CN101710632A - Method for recovering and restoring anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for recovering and restoring anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering and restoring anode material graphite of a waste lithium ion battery, which belongs to the technical fields of resource cyclic utilization and inorganic material restoration. The method comprises the following steps: (1) separating graphite from copper foil to obtain crude anode material graphite; (2) removing lithium, copper and other metallic impurities in the crude anode material graphite; (3) removing acetylene black and residual organic substances, oxidizing the surface of the graphite; and (4) coating and surface-finishing. The tap density of the graphite obtained in the invention reaches 1.07 g/cm<3>; the first discharge capacity is 335.7 mAb/g; the first charge-discharge efficiency is 90.5%; after circulations for 54 times, the capacity conservation rate is 97.23%; and the properties of the graphite obtained in the invention correspond to the properties of graphite of lithium ion batteries in the market. The invention has the advantages of high graphite recovery rate, high raw material purity, simple technology, low energy consumption and the like, has economic benefit, and also has social benefit of saving finite graphite resources, reducing environmental pollution and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the recovery technique of resource circulation utilization and inorganic material, relate to a kind of recovery and restorative procedure of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery.
Background technology
At present, the graphite that is used for lithium ion battery anode material mainly contains two kinds, modified natural graphite and Delanium.The preparation technology of modified natural graphite is generally coarse crushing-attritioning-acid-alkali washing-flotation-oven dry-spheroidization processing-classification-purifying-oven dry-mixing/doping-charing-graphitization-screening, and the technical process of Delanium is material asphalt etc.-thermal polycondensation-extracting-charing-graphitization-screening.No matter be all will be in the modified natural graphite or the preparation process of Delanium through the graphitizing process of temperature more than 2800 ℃, thus the equipment requirements harshness, the energy consumption height.Compare with Delanium, modified natural graphite is at chemical property and all have superiority in price.But graphite resource is limited, and fixed carbon content is 2.34%~34.55% in the graphite deposit ore, average out to about 7.4%; And the graphitic carbon content that reclaims in the waste and old lithium ion battery pole piece is more than 85%, is higher than the grade of graphite ore far away.Resource circulation utilization not only can be saved a large amount of graphite mineral resources, and can reduce energy resource consumption significantly, preserves the ecological environment.
It is reported that the output of global lithium ion battery in 2008 is about 3,000,000,000, and development in recent years is rapid, output increases severely year by year with 20% annual growth rate, and China is the maximum lithium battery producing country in the whole world, accounts for 45% of global total output.Lithium ion battery is running stores, and lithium ion battery average life span 2-3, battery of mobile phone also often discard because of the renewal of mobile phone, and its useful life is shorter.To the end of the year 2011, the lithium ion battery of being produced in 2008 will all lose efficacy, if press battery average quality 40 restrain/, then only the used Li ion cell of China just has 5.4 ten thousand tons.Contain a large amount of graphite and heavy metal cobalt, nickel, manganese in the waste and old lithium ion battery, the electrolyte lithium hexafluoro phosphate, organic solvent etc., unprocessed abandoning, can cause serious and lasting pollution to surrounding environment such as soil, underground water etc., ecological and human health are had bigger potential hazard, belong to dangerous solid waste, must carry out harmless treatment.The recovery industrialization of heavy metal cobalt in the cathode plate of lithium ion battery and nickel, but the recovery of lithium ion battery anode graphite or blank out.
Increase gradually along with the lithium ion battery consumption, the amount of waste and old lithium ion battery also increases year by year, if account for 15% estimation of total cell weight by graphite, to the end of the year 2011, only China's silicon/carbon/graphite in lithium ion batteries weight of scrapping is about 8100 tons, add the graphite waste material and the leftover pieces of large-sized battery enterprise, anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery will be an inexhaustible huge graphite mine.Therefore, the recovery of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery will have good prospect and benefit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention has provided a kind of recovery and restorative procedure of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery, is used to realize the recovery and the reparation of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery, and this technology is simple, safety and environmental protection.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of recovery of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery and restorative procedure is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) separate graphite: place 60-90 ℃ water to wash the waste and old lithium ion battery anode strip, and impose stirring, make Copper Foil separate with graphite, more after filtration, dry, sieve the graphite thick product of particle below 150 μ m;
2) metal impurities in the thick product of removal graphite: the thick product of anode material graphite is soaked in the inorganic acid that is added with oxidant, is used to remove metal impurities, refilter, oven dry; Described metal impurities comprise lithium and copper metal impurities; Described oxidant is sodium chlorate or hydrogen peroxide, and inorganic acid is a kind of in sulfuric acid and the hydrochloric acid, and density of sodium chlorate is 0.3-0.5mol/L, and inorganic acid equivalent concentration is 2-4mol/L;
3) high-temperature process:, removing acetylene black and residual organic matter, and make the graphite surface oxidation with the high-temperature process under 500 ℃ of-600 ℃ of conditions of the graphite behind the removal metal impurities of the rapid gained of previous step;
4) coating and heat treatment: adopting the cellulose acetate conduct is coating material, solvent is an acetone, system is made into the finishing agent solution that mass concentration is 10%-14%, with the graphite impregnation after the high-temperature process at the finishing agent solution, solid-to-liquid ratio is 400-500g/L, makes coating material contact and stick on the graphite granule with graphite granule; Again graphite is separated from the finishing agent solution, oven dry, and under 300-900 ℃ of condition, being incubated under the nitrogen atmosphere, sieve after the cooling graphite products, finish the reparation of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery.
