CN101714158A - Image searching method based on MPEG7 standards - Google Patents
Image searching method based on MPEG7 standards Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an image searching method based on MPEG7 standards, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) extracting characteristics of a reference image submitting a searching requirement or description information, and standardizing the characteristics according to the MPEG7 standards to acquire the characteristic description information of the searching requirement; and (2) by utilizing the characteristic description information acquired in the step (1), searching in the XML index which is standardized according to the MPEG7 standards to acquire searching results or target images in a multimedia library. The method greatly reduces the computation complexity; and the mode of simultaneously searching multiple media characteristics can be adopted in the searching process, thereby improving the searching efficiency and the searching accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image information processing, be specifically related to a kind of image search method based on the MPEG7 standard.
Background technology
Along with the rapid expansion of picture on network information, brought challenge for traditional search theory to the retrieval of this partial information.Because image is different from text, text itself just can illustrate the content of being said, image then needs by people's understanding separately its implication to be described, so image retrieval is much more difficult compared with the inquiry and the coupling of text.And the most frequently used image or other media information retrieval remain based on the text index in the prior art.This method depends on manually carries out index to image or multimedia messages, not only waste time and energy, and the information of index is often not comprehensive, inaccurate; In addition, because index operator's subjective deviation, different people is to the understanding difference of identical image or other medium, causes the index information of image or other medium can not objectively respond the actual content and the feature of image.So, retrieving images or multimedia messages in this way in the prior art, the low-down phenomenon of ubiquity retrieval success ratio.
Also there are some common feature indexing methods in the prior art based on image or other media contents (visual signature), this method usually when design of graphics picture or media library a certain feature to image or other medium extract, and when retrieval carried out feature extraction and calculation to retrieving images, the eigenwert that needs repeated calculation and comparison object image and searching object during this makes and retrieves, growth along with searching object index storehouse, the calculated amount of retrieval strengthens greatly, the response time of retrieval increases greatly, and recall precision is lower.
International Organization for Standardization begins one's study and propose in October, 1998 in October, 1996, MPEG-7 is finally finished and announced to calendar year 2001---Multimedia Content Description Interface (MultimediaContent Description Interface), its target is exactly to produce a kind of standard of describing multimedia content data, satisfy in real time, non real-time and push-and-pull demands of applications, it both had been different from based on waveform with based on the expression mode such as MPEG-1 and the MPEG-2 that compress, be different from object-based expression mode such as MPEG-4 again, describe but will carry out standardization various dissimilar multimedia messagess, and should describe with described content and interrelate, to realize search fast and effectively.
The target of MPEG-7 is to support the description of multiple audio frequency and vision, comprises free text, N dimension space-time structure, statistical information, objective attribute, subjective attribute, production attribute and combined information.For visual information, description will comprise color, visual object, texture, sketch, shape, volume, spatial relationship, motion and distortion etc.In addition, according to the abstraction hierarchy of information, a kind of method of describing multimedia materials is provided so as the user on the expression different levels to the demand of information.With the vision content is example, and low level of abstraction will comprise the description of shape, size, texture, color, motion (track) and position.Low level of abstraction for audio frequency comprises that tone, mode, velocity of sound, velocity of sound change, the sound space position.Toply will provide semantic information: as " this is a scene: duck is just dodging behind a tree and having an automobile to pass through just behind the scenes." level of abstraction is relevant with the mode of extracting feature: many low-level features can extract in mode fully automatically, and high-level characteristic needs more people's reciprocation.MPEG-7 also allows to remove to retrieve voice data according to the inquiry that vision is described, otherwise too.MPEG-7 supports the dirigibility of data management, the globalization and the interoperability of data resource.
The standardized scope of MPEG-7 comprises: a series of descriptor (Descriptor) (descriptor is the representation of feature, syntax and semantics that descriptor is exactly a defined feature); A series of description scheme (Description Schemes) (describing structure and semanteme between the member in detail); A kind of language, Description Definition Language (DDL) that describes description scheme in detail; One or more describing methods of encoding.Descriptor is meant and is used for defining and expressing the entity sentence structure or the grammer of feature in a certain respect.Expressing entity is made of characteristic identifier (as color) and data type (as character string) etc.Data type can be " compound ", both can be made of the combination of several data types, also can come " description " feature by several descriptors.Description scheme is to be made of one or more descriptors and description scheme, and description scheme has been stipulated the structure and the grammer of they mutual relationships.A kind of language of description scheme is Description Definition Language DDL (Description Definition Language).It is a kind of medelling language, is a kind of sign to the audio, video data modeling result.DDL has stipulated the descriptive tool of MPEG, comprises descriptor and description scheme, and the rule that descriptor is configured to description scheme is provided.DDL also allow simultaneously expansion DS. descriptive tool in the definition special applications by DDL by instantiation, and be described with text formatting (XML).
