Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of charging circuit of rechargeable battery, it can improve the stability of charging current, improves the reliability of charging circuit.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of battery charger, it comprises:
Rectification filtering module, it links to each other with AC power, is used for alternating current is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering;
The power output control module, it is connected between rectification filtering module and the switch transformer, is used for the power output according to the feedback signal drive controlling switch transformer of signal feedback module;
Switch transformer, it links to each other with rectification filtering module, is used for the control power output according to the power output control module;
The output current rectification filtering module, it is connected between switch transformer and the charging terminal, is used for the electric current of switch transformer output is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering;
The voltage sample amplification module, it is used to gather and amplifies the voltage signal of output current rectification filtering module output and export to the signal feedback module;
The current sample amplification module, it is used to gather and amplifies the current signal of output current rectification filtering module output and export to the signal feedback module;
The signal feedback module is used for giving the power output control module with the signal feedback of voltage sample amplification module and the output of current sample amplification module.
As an embodiment of a kind of battery charger of the present invention, described power output control module comprises that the power output control module comprises and is integrated in a pulsed drive module and a power control module in the integrated package: this pulsed drive module is used to produce output pulse signal driving power control module; This power control module is used for the output according to pulse signal control switch transformer.Two modules integrated with an integrated package after, make structure simpler, peripheral cell reduces, and effectively reduces own loss; Effectively reduce external disturbance in addition.Make power output bigger, more stable like this.
As an embodiment of a kind of battery charger of the present invention, it also comprises the current stabilization module, and it is connected between current sample amplification module and the signal feedback module, is used to amplify sample rate current.
An embodiment as a kind of battery charger of the present invention, described current stabilization module comprises first switch element, this first switch element comprises a control end, an input, an output, and the control end of this first switch element divides three the tunnel: the one tunnel through resistance (R28) ground connection; One the tunnel connects the output of second proportional amplifier through resistance (R23); One the tunnel connects the input of first switch element successively through resistance (R31), electric capacity (C13); The output head grounding of this first switch element; The input of this first switch element connects current stabilization module and signal feedback module respectively.
As an embodiment of a kind of battery charger of the present invention, described resistance (R28) is the resistance of scalable resistance with resistance (R23).Like this can be by regulating resistance (R28) and resistance (R23) in order to regulate maximum charging current.
An embodiment as a kind of battery charger of the present invention, described current sample amplification module comprises second proportional amplifier, first proportional amplifier, resistance (R15), and the in-phase input end of described second proportional amplifier divides two-way to connect through resistance (R24): the one tunnel connects the charging negative terminal; Another road is through current sampling resistor (R20) ground connection; The inverting input of second proportional amplifier divides two-way to connect: one tunnel process resistance (R69) connects the output of second proportional amplifier; Another road is through resistance (R25) ground connection; The output of described second proportional amplifier divides two-way to connect through resistance (R18): the one tunnel connects the inverting input of first proportional amplifier; One the tunnel through electric capacity (C14) ground connection; The in-phase input end of described first proportional amplifier divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel through resistance (R17) ground connection; Another road connects power supply through resistance (R19) and resistance (R21) successively, and the plus earth of diode (D11) is between negative pole connecting resistance (R19) and the resistance (R21); The output termination current stabilization module of described first proportional amplifier; Described resistance (R15) end connects the charging plus end; The other end divides two-way: the one tunnel connects the output of described first proportional amplifier through diode (D12), and another road through diode (D10) and (R12) ground connection, links to each other with the voltage sample amplification module between described diode (D10) and the resistance (R12) successively.
An embodiment as a kind of battery charger of the present invention, it also comprises the operating state indicating module that links to each other with the current sample amplification module, this module comprises second switch element, fan, first light-emitting diode, second light-emitting diode, this second switch element comprises a control end, an input, an output, and the control end of this second switch element divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel connects through resistance (R27) connection current sample amplification module; One tunnel process resistance (R26) connects power supply; The output of this second switch element divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel connects power supply; One the tunnel passes through diode (D23), second light-emitting diode, resistance (R30) ground connection successively; The input of this second switch element divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel connects electric fan, resistance (R29) ground connection; One the tunnel connects between described diode (D23), second light-emitting diode through first light-emitting diode successively.
As an embodiment of a kind of battery charger of the present invention, it also comprises battery temperature characteristic compensation module, and it is connected between output current rectification filtering module and the voltage sample amplification module, is used for regulating charging voltage according to variation of temperature.This battery temperature characteristic compensation module is thermistor (NTC).This thermistor is according to adjustment self resistance, in order to regulate charging voltage.
As an embodiment of a kind of battery charger of the present invention, it also comprises resistance (R40), and this resistance (R40) and thermistor (NTC) are in parallel to be inserted between output current rectification filtering module and the voltage sample amplification module.