Washing time is 3-4h in the step 1), selects 100 mesh standard sieves for use, to sieve broken copper sheet.
Temperature is too low or the too short impurity-eliminating effect of temperature retention time is bad in the step 3), a large amount of oxidations and losing in air of the too high or oversize then graphite of temperature retention time of temperature, and therefore selecting the high-temperature process temperature is 500 ℃-600 ℃, temperature retention time is 2-4h.
Insulating process in the step 4) is: the graphite after will drying is under nitrogen atmosphere, the speed of 10 ℃/min is warming up to 300-400 ℃, coating material is solidified at graphite surface, insulation 1-2h, programming rate with 10 ℃/min rises to 700-900 ℃ then, insulation 3-5h makes the coating material charing.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The invention has the advantages that, realized the recovery and the reparation of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery, technological process is short, and cost of material is low, the added value of product height, and preparing mutually with traditional LITHIUM BATTERY graphite, specific energy consumption significantly reduces.This invention provides a new way for old and useless battery recycling industry and the production of LITHIUM BATTERY graphite.Gained graphite tap density of the present invention reaches 1.07g/cm
3As shown in Figure 3, discharge capacity is 335.7mAh/g first, and first charge-discharge efficiency is 90.5%, and as shown in Figure 4,54 times circulation back capability retention is 97.23%, and is suitable with the graphite performance with lithium ion battery on the market.
The purity of raw material waste and old lithium ion battery anode material of the present invention is up to more than 85%, the graphite rate of recovery reaches 95%, does not need through coarse crushing, attritioning, flotation, the operations such as graphitization more than 2800 ℃ in the modified natural graphite preparation process, with traditional handicraft mutually specific energy consumption reduce greatly, applicable technology is promoted and large-scale production, can also save limited graphite resource, reduce environmental pollution.Therefore the recovery and the reparation of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery both had an economic benefit, and social benefit is arranged again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of invention
Fig. 2 is a product graphite XRD figure;
Fig. 3 is a product graphite first charge-discharge curve chart;
Fig. 4 is a product graphite cycle performance curve chart.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
Method of the present invention comprises washing, sieves, removes metal impurities, drying, high-temperature process and coating process.
Among the present invention, the Main Ingredients and Appearance of waste and old lithium ion battery anode strip graphite is as follows:
Composition | Graphite | Conductive agent (acetylene black) | Thickener (CMC) | Binding agent (SBR) | Lithium |
Weight | ?85-90% | 1-1.5% | 2.25-3% | 2.25-3% | 2-8% |
Used binding agent butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) is water-based during (1) owing to anode smear in the battery manufacture process, and is soluble in water, therefore, the present invention washes waste and old anode strip with water and separates graphite and copper sheet, the temperature of water is 60-90 ℃, and mixing speed is 200-300r/min, and washing time is 3-4h.
(2) it is dry that graphite separates, filters the back with copper sheet, and baking temperature is 80-100 ℃.Adopting 100 mesh standard sieves to sieve, is broken copper sheet on the sieve, and sieve is the thick product of graphite down.
(3) metal impurities in the thick product of graphite mainly contain the lithium that the copper brought in the washing process and battery embed in charge and discharge process.The thick product of graphite is soaked in the mixed solution of finite concentration oxidant chloric acid sodium and finite concentration sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, wherein density of sodium chlorate is 0.3-0.5mol/L, inorganic acid equivalent concentration is 2-4mol/L, mixing speed is 200-300r/min, reaction time is 2-3h, filter, under 80-100 ℃ of condition, be dried to constant weight then.
