CN101708558B - Liquid phase preparation method of superfine nickel metal powder - Google Patents

Liquid phase preparation method of superfine nickel metal powder Download PDF

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CN101708558B
CN101708558B CN2009102178559A CN200910217855A CN101708558B CN 101708558 B CN101708558 B CN 101708558B CN 2009102178559 A CN2009102178559 A CN 2009102178559A CN 200910217855 A CN200910217855 A CN 200910217855A CN 101708558 B CN101708558 B CN 101708558B
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metal powder
nickel metal
liquid phase
superfine
nickel
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CN101708558A (en
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朴东鹤
李楠
袁凤艳
霍静
雷福伟
李�一
柳学全
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JILIN JIEN NICKEL INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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JILIN JIEN NICKEL INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid phase preparation method of superfine nickel metal powder, which more particularly comprises the steps of: evenly mixing nickel tetracarbonyl, organic carrier liquid and dispersing agent; injecting the mixture into a container with protective gas and then heating; stirring in the whole process with the reaction temperature of 50-200 DEG C and the reaction time of 0.1-12h; and finally, extracting the superfine nickel metal powder by vacuum filtration or centrifugal separation. Compared with the existing carbonyl metal gas phase decomposition method, the liquid phase preparation method only needs lower reaction temperature and shorter reaction time, is simple in technique and high in production efficiency. More important, the superfine nickel metal powder prepared by the method has high purity, good dispersibility and controllable granularity, and is not easily oxidized.