Compared with prior art, battery charger of the present invention is by voltage sample amplification module and current sample amplification module real-time sampling, and sampled signal fed back to the power output control module by the signal feedback module, the power output control module is according to feedback signal real-time regulated charging voltage and electric current, thereby improve the stability of charging current, improve the reliability of charging.
Embodiment
A kind of embodiment of battery charger is described with reference to Fig. 1-2. a kind of battery charger of present embodiment, it comprises: rectification filtering module 1, it links to each other with AC power, is used for alternating current is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering; Power output control module 2, it is connected between rectification filtering module 1 and the switch transformer 4, is used for the power output according to the feedback signal drive controlling switch transformer 4 of signal feedback module 7; Switch transformer 4, it links to each other with 1 of rectifying and wave-filtering mould, is used for the control power output according to power output control module 2; Output current rectification filtering module 5, it is connected between switch transformer 4 and the charging terminal, is used for the electric current of switch transformer 4 outputs is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering; Voltage sample amplification module 6, it is used to gather and amplifies the voltage signal of output current rectification filtering module 5 outputs and export to signal feedback module 7; Current sample amplification module 8, it is used to gather and amplifies the current signal of output current rectification filtering module 5 outputs and export to signal feedback module 7; Signal feedback module 7 is used for giving power output control module 2 with the signal feedback of voltage sample amplification module 6 and 8 outputs of current sample amplification module; Current stabilization module 10, it is connected between current sample amplification module 9 and the signal feedback module 7, is used to amplify sample rate current; Operating state indicating module 9 is used for indicating operating status; Battery temperature characteristic compensation module 11, it is connected between output current rectification filtering module 5 and the voltage sample amplification module 6, is used for regulating charging voltage according to variation of temperature.
Described power output control module 2 comprises that the power output control module comprises and is integrated in a pulsed drive module and a power control module in the integrated package: this pulsed drive module is used to produce output pulse signal driving power control module; This power control module is used for the output according to pulse signal control switch transformer.Two modules integrated with an integrated package after, make structure simpler, peripheral cell reduces, and effectively reduces own loss; Effectively reduce external disturbance in addition.Make power output bigger, more stable like this.
The operation principle of described power output control module 2: after the input of 220V/110V alternating voltage, select different rectifier systems, obtain the direct voltage about direct current 300V after the filtering by K switch 1.This voltage is added to thick film element D pin (being the drain electrode of internal switch element) through switch transformer 4 elementary winding L 1, the 300V direct voltage also charges to capacitor C 4 through starting resistance R3 simultaneously, thereby the 3 pin voltages of IC1 are also risen, when 3 pin voltages to 15 lie prostrate, the IC1 internal circuit begins to start, and beginning to produce oscillating impulse, circuit enters operating state.Behind the power work, the switching pulse on the L2 winding of switch transformer 4 is given the power supply of 3 pin behind diode D6, capacitor C 4 rectifying and wave-filterings, the power reguirements when satisfying 3 pin operate as normal.Thereby switch thick film power supply 5 pin connect the carrying load ability of synchronous self-locking, overvoltage crowbar raising power supply.
With reference to figure 2-3; described IC1 is specially FSCQ1265RT, and it comprises as lower module: start power unit 21, quasi harmonic oscillation switching controls lock-out pulse testing circuit 22, FEEDBACK CONTROL part 23, protective circuit 24, soft starting circuit and burst mode control circuit 25, drive circuit and power tube switch output 26 thereof.
Start external start-up circuit of 3 pin and the power supply circuits of power unit 21:IC1 and pass through the highest input service voltage of 18V (20V) voltage stabilizing didoe restriction.When the voltage of 3 pin reached starting resistor (15V), IC1 began to start, and enters normal operating conditions.When voltage is lower than 9V and continues for some time, low-voltage testing circuit starts, and circuit quits work.
Quasi harmonic oscillation switching controls lock-out pulse testing circuit 22: when the very light circuit work frequency of load surpassed 90KHZ, circuit entered the quasi-resonance state work of expansion to reduce switching frequency.The lock-out pulse of auxiliary winding induction is sent into 5 pin of IC1 behind diode limiting, electric resistance partial pressure, guarantee to keep synchronized relation between the 5 pin lock-out pulses of power supply frequency of oscillation and IC1, make power supply the voltage stabilized range increasing, improve load-carrying ability.When the crest voltage of the 5 pin synchronizing signals of IC1 surpassed 12V, overvoltage crowbar started, and circuit enters guard mode, and switching tube is by no-output.
FEEDBACK CONTROL part 23: three kinds of functions are arranged: the one, thereby by feedback voltage and the inner sampling voltage duty ratio control output voltage value of control switch relatively; The 2nd, the peak-to-peak value of the clamp circuit Control current by inside; The 3rd, there is a pulse front edge to suppress of the influence of the high peak voltage of circuit for eliminating switching tube conducting moment generation to the pulse-width modulation comparator.