(4) with dried graphite in air atmosphere, under 500 ℃ of-600 ℃ of conditions, the insulation 2-3h, remove the acetylene black and the small amount of residual organic substance that contain in the graphite, the simultaneous oxidation graphite surface.
(5) cellulose acetate is dissolved in the acetone, getting concentration is the cellulose acetate finishing agent solution of 10%-14%.
(6) graphite impregnation that step (4) is got is modified in the solution at the polymer surfaces of step (5) preparation, solid-to-liquid ratio is 400-500g/L, speed with 300-400r/min stirs, and mixing time is 2-3h, makes coating material fully contact and adhere on it with graphite granule.
(7) graphite is separated oven dry from the finishing agent solution.
(8) graphite after will drying is in tube furnace, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, the speed of 10 ℃/min is warming up to 300-400 ℃, and insulation 1-2h rises to 700-900 ℃ with same programming rate then, insulation 3-5h, sieve after the cooling graphite products.
Embodiment 1:
Be soaked in 80 ℃ of warm water 10 18650 type anode plate for lithium ionic cell and stirring, mixing speed is 200r/min, and washing time is 4h, filters, and drying is crossed 100 mesh standard sieves, gets 140 gram graphite powders.Get the mixed solution that 140 gram graphite powders are soaked in 200ml, 0.4mol/L sodium chlorate and 2mol/L hydrochloric acid, and constantly stir, mixing speed is 250r/min, and the reaction time is 2.5h, removes the metal impurities in the graphite, filters then, and 90 ℃ are dried to constant weight.Get the dry graphite that 120 grams remove metal impurities and place ceramic crucible, put into Muffle furnace, in air atmosphere, be warming up to 500 ℃ with the speed of 10 ℃/min, insulation 2h, the pure graphite of 113.1g, i.e. graphite sample, the high temperature weight-loss ratio is 5.75%.
100g gained graphite sample be impregnated in 200ml, and concentration is in 12% the finishing solution (cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetone), stirs with the speed of 300r/min, and mixing time is 3h.Graphite is separated from the finishing agent solution, oven dry puts it in the tube furnace, under the nitrogen atmosphere then, the speed of 10 ℃/min is warming up to 350 ℃, insulation 2h rises to 800 ℃ with same programming rate then, insulation 4h, 600 mesh sieves are crossed in the cooling back, extracting screen underflow is crossed 1340 mesh sieves then, gets oversize.Get lithium ion battery active material of positive electrode graphite, the crystalline phase analysis of gained powder shows that resulting powder is a graphite shown in the XRD figure of Fig. 2.
Lithium ion battery active material of positive electrode graphite sample with gained: acetylene black: bonding agent polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) :=9: 0.5: 0.5 (mass ratio) mixed, add certain N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and stir into pulpous state, be coated on the thick Copper Foil of 0.015mm.Dry 2h down at 120 ℃, compacting cuts out the anode strip that diameter is 10mm with perforating press from the pole piece that makes in flakes.Anode strip and metal lithium sheet are assembled into button cell, and separator is three layers of (PP/PE/PP) porous septum of Celgard2300, and electrolyte adopts 1mol/L LiPF
6EC/DMC (volume ratio is 1: 1) solution, in being full of the glove box of argon gas, be assembled into the Li/C button cell.Row discharges and recharges in the time of in voltage is the 0.01-2.0V scope, discharge and recharge 4 times with 0.1C after, with 0.5C charge and discharge cycles 50 times, first charge-discharge and cycle performance curve are seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.This graphite sample tap density is 1.07g/cm
3The capacity height, good cycle, discharge capacity is 335.7mAh/g first, first charge-discharge efficiency is that 90.5%, 54 circulation back capability retention is 97.23%.
Example 2:
Be soaked in 70 ℃ of warm water 10 18650 type anode plate for lithium ionic cell and stirring, mixing speed is 200r/min, and washing time is 4h, filters, and drying is crossed 100 mesh standard sieves, gets 140 gram graphite powders.Get the mixed solution that 140 gram graphite powders are soaked in 200ml, 0.4mol/L hydrogen peroxide and 1mol/L sulfuric acid, and constantly stir, mixing speed is 250r/min, and the reaction time is 2.5h, removes the metal impurities in the graphite, filters then, and 90 ℃ are dried to constant weight.Get the dry graphite that 120 grams remove metal impurities and place ceramic crucible, put into Muffle furnace, in air atmosphere, be warming up to 550 ℃ with the speed of 10 ℃/min, insulation 2h, the pure graphite of 111.0g, i.e. graphite sample, the high temperature weight-loss ratio is 7.50%.