One of MPEG-7 regulation is used to describe the standard set of the descriptor of various dissimilar multimedia messagess.The MPEG-7 standardization will be expanded the limited ability of the special-purpose solution of existing content recognition, and particularly it has also comprised the more data type.This for can conduct interviews expeditiously, interactive operation and demonstration multimedia messages provide may.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of image search method based on the MPEG7 standard, solved in the prior art based on text index retrieval and need expend lot of manpower and material resources and the retrieval hit rate is lower, and longer based on the feature index retrieval response time of image or other media contents (visual signature), recall precision is hanged down inferior problem.
In order to solve these problems of the prior art, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of image search method based on the MPEG7 standard is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
(1) benchmark image of Search Requirement or the feature of descriptor are submitted in extraction, and feature is carried out standardization by the MPEG7 standard, obtain the feature description information of Search Requirement;
(2) retrieve in the XML index of feature description information after the MPEG7 standardization that utilizes step (1) to obtain, obtain result for retrieval or target image in the multimedia gallery.
Preferably, the middle descriptor of described method step (1) is selected from outline line, the sketch of literal, information flow or the hand drawn of describing target image.
Preferably, the step of carrying out the MPEG7 standardization in the described method step (1) comprises the MPEG7 standard of utilizing, and analyzes formation standard to describe information according to the MPEG7 standard behind the element of extraction benchmark image or the size of descriptor, color, texture, profile, the shape facility.
Preferably, searching step is single characteristic information retrieval or the retrieval of various features informix in the described step (2).
Preferably, the XML index of multimedia gallery makes up by following steps in the described step (2):
A, utilize the MPEG7 standard that element and description information of image in the image in the media library are analyzed, extract the size of element, color, texture, profile, shape facility form standard to describe information;
B, to standard to describe information set up the XML mode index and the storage.
Preferably, when standard to describe information is simple data type, directly be recorded in the XML index in the described method; When standard to describe information is complex data type, a recording storage information in the XML index, described standard to describe information is carried out non-XML index stores.
Preferably, non-XML index stores is selected from local hard drive, database storing or the network storage in the described method.
Preferably, described simple data type is the data type of the standard to describe information of sign title or size characteristic; Described complex data type is the data type of the standard to describe information of sign texture or contour feature.
Preferably, the color characteristic of the described benchmark image of submitting Search Requirement or descriptor extracts and adopts the color histogram method to extract; The textural characteristics of benchmark image or descriptor extracts by the LBPBH method.
Concrete, set up an image or media library, utilize the MPEG7 standard, element in the storehouse is analyzed, extract the size of element, the standard to describe information of features such as color, texture, profile, shape, and set up the index of XML mode;
To each information,, select different storage modes according to the difference of data volume: simple information category features such as title, size, directly in record and the XML index; And the information bigger to data volumes such as texture, profiles can be selected exterior storage, modes such as the database storing or the network storage, a recording storage information in the XML index;
When retrieving, only need utilize the XML index, according to selected different storage policies, the required feature description information of obtaining that just can be very fast is retrieved comparison.
At different Search Requirements, provide different search strategies:
1. provide benchmark image, same or analogous object in the retrieval media library.
At first use MPEG7 standard analysis figure, obtain the characteristic information of benchmark image; Use these characteristic informations as search condition then, directly in the current media storehouse, carry out the retrieval of characteristic information.Can select to use the method that a kind of feature is retrieved separately or various features is retrieved simultaneously, obtain identical or close media library element.
2. the descriptor of target is provided.
These information can be literal, the outline line of information flow or hand drawn, sketch or the like.These descriptors of standardization utilize above-mentioned similar method to retrieve fast.
