CN101704431A - Self-heating method and device for packaged foods - Google Patents
Self-heating method and device for packaged foods Download PDFInfo
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- CN101704431A CN101704431A CN200910075281A CN200910075281A CN101704431A CN 101704431 A CN101704431 A CN 101704431A CN 200910075281 A CN200910075281 A CN 200910075281A CN 200910075281 A CN200910075281 A CN 200910075281A CN 101704431 A CN101704431 A CN 101704431A
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-heating method and a device for packaged foods, belonging to the technical field of self-heating foods. The method includes the following steps: using a heating material that reacts with the air to release heat for heating the packaged foods; when heating is not needed, isolating the heating material from the air, and when heating is needed, exposing the heating material to the air, wherein after being exposed to the air, the heating material can release heat. The heating material contains metal powder and/or active carbon. The self-heating device is provided with a heating material chamber and a food chamber, the heating material chamber stores heating materials, and an isolation layer which can be totally or partially opened is arranged between the heating material and the outside air. The method and the device have the following positive effects: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the method is simple in process, unique in principle, convenient for operation and good in heating effect; and the device has the advantages of being compact, portable, simple in structure, convenient for use, good in effect, small in volume, easy for carrying, low in manufacture cost, good in heating effect and the like, and has good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to from the heated food technical field, specifically is a kind of utilization and air (O
2) method and the device of exothermic material heated food of exothermic heat of reaction.
Background technology
Domestic product and patent from heated food is a lot, what can make product generally is the method for utilizing calcium oxide and water exothermic heat of reaction, and as army's field operations self-heating food, this method must have water to participate in, the all more portable band of weight, volume, operation are also inconvenient.Other has some disclosed self-heating food patents, CN2853688 " a kind of self-heating food or drink jar " for example, be built-in with can with the heating pulvis and the little water bag of water generation thermal response; CN2174428 " making things convenient for the self-heating canned food " is packaged with the heating chamber of solid or liquid fuel; Refrigeration in the CN2825515 " a kind of self-heating food or drink jar ", the salt solution in the inner bag and outer bag or heat material generation chemical reaction and absorb or produce heat; CN2402630 " a kind of flame-less heating food pack ", hydration reaction takes place with activator (battery acid) and produces the heat heated food in the sheet heating plate that utilizes Mg-Fe alloy powder and other batching to make.
Summary of the invention
The self-heating method and the device that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of packaged food, this method technology is simple, principle is unique, easy to operate; Advantages such as this device has simple in structure, and is easy to use, effective, light, portable.
One of the object of the invention is achieved in that a kind of self-heating method of packaged food, it is characterized in that: use the exothermic material heating packaged food with the air reaction release heat; Make the exothermic material secluding air when not heating, make the exothermic material ingress of air when needing heating; Will release heat behind the described exothermic material ingress of air, contain metal powder and/or active carbon (or with replacements such as carbon black) in the exothermic material.
Has isolation layer between described exothermic material and outside air, it is better to be provided with air-permeable layer between exothermic material and isolation layer, exothermic material contacts with air with sealing layer by air-permeable layer respectively and isolates, and the method that makes the exothermic material ingress of air is partly or entirely to remove isolation layer.
The self-heating apparatus that the self-heating method of above-mentioned packaged food is used is characterized in that having exothermic material chamber and pantry, and exothermic material is equipped with exothermic material in the chamber, has the isolation layer that can all or part ofly open between exothermic material chamber and outside air.
It is better to be provided with air-permeable layer between described exothermic material and the isolation layer.Have only isolation layer also can.
It is better that the exothermic material chamber is provided with the heat conduction damping layer.The heat conduction damping layer does not directly contact exothermic material between exothermic material and food inner packing with the surface of food inner packing.Damping layer thickness generally can be less than 0.5 centimetre, and material can be thermal resistance materials such as heat resistance fiber, foam.Big carbon content active is arranged in the exothermic material, itself can play good thermal resistance Buddhist nun effect yet, so damping layer is not necessary, but may be to select preferably, do not have the heat conduction damping layer can yet.