Protective circuit 24:IC1 has several automatic protection circuits: overload protection OLP, abnormal current protection AOCP, overvoltage protection OVP and heat protection TSD, and wherein OLP and OVP are automatic recovery and protection types, and AOCP and TSD are the lock protections.
Soft starting circuit and the typical soft-start time of burst mode control circuit 25:IC1 are 20ms, soft starting circuit increases the end of oppisite phase voltage of PWM comparator and the electric current of switching tube lentamente after the switching tube conducting, and pulse duration increases gradually up to transformer, inductance, electric capacity and enters correct operating state.When it prevents also that transformer is saturated and reduces to start to the impact of secondary commutation diode.Minimum for the power consumption under the standby mode is dropped to, IC1 enters the burst mode operating state when standby.
Drive circuit and power tube switch output 26 thereof.This modular circuit is worked under the control of above each control circuit.
Certainly, described IC1 integrated power module can also be any one among FSCQ0765RT, FSCQ1465RT, FSCQ1565RT, FSCQ1565RP, KA5Q1265RF, the KA5Q1565RF.
The switching pulse of the L3 winding of switch transformer 4 is behind rectifying and wave-filtering, process IC3 (431) is to output voltage sampling amplification, the conducting degree of photoelectrical coupler IC2 in the signal feedback module 7, adjust the voltage of the feedback pin (4 pin Vfb) of IC1, adjust pulse duration, reach stable maximum charging voltage.The switching pulse of the L4 winding of switch transformer 4 is given photoelectrical coupler IC2, IC3 power supply behind rectifying and wave-filtering.
Described current stabilization module 10 comprises the first switch element Q1, and this first switch element Q1 comprises a control end, an output and an input, specifically can be a triode.The control end of this first switch element Q1 divides three the tunnel: the one tunnel through resistance R 28 ground connection; One the tunnel connects the output of the second proportional amplifier IC4-2 through resistance R 23; One the tunnel connects the input of the first switch element Q1 successively through resistance 31, electric capacity 13; The output head grounding of this first switch element Q1; The input of this first switch element Q1 connects current stabilization module 10 and signal feedback module 7 respectively.
Described resistance R 28 is the resistance of scalable resistance with resistance R 23.Like this can be by regulating resistance R 28 and resistance R 23 in order to regulate maximum charging current.
Described current sample amplification module 8 comprises the second proportional amplifier IC4-2, the first proportional amplifier IC4-1, resistance R 15, and the in-phase input end of the described second proportional amplifier IC4-2 connects through 24 fens two-way of resistance R: the one tunnel connects the charging negative terminal; Another road is through current sampling resistor 20 ground connection; The inverting input of the second proportional amplifier IC4-2 divides two-way to connect: one tunnel process resistance R 67 connects the output of second proportional amplifier; Another road is through resistance R 25 ground connection; The output of the described second proportional amplifier IC4-2 connects through 18 fens two-way of resistance R: the one tunnel connects the inverting input of the first proportional amplifier IC4-1; One the tunnel through capacitor C 14 ground connection; The in-phase input end of the described first proportional amplifier IC4-1 divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel through resistance R 17 ground connection; Another road connects stabilized voltage power supply (5.1V) through resistance R 19 and resistance R 21 successively, and the plus earth of voltage stabilizing didoe D11 (5.1V) is between negative pole connecting resistance R19 and the resistance R 21; The output termination current stabilization module 10 of the described first proportional amplifier IC4-1; Described resistance R 15 1 ends connect the charging plus end; The other end divides two-way: the one tunnel connects the output of the described first proportional amplifier IC4-1 through diode D12, and another road links to each other with voltage sample amplification module 6 between described diode D10 and the resistance R 12 successively through diode D10 and R12 ground connection.
Described operating state indicating module 9 comprises second switch element Q2, fan, first LED 1, second LED 2, second switch element Q2 comprises a control end, an input, an output, and second switch element Q2 is the PNP pipe.The control end of this second switch element Q2 divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel connects through resistance R 27 connection current sample amplification modules 8; One tunnel process resistance R 26 connects power supply; The output utmost point of this second switch element Q2 divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel connects power supply; One the tunnel passes through diode D23, second LED 2, resistance R 30 ground connection successively; The input of this second switch element Q2 divides two-way to connect: the one tunnel connects electric fan, resistance R 29 ground connection; One the tunnel connects between described diode D23, second LED 2 through first LED 1 successively.
Described this battery temperature characteristic compensation module 11 comprises resistance 40 and thermistor NTC, and this resistance 40 and thermistor NTC are in parallel to be inserted between output current rectification filtering module 5 and the voltage sample amplification module 6.This thermistor is according to adjustment self resistance, in order to regulate charging voltage.