With respect to scheme of the prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1. technical solution of the present invention so the description of the invention substandard is unified, does not have artificial subjective deviation because adopt unified MEPG7 standard; And when retrieval, only the characteristic information to target image or other medium calculates once, and all characteristic informations in searching object storehouse all directly utilize the XML index directly to extract, and need not recomputate, and so just greatly reduce computation complexity; Because in the media library is not the single feature of document image,, effectiveness of retrieval and accuracy have also been improved so when retrieval, can adopt the mode of the common retrieval of multiple media characteristic.
2, technical scheme of the present invention is than classic method, and this method has reduced double counting and the system loss in the retrieving greatly, effectively raises recall precision and accuracy.Method of the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of triangular web platform, so can be applied among the application of cross platform system.
In sum, the present invention is based on MPEG7 standard and XML Data Interchange Technology, utilize the size of having extracted image or other medium in advance, the standard to describe information bank of features such as color, texture, profile, shape comes image or other medium are retrieved fast.This method can be applied in a plurality of fields, for example designs publishing business, can utilize this method to manage the picture material database; The laboratory can be used for carrying out collection of illustrative plates identification and management automatically; System such as police service, occurrences in human life can be used to carry out the management of visual archives.Simultaneously, this method can also be extended to other multimedia form easily, and the various resources of video, film, music, voice, sound or the like can manage with the method.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described:
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of the embodiment of the invention based on the image search method of MPEG7 standard;
Fig. 2 carries out the method flow diagram of image index based on the MPEG7 standard for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the invention image texture characteristic extracting method process flow diagram;
Fig. 4 carries out the retrieval main line process flow diagram of image retrieval based on the MPEG7 standard for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 carries out the retrieval implementation method process flow diagram of image retrieval based on the MPEG7 standard for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment such scheme is described further.Should be understood that these embodiment are used to the present invention is described and are not limited to limit the scope of the invention.The implementation condition that adopts among the embodiment can be done further adjustment according to the condition of concrete producer, and not marked implementation condition is generally the condition in the normal experiment.
Embodiment image index storehouse---the foundation and the retrieving of registered trademark login searching system
As Fig. 1～the Figure 5 shows that foundation and the retrieving process flow diagram in the image index storehouse of present embodiment, present embodiment is realized registered trademark login searching system according to above-mentioned flow process.
(1) foundation in image index storehouse
As shown in Figure 2, set up an image or media library, utilize the MPEG7 standard, element in the storehouse is analyzed, extract the size of element, features such as color, texture, profile, shape, and these features are carried out the MPEG7 standard be described standardization and form standard to describe information are with the index of these standard to describe information architectures XML mode of image; Concrete, standard to describe information is stored, title, size information directly write down and the XML index in, texture, profile store in the default local disk, recording storage information and address in the XML index.
Fig. 3 is a concrete grammar flow process of setting up XML image index storehouse.At the characteristics of trademark image, select for use color histogram to describe its color characteristic, use LBPBH (local binary pattern basedhistogram) method to extract image texture features.In the present embodiment, these colors and texture information will be stored the assigned address at disk, and the XML index is charged in the memory location of information.Because registered trademark and pattern have its special symbolical meanings, so append text description information such as trade (brand) name, registrant, hour of log-on.These information contents are fairly simple, will directly charge to the XML index with information such as image sizes together.
The extraction of color characteristic is via following process:
In order correctly to use color. need set up color model.When the color space of selecting for use had N fundamental quantity, the color model of being set up was exactly a N-D coordinate system.The color characteristic of present embodiment extracts and can adopt following process to carry out:
Carry out color space conversion, forward image to the HSV space from rgb space; HSV is quantized.Directly describing image with the histogram in HSV space will have very big redundancy, therefore generally all can quantize the HSV space, and the color that quantizes the back entire image can be represented with 162 kinds of (18 * 3 * 3) colors; Calculate normalized histogram, thereby obtain the number percent that every kind of color accounts for image.Shades of colour by its corresponding number percent descending sort, is obtained main color with this sequence, satisfies one of P 〉=5% or ∑ P≤60% two condition, then this color as main color.So just can retrieve by the similarity of color.