Preferably contain phase change heat storage material in the heat conduction damping layer, this phase change heat storage material can produce phase transformation between the solid-liquid at food in heat process. and phase change heat storage material can be material for storing heat of phase change in low temperature such as wax, paraffin, alum, it also can be warm phase change heat storage material (90-550 ℃) in sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, RT110 paraffin, ceresine wax, high density polyethylene (HDPE), the poly-butadiene etc., phase change heat storage material can combine with heat resistance fiber or foam forms the heat conduction damping layer, and the heat conduction damping layer also can be made up of heat resistance fiber or foam separately.
Described exothermic material can contain phosphorus, nitrocotton or sulphur etc.
Described exothermic material form also can be powder, particle or paste, by following different materials physical blending form (see also the inventor a patent CN1834194 " a kind of contact with air the back heat release compound ", its exothermic material that provides can provide sufficient amount of heat and heat release rate, can be used for this patent)
A, reduced iron, zinc, magnesium alloy, Al alloy powder, one or more,
B, active carbon and/or carbon black,
C, ion conductive material;
Blend front volume portion rate is 1～20: 1～20: 1～10; Three kinds of material blend front volume portion rates are 1～4: 1～4: 1～4 is better, and described ion conductive material is an ionic liquid.
Described exothermic material chamber the best is a sheet, is attached to the outside face of food inner packing, as around, or all around and below, or only.Described exothermic material chamber also can be column, pie, tubbiness, ring-type, spherical crown shape, or the like.Also can earlier exothermic material be made flexible sheet material, cooperate packaged food packing one or split type use.
Good effect of the present invention is: overcome the deficiency of prior art, this method technology is simple, principle is unique, easy to operate, heats good; Advantages such as this device has simple in structure, and volume is little, compact, and is easy to use, effective, light, portable, cheap, and heats is good, economy and social benefit are good.
Be described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings, 1--isolation layer, 2--air-permeable layer, 3--exothermic material layer, 4--heat conduction damping layer, 5--food inner packing (as easy-to-draw tank skin, interior dress food), 6--pop can mouth.
The specific embodiment
Below be several embodiment of the inventive method and device:
Referring to Fig. 1, be the section-drawing that embodiment is easy-to-draw pot type structure of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
In the glove box carbon dioxide environment, iron powder and 2 times of volume activity charcoals are mixed, add an amount of ionic liquid [BMIM] [BF
4] an amount of stirring make into wet paste, exothermic material.
Heat-resisting foam at dress lulu beverage can sidewall 5 uniform winding certain thickness (about 2 millimeters), is got heat conduction damping layer 4.
In the glove box carbon dioxide environment above-mentioned exothermic material evenly is coated on outside the beverage can heat conduction damping layer, about 3 millimeters of thickness gets exothermic material layer 3; Coat several layers with ventilative fabric, get air-permeable layer 2; With the plastic sheeting sealing, get isolation layer 1 then.
Said apparatus is put in the air, removes the isolation layer plastic sheeting, observes the beverage can water temperature inside and changes.The result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 20 ℃ in 20 minutes.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation of heat conduction damping layer 4: wax after the fusion or beeswax are soaked with hospital gauze, and the gauze uniform winding that will soak into wax coats with plastic sheeting 5 several layers of square beverage can outer walls, gets heat conduction damping layer 4.
Take by weighing urea 10g, acetamide 15g, sodium bromide 8g, mix the back heating and melting, get low-temperature eutectic salt; Under the glove box carbon dioxide environment, active carbon is mixed in right amount with isopyknic zinc powder, add above-mentioned low-temperature eutectic salt, stir and make into wet paste, get exothermic material.
Under the glove box carbon dioxide environment above-mentioned exothermic material evenly is coated on outside the beverage can damping layer, about 3 millimeters of thickness gets exothermic material layer 3; Heat-resisting foam with 0.5 cm thick coats, and gets air-permeable layer 2; With the plastic sheeting sealing, get isolation layer 1.
Said apparatus is put in the air, removes the isolation layer plastic sheeting, observes the beverage can water temperature inside and changes.The result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 20 ℃ in 20 minutes.
Embodiment 3: an amount of alum is ground into fine powder, its coating is wrapped in tinned lulu beverage can outer wall 5, add boiling water in the beverage can, make the alum powder melts and be evenly distributed on the gauze, coat with plastic sheeting with hospital gauze, heat conduction damping layer 4.Other operations are with embodiment 1.