100g gained graphite sample be impregnated in 200ml, and concentration is in 12% the finishing solution (cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetone), stirs with the speed of 300r/min, and mixing time is 3h.Graphite is separated from the finishing agent solution, and oven dry puts it in the tube furnace then, under the nitrogen atmosphere, the speed of 10 ℃/min is warming up to 300 ℃, and insulation 2h rises to 850 ℃ with same programming rate then, insulation 4h, 600 mesh sieves are crossed in the cooling back, and extracting screen underflow is crossed 1340 mesh sieves then, get oversize, get lithium ion battery active material of positive electrode graphite.Subsequent step is with example 1.
Example 3:
Be soaked in 75 ℃ of warm water 10 18650 type anode plate for lithium ionic cell and stirring, mixing speed is 200r/min, and washing time is 4h, filters, and drying is crossed 100 mesh standard sieves, gets 140 gram graphite powders.Get the mixed solution that 140 gram graphite powders are soaked in 200ml, 0.4mol/L hydrogen peroxide and 2mol/L hydrochloric acid, and constantly stir, mixing speed is 250r/min, and the reaction time is 2.5h, removes the metal impurities in the graphite, filters then, and 90 ℃ are dried to constant weight.Get the dry graphite that 120 grams remove metal impurities and place ceramic crucible, put into Muffle furnace, in air atmosphere, be warming up to 580 ℃ with the speed of 10 ℃/min, insulation 2h, the pure graphite of 107.2g, i.e. graphite sample, the high temperature weight-loss ratio is 10.66%.
100g gained graphite sample be impregnated in 200ml, and concentration is in 12% the finishing solution (cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetone), stirs with the speed of 300r/min, and mixing time is 3h.Graphite is separated from the finishing agent solution, and oven dry puts it in the tube furnace then, under the nitrogen atmosphere, the speed of 10 ℃/min is warming up to 350 ℃, and insulation 1.5h rises to 750 ℃ with same programming rate then, insulation 4.5h, 600 mesh sieves are crossed in the cooling back, and extracting screen underflow is crossed 1340 mesh sieves then, get oversize, get lithium ion battery active material of positive electrode graphite.Subsequent step is with example 1.
Claims (4)
1. the recovery of an anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery and restorative procedure is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) separate graphite: place 60-90 ℃ water to wash the waste and old lithium ion battery anode strip, and impose stirring, make Copper Foil separate with graphite, more after filtration, dry, sieving obtains the graphite thick product of particle below 150 μ m;
2) metal impurities in the thick product of removal graphite: the thick product of anode material graphite is soaked in the inorganic acid that is added with oxidant, is used to remove metal impurities, refilter, oven dry; Described metal impurities comprise lithium and copper metal impurities; Described oxidant is sodium chlorate or hydrogen peroxide, and inorganic acid is a kind of in sulfuric acid and the hydrochloric acid, and density of sodium chlorate is 0.3-0.5mol/L, and inorganic acid equivalent concentration is 2-4mol/L;
3) high-temperature process:, removing acetylene black and residual organic matter, and make the graphite surface oxidation with the high-temperature process under 500 ℃ of-600 ℃ of conditions of the graphite behind the removal metal impurities of the rapid gained of previous step;
4) coating and heat treatment: adopting the cellulose acetate conduct is coating material, solvent is an acetone, system is made into the finishing agent solution that mass concentration is 10%-14%, with the graphite impregnation after the high-temperature process at the finishing agent solution, solid-to-liquid ratio is 400-500g/L, makes coating material contact and stick on the graphite granule with graphite granule; Again graphite is separated from the finishing agent solution, oven dry, and under 300-900 ℃ of condition, being incubated under the nitrogen atmosphere, sieve after the cooling graphite products, finish the reparation of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery.
2. the recovery of anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery according to claim 1 and restorative procedure, it is characterized in that: washing time is 3-4h in the step 1), selects the screening of 100 mesh standard sieves for use.
3. according to the recovery and the restorative procedure of the described recovery anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the temperature retention time of high-temperature process is 2-4h in the step 3).
4. according to the recovery and the restorative procedure of each described recovery anode material graphite of waste lithium ion battery of claim 1~3, it is characterized in that: the insulating process in the step 4) is: the graphite after will drying is under nitrogen atmosphere, the speed of 10 ℃/min is warming up to 300-400 ℃, insulation 1-2h, programming rate with 10 ℃/min rises to 700-900 ℃ then, insulation 3-5h.
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