Description

A kind of liquid phase preparation process of superfine nickel metal powder
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technology, particularly a kind of preparation method of superfine nickel metal powder.
Technical background
Generally speaking, superfine powder is meant that particle diameter is less than 1 micron powder.Because particle diameter is less, superfine powder has a series of special effectses, and has many special natures that are different from common powder, becomes the focus of various countries' research in recent years gradually.
Nickel has good processability, corrosion resistance, electrovacuum and electromagnetism control, is widely used in fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics and new material.Extra-fine nickel powder is owing to have great bulk effect and skin effect, and in chemism, electrical conductance, aspects such as magnetic demonstrate many special natures, thereby have application prospects.At first, extra-fine nickel powder is a kind of good catalyst, and its stereoselectivity is about ten times of common nickel powder; Secondly, the extra-fine nickel powder good conductivity, non-oxidizability is strong, and alternative noble metal powder prepares electronics industry electrocondution slurry commonly used; Extra-fine nickel powder is dispersed in the macromolecule matrix uniformly, can prepares electromagnetic shielding material, be used for anti-electromagnetic interference, reduce electromagnetic pollution; Extra-fine nickel powder is scattered in forms magnetic fluid in the carrier fluid, can be used for rotatory sealing and make electromagnetic damper.
The method for preparing extra-fine nickel powder mainly contains wet chemistry method, metal carbonyl decomposition method, electrolysis, using vaporization condensation process, physical crushing method etc., and wherein wet chemistry method is the most commonly used, and it is best in quality that the metal carbonyl decomposition method makes extra-fine nickel powder.Patent CN100387383C at first makes the nickel oxalate precipitation by soluble nickel salt, under low vacuum nickel oxalate decomposition, passivation is made extra-fine nickel powder then; It is surface dispersant that patent CN100431750C adopts the water soluble polymer monomer, and the liquid phase chemical reduction by soluble nickel salt makes nano-nickel powder.These wet chemistry methods are owing to adopted raw materials such as precipitating reagent, reducing agent to cause product purity to reduce.Patent application open CN1947902, CN1817528, CN1817526 have introduced the method that the nickel carbonyl thermal decomposition prepares different-shape, different grain size ultra-fine (nanometer) nickel powder, the product purity height, but powder bad dispersibility, easily bonding is grown up, and this process is complicated, causes that easily system reveals the diffusion that causes noxious material.If can improve these shortcomings of metal carbonyl thermal decomposition preparation technology, carbonyl legal system superfine powder technology has application prospects more undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to improve the deficiency in the metal carbonyl thermal decomposition technology of preparing, provide that a kind of technology is simple, production safety, cheap, method that production efficiency is high, thereby the superfine nickel metal powder of preparation not only purity height, good dispersion, difficult bonding is grown up, and particle diameter control is simple.
According to above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The liquid phase preparation process for preparing a kind of superfine nickel metal powder; it is characterized in that; the concrete steps of this method are: with nickel carbonyl; organic carrier fluid and dispersant are even; injection begins heating after being connected with the container of nitrogen or argon shield gas; and in whole process, keep stirring; reaction temperature is 50~200 ℃; reaction time is 0.1~12 hour; extract superfine nickel metal powder by the method for vacuum filtration or centrifugation at last; described organic carrier fluid can be dimethylbenzene; diphenyl ether; the mixed solution of one or several of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) organic solvent; described dispersant is a stearic acid; palmitic acid or oleic acid; its consumption is 1~2 times of nickel carbonyl mole; the protection gas that this method is used can be nitrogen or argon gas; the protection throughput is 50~200 ml/min, and described nickel carbonyl concentration of volume percent is 1%~20%.
The chemical equation of above-mentioned reaction is: Ni (CO) 4→ Ni+4CO ↑
The organic carrier fluid that uses among the present invention can be one or several mixed solution of organic solvents such as dimethylbenzene, diphenyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Dispersant is stearic acid, palmitic acid or oleic acid, and the moment that is decomposed into metal simple-substance at metal carbonyl is wrapped up it, forms protective layer; Protection gas can be nitrogen or argon gas, and the protection throughput is controlled at the 50-200 ml/min.
The superfine nickel metal powder of the present invention's preparation can extract by the method for vacuum filtration or centrifugation.
According to above-mentioned purpose and technical scheme, operation principle of the present invention is: (1) nickel carbonyl, dispersant and carrier fluid three can be dissolved each other, and by stirring the uniformity that keeps reaction system; (2) under the uniform temperature condition, nickel carbonyl is decomposed into elemental metals nickel and carbon monoxide; (3) carbon monoxide is insoluble to dispersant or carrier fluid, takes reaction system out of by carrier gas, also impels reaction constantly to carry out towards the direction of decomposing; (4) elemental metals nickel is just wrapped up by dispersant once appearance in system, and is independent mutually each other, grows up even run foul of each other also can not bond; (5) particle diameter of metal dust decision aspect the concentration of metal carbonyl in reaction system, reaction temperature, reaction time three, relation in direct ratio.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is: (1) product extra-fine nickel powder purity height; (2) reaction temperature is low, the time is short, technology is simple, production efficiency is high, operability and repeatable strong; (3) raw material need not to handle, and does not need special installation, and production cost is low; (3) owing to the coating effect of dispersant, improved the dispersiveness of nickel powder, be difficult for oxidation, avoided the bonding of particle to grow up simultaneously; (4) particle diameter of metallic nickel powder can accurately be controlled by metal carbonyl concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature; (5) wide adaptability of the present invention can be used for the preparation of most of metal carbonyl superfine powders, for the preparation submicron metal provides new approach.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention, but embodiment does not limit the present invention, and do not address part and be applicable to prior art in the invention.
The liquid phase preparation process for preparing a kind of superfine nickel metal powder; the concrete steps of this method are: with nickel carbonyl; organic carrier fluid and dispersant are even; injection begins heating after being connected with the container of nitrogen or argon shield gas; and in whole process, keep stirring; reaction temperature is 50~200 ℃; reaction time is 0.1~12 hour; extract superfine nickel metal powder by the method for vacuum filtration or centrifugation at last; described organic carrier fluid can be dimethylbenzene; diphenyl ether; the mixed solution of one or several of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) organic solvent; described dispersant is a stearic acid; palmitic acid or oleic acid; its consumption is 1~2 times of nickel carbonyl mole; the protection gas that this method is used can be nitrogen or argon gas; the protection throughput is 50~200 ml/min, and described nickel carbonyl concentration of volume percent is 1%~20%.
The chemical equation of above-mentioned reaction is: Ni (CO) 4→ Ni+4CO ↑
The superfine nickel metal powder of the present invention's preparation can extract by the method for vacuum filtration or centrifugation.
According to above-mentioned purpose and technical scheme, operation principle of the present invention is: (1) nickel carbonyl, dispersant and carrier fluid three can be dissolved each other, and by stirring the uniformity that keeps reaction system; (2) under the uniform temperature condition, nickel carbonyl is decomposed into elemental metals nickel and carbon monoxide; (3) carbon monoxide is insoluble to dispersant or carrier fluid, takes reaction system out of by carrier gas, also impels reaction constantly to carry out towards the direction of decomposing; (4) elemental metals nickel is just wrapped up by dispersant once appearance in system, and is independent mutually each other, grows up even run foul of each other also can not bond; (5) particle diameter of metal dust decision aspect the concentration of metal carbonyl in reaction system, reaction temperature, reaction time three, relation in direct ratio.
Embodiment 1
Nickel carbonyl 5 milliliters of (being equivalent to 38.6mmol), 50 milliliters of dimethylbenzene, stearic acid 11 grams (being equivalent to 38.6mmol) are miscible evenly, join in the reaction vessel that has air inlet/outlet and agitating device, continue to feed nitrogen, flow-control is in 90~100 ml/min, keep stirring, begin heat temperature raising then, keep 50 ℃, 12 hours.Obtain about 1.35 grams of extra-fine nickel powder by centrifugation at last, particle mean size is 110 nanometers.
Embodiment 2
Nickel carbonyl 5 milliliters of (being equivalent to 38.6mmol), 450 milliliters of dimethylbenzene, oleic acid 20 grams (being equivalent to 70.8mmol) are miscible evenly, join in the reaction vessel that has air inlet/outlet and agitating device, continue to feed nitrogen, flow-control is in 150~160 ml/min, keep stirring, begin heat temperature raising then, keep 90 ℃, 10 hours.Obtain about 1.03 grams of extra-fine nickel powder by centrifugation at last, particle mean size is 60 nanometers.
Embodiment 3
Nickel carbonyl 10 milliliters of (being equivalent to 77.2mmol), 50 milliliters of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)s, oleic acid 35 grams (being equivalent to 123.9mmol) are miscible evenly, join in the reaction vessel that has air inlet/outlet and agitating device, continue to feed argon gas, flow-control is in 180~190 ml/min, keep stirring, begin heat temperature raising then, keep 150 ℃, 8 hours.Obtain about 4.10 grams of extra-fine nickel powder by vacuum filtration at last, particle mean size is 0.8 micron.
Embodiment 4
Nickel carbonyl 10 milliliters of (being equivalent to 77.2mmol), 50 milliliters of diphenyl ether, palmitic acid 20 grams (being equivalent to 78.Ommol) are miscible evenly, join in the reaction vessel that has air inlet/outlet and agitating device, continue to feed argon gas, flow-control is in 60~70 ml/min, keep stirring, begin heat temperature raising then, keep 200 ℃, 0.1 hour.Obtain about 1.22 grams of extra-fine nickel powder by centrifugation at last, particle mean size is 0.5 micron.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is: (1) product extra-fine nickel powder purity height; (2) reaction temperature is low, the time is short, technology is simple, production efficiency is high, operability and repeatable strong; (3) raw material need not to process, and does not need special installation, and production cost is low; (3) owing to the coating function of dispersant, improved the dispersiveness of nickel powder, be difficult for oxidation, avoided simultaneously the bonding of particle to grow up; (4) particle diameter of metallic nickel powder can accurately be controlled by metal carbonyl concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature; (5) wide adaptability of the present invention can be used for the preparation of most of metal carbonyl superfine powders, for the preparation submicron metal provides new approach.