The extraction of textural characteristics is via following plurality of processes:
1, the gray processing of image: the conversion chromatic image is a gray level image
2, the quantification of image: the number of greyscale levels of gray level image is reduced to 32 dimensions by 256 dimensions
3, the foundation of local mode: the local mode that uses improved LBP Algorithm Analysis image
4, overall histogrammic foundation: use image segmentation progression to make up overall histogram
Concrete, as shown in Figure 3, earlier image is carried out gray processing and handle, coloured image is converted to gray level image, then this gray level image is quantized, the number of greyscale levels of gray level image is reduced to 32 dimensions by 256 dimensions; Carry out analyzing and processing according to improved LBP algorithm then: all non-edge pixel points on the scanning gray image, (with 3 * 3 rectangular areas is example to generate the field two-value table of each pixel, with its center pixel gray-scale value is threshold value, relatively the size of the gray-scale value of 8 pixels of its neighborhood produces this regional binary mode).
Next carry out the data processing of field two-value table, present embodiment belongs to the flat pattern by the field two-value table that judges whether pixel, when the field of pixel two-value table does not belong to plane mode (flat pattern), 1 frequency appears in the field two-value table of calculating pixel, when its frequency less than 3 the time, the field two-value table of pixel is carried out homogenization handles (uniform pattern), the uniform pattern that mark is concrete, generate statistic histogram, make up overall histogram by statistic histogram; Otherwise when its frequency greater than 3 the time, be labeled as mixed mode, generate statistic histogram and make up overall histogram.When the field of pixel two-value table belonged to the flat pattern, directly mark flat pattern generated statistic histogram in addition.
To the characteristic information that extracts, set up similar following XML index, the information of simple types is directly charged to, complex information recording storage position.
<？xml?version＝″1.0″encoding＝″shift_jis″？>
-<Mpeg7 xmlns＝″urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001″
xmlns:xsi＝″http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance″
xmlns:mpeg7＝″urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001″ xmlns:ms?s＝″urn:mss″
xsi:schemaLocation＝″urn:mss?mss.xsd″>
-<Description?xsi:type＝″ContentEntityType″>
-<MultimediaContent?xsi:type＝″MSSImageType″>
-<mss:MSSImage>
-<MediaLocator>
<MediaUri>\...\Pics\Audi.jpg</MediaUri>
</MediaLocator>
-<StillRegion?xsi:type＝″ImageTextType″textType＝″scene″>
-<SpatialLocator>
<Box?mpeg7:dim＝″4″>0?0?128?128</Box>
</SpatialLocator>
</StillRegion>
-<mss:MSSMetaData>
<mss:Brand>Audi</mss:Brand>
<mss:RegisterYear>2008</mss:RegisterYear>
<mss:Producer>Audi</mss:Producer>
<mss:ProduceArea/>
<mss:Counts>Audi</mss:Counts>
</mss:MSSMetaData>
-<mss:MSSColorData>
<mss:Path>\...\ColorData\Audi.cod</mss:Path>
</mss:MSSColorData>
-<mss:MSSLbpData>
<mss:Path>\...\LbpData\Audi.lbp</mss:Path>
</mss:MSSLbpData>
</mss:MSSImage>
...
</MultimediaContent>
</Description>
</Mpeg7>
(2) retrieving
When retrieving,, utilize the XML index to retrieve comparison according to selected different storage policies.
At first, obtain the characteristic information of benchmark image with MPEG7 standard analysis figure and the descriptor that target is provided; Use these characteristic informations as search condition then, directly in the current media storehouse, carry out the retrieval of characteristic information.Can select to use the method that a kind of feature is retrieved separately or various features is retrieved simultaneously, obtain identical or close media library element.
Concrete, this system utilizes the feature database of existing registered trademark at the trade mark design information that newly has, and can check whether there has been same or analogous design fast.
Common retrieval main line process is extracted by searching object being carried out retrieval character as shown in Figure 4, forms expression formula for search, is delivered to retrieval module and handles.Retrieval module receives the content of expression formula for search, and is clipped to different positions according to the information type branch of expression formula for search and retrieves.When content retrieved in the expression formula for search was information such as simple data type such as title, size, literal, retrieval module was directly retrieved in XML, and result for retrieval is shown in terminal by the ordering of similarity size order; During content informations such as the texture that central content retrieved is complex data type such as image, color, layout, retrieve relevant content location among the present XML of retrieval module, and the file of memory location is shown by the ordering of similarity size order and at searching terminal.
