring method of height of the horn section of the blast hole measuring device actual measurement blast hole bottom utilize said structure in detail.
Fig. 2 is that the blast hole measuring device that expression utilization the present invention relates to carries out for the first time schematic diagram of measurement; Fig. 3 is that the blast hole measuring device that expression utilization the present invention relates to carries out for the second time schematic diagram of measurement; Fig. 4 is the flow chart of each step of the expression blast hole measuring method that the present invention relates to survey.
At first, at step S102, operating personnel put down blast hole measuring device of the present invention along blast hole.At this moment, acoustical generator 3, the second measuring staff 2 and the first measuring staff 1 put down successively, and because the length of acoustical generator 3 is a bit larger tham the internal diameter of blast hole, therefore, this acoustical generator 3 can constantly touch sidewall and send sound in putting down process.At this moment, the gauger who is positioned at the top just can judge the bottom that measurement mechanism does not also arrive blast hole according to the sound that acoustical generator 3 sends.
When bottom that acoustical generator 3 arrives blast holes during with upper/lower positions, owing to there is horn section, it is large that inner diameter becomes, and sound is not sent in acoustical generator 3 touchings less than sidewall, thereby the gauger just can judge the bottom that measurement mechanism has arrived blast hole.Then, continue to put down lining rope, make the second measuring staff 2 and the first measuring staff 1 also arrive the following position, bottom of blast hole.At this moment, because lining rope 701 and measuring staff connection cord 702 are separately fixed at the central portion of the first measuring staff 1 and the second measuring staff 2, therefore the first measuring staff 1 and the second measuring staff 2 become level naturally.
Then, carry out for the first time measuring process S103.At this moment, the gauger slowly mentions lining rope 701 lightly until the first measuring staff 1 is stuck in till the horn section of blast hole bottom.Will note promoting strength in this process can not be excessive, guarantee that lining rope 1 and measuring staff connection cord 702 do not break away from from wire clamp 4.At this moment, as shown in Figure 1, less 51 places, position of diameter of the first measuring staff 1 arrival horn section are also blocked, and the gauger reads the first length value L 1 of lining rope 701 at this moment and writes down.
Then, carry out for the second time measuring process S104.The gauger reads and writes down after the first length value L 1, continues to strengthen the pulling force lifting measurement device, and then lining rope 1 and measuring staff connection cord 2 break away from from wire clamp 4 because being subject to larger pulling force.At this moment, as shown in Figure 3, one end of the first measuring staff 1 that connects with lining rope 701 can rise, the other end of the first measuring staff 1 is sagging because of gravity, thereby make the first measuring staff 1 continue vertical lifting along blast hole, and the second measuring staff 2 can still keep level to rise, until this second measuring staff 2 arrives and locks at larger 52 places, position of the diameter of horn section, the gauger reads the second length value L 2 of lining rope 701 at this moment and writes down.
Afterwards, continue to strengthen the pulling force of lining rope 1, until the second measuring staff 2 bends or bends distortion, at this moment, the second measuring staff 2 after the distortion can rise by blast hole.Moreover, because an end of acoustical generator 3 is cone structure, therefore also can successfully enters in the blast hole and be raised, thereby, the blast hole measuring device that the present invention relates to can finally be regained.
At last, carry out the step S105 of the height that calculates horn section.Namely, utilize the first length value L 1 and the second length value L 2 that have recorded, the length a of the first measuring staff 1 of setting in advance, and the first measuring staff 1 under the measurement original state and the distance b between the second measuring staff 2, draw the height H of the bottom horn section of blast hole according to following mathematical expression 1, the difference in height between the stuck position of the stuck position of the first measuring staff 1 when namely measuring for the first time and the second measuring staff 2 when measuring for the second time.
H=L1-L2-2a-b (mathematical expression 1)
Thus, utilize blast hole measuring device provided by the invention to carry out 2 times and measure the height that just can draw horn section, and, by means of the first known measuring staff 1 and the length of the second measuring staff 2, just can tentatively judge the bell-mouthed general shape in bottom, thereby follow-up charge explosion has been produced a reference, and the handled easily personnel carry out next step construction.
It should be noted that, because this kind measuring method, must guarantee that the first measuring staff 1 and the second measuring staff 2 are when measuring horn mouth 5, be in the direction of level, therefore, must guarantee that lining rope 701 and the first measuring staff, the junction of the second measuring staff, fixing point 6 all are to be in above the same plumb line.
Because after having taked above-mentioned blast hole measuring device and measuring method, have or not horn mouth and horn mouth height at the bottom of can judging comparatively exactly the hole, not only economy but also simply solved a more thorny difficult problem in the VCR mining codes had obtained preferably technique effect, was worthy of popularization in similar mining codes.
It should be noted that, although utilize the technical characterictic identical with concrete structural element etc. and embodiment and the figure of restriction that the present invention has been described, but this is just in order to help comprehend the present invention, the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, all can carry out numerous variations and distortion by above-mentioned record one of ordinary skill in the art of the present invention.
Therefore; thought of the present invention is not limited to embodiment described above, and thought category of the present invention not only comprises the scope of claims record, also comprises with claim being equal to or distortion of equal value; any change and distortion in this scope all drops within protection scope of the present invention.