Claims (4)

1. the liquid phase preparation process of a superfine nickel metal powder; it is characterized in that; the concrete steps of this method are: with nickel carbonyl; and dimethylbenzene; diphenyl ether; the organic carrier fluid and the stearic acid of the mixed solution of one or several of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) organic solvent; the dispersant of palmitic acid or oleic acid is even; injection begins heating after being connected with the container of nitrogen or argon shield gas; and in whole process, keep stirring; reaction temperature is 50~200 ℃; reaction time is 0.1~12 hour, extracts superfine nickel metal powder by the method for vacuum filtration or centrifugation at last.
2. the liquid phase preparation process of a kind of superfine nickel metal powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described dispersant dosage is 1~2 times of nickel carbonyl mole.
3. the liquid phase preparation process of a kind of superfine nickel metal powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the protection gas that this method is used can be nitrogen or argon gas, and the protection throughput is 50~200 ml/min.
4. the liquid phase preparation process of a kind of superfine nickel metal powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described nickel carbonyl concentration of volume percent is 1%~20%.
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CN102443702A (en) * 2011-10-12 2012-05-09 上海华力微电子有限公司 Recovery method of nickel
CN108941604A (en) * 2018-08-01 2018-12-07 浙江埃普瑞纳米材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method of novel simple block nanometer iron powder

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1491762A (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-28 中南大学 Process for preparing fibrous nickel powder
CN1947902A (en) * 2006-11-24 2007-04-18 金川集团有限公司 Method for producing nano-nickel powder by thermal dissociation of carbonyl nickel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1491762A (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-28 中南大学 Process for preparing fibrous nickel powder
CN1947902A (en) * 2006-11-24 2007-04-18 金川集团有限公司 Method for producing nano-nickel powder by thermal dissociation of carbonyl nickel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
龚春红等.水性体系中超细镍粉的液相还原制备.《化学研究》.2008,第19卷(第4期),93-96. *

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