The trade mark searching system of present embodiment adopts the chi of simplifying to calculate the similarity of two images apart from method.
D(A，B)＝∑i(|Ai-Bi|/(Ai+Bi))
So that benchmark image to be provided is example, retrieving specifically as shown in Figure 5, behind input reference image or the benchmark image, searching system is extracted the characteristic information of benchmark image, as features such as size, title, color, textures, and these features are carried out being submitted to after the XML standardization retrieval module of searching system, retrieval module reads the XML index of all images at all images in the image library, judges retrieve position by the XML index.When the information of submitting is simple information, directly read relevant information in the XML index, calculate the similarity of relevant information and the information of submitting in the XML index, to the similarity value sort handle after, retrieval module extracts image in the image library related with relevant information in the XML index, and shows result for retrieval by the similarity size order.When the information of submitting is complex information, retrieval module is pressed the memory location of XML index search characteristics of image, be stored as example with local hard drive, retrieval module visit local hard drive, read relevant complex information, calculate the similarity of the information of submitting and relevant complex information, the similarity value is sorted after the processing, retrieval module extract with the XML index in image in the related image library of relevant complex information, and press similarity size order demonstration result for retrieval.
Above-mentioned example only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the people who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All equivalent transformations that spirit is done according to the present invention or modification all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. image search method based on the MPEG7 standard is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
(1) benchmark image of Search Requirement or the feature of descriptor are submitted in extraction, and feature is carried out standardization by the MPEG7 standard, obtain the feature description information of Search Requirement;
(2) retrieve in the XML index of feature description information after the MPEG7 standardization that utilizes step (1) to obtain, obtain result for retrieval or target image in the multimedia gallery.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the middle descriptor of described method step (1) is selected from outline line, the sketch of literal, information flow or the hand drawn of describing target image.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the step of carrying out the MPEG7 standardization in the described method step (1) comprises the MPEG7 standard of utilizing, analyze formation standard to describe information according to the MPEG7 standard behind the element of extraction benchmark image or the size of descriptor, color, texture, profile, the shape facility.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that searching step is single characteristic information retrieval or the retrieval of various features informix in the described step (2).
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the XML index of multimedia gallery in the described step (2) makes up by following steps:
A, utilize the MPEG7 standard that element and description information of image in the image in the media library are analyzed, extract the size of element, color, texture, profile, shape facility form standard to describe information;
B, to standard to describe information set up the XML mode index and the storage.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the described method directly being recorded in the XML index when standard to describe information is simple data type; When standard to describe information is complex data type, a recording storage information in the XML index, described standard to describe information is carried out non-XML index stores.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that non-XML index stores is selected from local hard drive, database storing or the network storage in the described method.
8. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that the data type of described simple data type for the standard to describe information of sign title or size characteristic; Described complex data type is the data type of the standard to describe information of sign texture or contour feature.
9. method according to claim 1, the color characteristic that it is characterized in that the described benchmark image of submitting Search Requirement or descriptor extracts and adopts the color histogram method to extract; The textural characteristics of benchmark image or descriptor extracts by the LBPBH method.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102226908A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-10-26 | 苏州两江科技有限公司 | Face discrimination method based on MPEG-7 |
| CN102508901A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 康佳集团股份有限公司 | Content-based massive image search method and content-based massive image search system |
| CN104102631A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-15 | 云联（北京）信息技术有限公司 | Data detection method and data detection system based on cloud game |
| CN106844551A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 全民互联科技（天津）有限公司 | Trademark application success rate automatic analysis method and system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN110349223A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device of image procossing |
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2009
- 2009-12-22 CN CN 200910186803 patent/CN101714158A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102226908A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-10-26 | 苏州两江科技有限公司 | Face discrimination method based on MPEG-7 |
| CN102508901A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 康佳集团股份有限公司 | Content-based massive image search method and content-based massive image search system |
| CN104102631A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-15 | 云联（北京）信息技术有限公司 | Data detection method and data detection system based on cloud game |
| CN106844551A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 全民互联科技（天津）有限公司 | Trademark application success rate automatic analysis method and system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN110349223A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device of image procossing |
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Open date: 20100526 |