Because the voltage of battery changes greatly with variation of ambient temperature.1 ℃ of the every rising of ambient temperature, the voltage of battery descends about 0.15%.Introducing battery temperature characteristic compensation module 11, insert negative tempperature coefficient thermistor, when ambient temperature rose, the NTC resistance value descended, and adapted to the voltage temperature characteristic of battery automatically.Thereby accomplish that summer, charging voltage reduced automatically, do not cause that overcharging appears in battery, heating, failure phenomenon; Winter, charging voltage rose automatically, and battery is full of, and prevented that battery is too fast aging.
During the charger charging, electric current amplifies by the second proportional amplifier IC4-2 of resistance R 20 samplings by current sample amplification module 8, and deliver to the conducting degree of the photoelectrical coupler IC2 of current stabilization module 10 output control signal feedback modules 7, and then the voltage of the feedback pin of the IC1 of power controlling output control module 2 (4 pin Vfb), thereby the adjustment pulse duration, constant charge current.Because the current limliting sampling derives from actual charge current, make the constant current performance not influenced by input voltage like this, make current-limiting circuit reliable, more stable work is reliable.When the charging beginning, because charging current is big (set point), the pressure drop that produces on the resistance R 20 is also higher, 3 pin input by the second proportional amplifier IC4-2 is amplified, 1 pin output voltage rises, lead up to 6 pin (the three end comparator inverting inputs) input of the first proportional amplifier IC4-1 (LM358), the 6 pin voltages of the first proportional amplifier IC4-1 (LM358) are higher than 5 pin, 7 pin output electronegative potential, second switch element Q2 (PNP pipe) saturation conduction, first LED 1 are lighted, second LED 2 extinguishes, and electric fan FAN starts; Diode D12 conducting, resistance R 15 branch roads do not produce effect to voltage stabilizing circuit, thereby stablize maximum charging voltage; Another road is added to current stabilization module 10 makes the first switch element Q1 enter magnifying state, and the photoelectrical coupler IC2 conducting of control signal feedback module 7 is strengthened, the constant charge electric current.Charger enters the constant current charge stage, and maximum charging current decides by biasing resistor R23, the resistance R 28 of adjusting the first switch element Q1.When cell voltage rose to maximum charging voltage, charging current began to reduce, and the first switch element Q2 (NPN pipe) ends, and voltage stabilizing IC3 (TL431) makes output voltage stabilization, charger enter the constant voltage charge stage, and electric current reduces gradually.When being reduced to, charging current sets electric current (during 500mA~450mA), the 6 pin voltages of the first proportional amplifier IC4-1 (LM358) are lower than 5 pin, 7 pin output HIGH voltages, and second switch element Q2 ends, first LED 1 extinguishes, and second LED 2 is lighted; This moment, diode D12 off-resistances R15 branch road rose the R terminal voltage of parallel voltage-stabilizing diode IC3 (TL431), the K terminal voltage descends, the photoelectrical coupler IC2 conducting of signal feedback module 7 is strengthened, and output voltage drops to trickle charge voltage, and charger enters the trickle charge stage.
IC1 of the present invention (PWMIC and MOSFET are two-in-one) is the core devices of switching power circuit, and circuit such as a multi-door circuit, trigger, comparator are also contained in its inside except containing pulse oscillator, pulse driver and field effect transistor switch power tube.Utilize these circuit to realize various defencive functions such as pulse shaping, pulsed drive, switch adjustment, voltage stabilizing control, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, overtemperature protection.Have characteristics such as peripheral cell is few, working stability, power output is big, own loss is few, carrying load ability is strong.Because the New-type charge utensil has overcurrent, overload, overvoltage, kinds of protect function such as overheated, thereby have that moistureproof ability is strong, functional reliability is high, long service life, have the characteristics of producing and keeping in repair of being easy to.
The battery charger of present embodiment is as follows by result of implementation:
A, in actual tests and production process, connection error appears in the charger low-pressure section, with wrong components and parts etc., IC1 can self-lock protection, can not burn inefficacy.
B, under the environment of test temperature 〉=80 ℃ operation at full load, the IC1 self-lock protection does not burn out.
C, charger pcb board drench the back and connect AC power, and charger work occurs when unusual, the IC1 self-lock protection, and components and parts do not burn; Automatically recover operate as normal behind oven dry, the airing.
Battery charger of the present invention is by voltage sample amplification module and current sample amplification module real-time sampling, and sampled signal fed back to the power output control module by the signal feedback module, the power output control module is according to feedback signal real-time regulated charging voltage and electric current, thereby improve the stability of charging current, improve the reliability of charging.
Above-described embodiment of the present invention does not constitute the qualification to protection range of the present invention.Any modification of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within the claim protection range of the present invention.