The result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 20 ℃ in 20 minutes.
Embodiment 4: with the active carbon mixing of the exothermic material among the embodiment 1 and about 6 times of volumes, get exothermic material.The device preparation is with embodiment 1.
Said apparatus is put in the air, removes sealed plastic film, and pushes the exothermic material chamber repeatedly with hand and accelerate gas exchange, the result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 25 ℃ in 20 minutes.
Embodiment 5: with the zinc powder mixing of the exothermic material among the embodiment 2 and about 5 times of volumes, get exothermic material.Other operations are with embodiment 1.The result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 25 ℃ in 20 minutes.
Embodiment 6: under the glove box carbon dioxide environment, get the carbon disulphide solution of white phosphorus, behind its infiltration active carbon, the solvent evaporated carbon disulphide gets exothermic material; Other operations are with embodiment 1, and the result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 25 ℃ in 10 minutes.
Embodiment 7: under the glove box carbon dioxide environment, with behind the carbon disulphide solution impregnation of white phosphorus, the solvent evaporated carbon disulphide adds isopyknic sublimed sulfur powder mixing with active carbon, and the equivalent incremental method adds the active carbon of about 10 times of volumes, gets exothermic material; Other operations are with embodiment 1, and the result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 25 ℃ in 10 minutes.
Embodiment 8: grind a small amount of nitrocotton standby under the glove box carbon dioxide environment.Get the blend of zinc powder and equal-volume active carbon, evenly mixed jointly with above-mentioned nitrocotton equivalent incremental method, get exothermic material.Other operations are with embodiment 3, and the result: the interior water temperature of beverage can raises more than 25 ℃ in 10 minutes.
Annotate: before 1, the active carbon of above use, metal powder use all with carbon dioxide replacement wherein adsorb air.2, the detailed directions of every example simple (summary).
As seen, its advantage is:
1, light, portable: exothermic material of the present invention only is little metal powder and active carbon, and weight and volume are all very little, and is light, portable.
2, easy to use: as only need to remove the isolation layer on surface during use, the exothermic material ingress of air is got final product, not be in dormant state during ingress of air.
3, heats is good: burning discharges a large amount of heat energy, and heat of the present invention can also come from the active carbon burning, the heat efficiency height except that from the burning.
4, simple in structure, cheap: raw MAT'L economy of the present invention is easy to get, and preparation technology is simple.
Main base reason of the present invention is: can continue release heat after active carbon and metal powder are ignited under certain condition and be used for heated food; The electrochemical oxidation of metal powder also can provide sufficient amount of heat to be used for heated food.
Metal powder, the aerial burning-point of active carbon are low, heat of combustion is big, has data to show that the burning-point of zinc powder is that 225 ℃, the burning-point of 200 315 ℃ of purpose iron powder burning-points, 47 ℃ of aluminium powder burning-points (No oxided film), 81 ℃ of aluminium powders (fire coat is arranged), active carbon are 300 ℃.
" a kind of compound that contacts the back heat release with air " that CN1834194 provides is that the three elements ion conductive material (ionic liquid) of metal-air cell, electronic conductive material (active carbon), metal powder blend are got, because blend is cross-linked with each other three kinds of material interfaces, it is the metal-air cell of negative pole with the metal powder granulates that the microcosmic part can form a large amount of, produces a large amount of short circuit current release heat behind the ingress of air.It is that electrothermal calefactive rate and temperature are proportionate that this compound has characteristics, reason is that wherein ion conductive material conductivity is directly proportional with temperature, and speed of response was slow when temperature was low, and temperature is higher, as more than 50 ℃, electrothermal calefactive rate will be accelerated, and a kind of sensation of lighting is arranged; The start-up temperature that is used for food heating is a room temperature, therefore must create conditions to keep its temperature of reaction and just can use it for heated food.
The heating that experimental results show that this exothermic material has two stages, at first be according to gas battery mode, by the metal powder oxidation liberates heat, this stage heat provides from the electrochemical oxidation of metal powder fully, reacts milder; Subordinate phase is accumulating along with heat in the exothermic material, temperature rises gradually, the release heat to such an extent as to metal powder and active carbon all take fire, the materials such as ionic liquid that compound uses do not have vapor tension, nonvolatile characteristic can be accumulated the heat of its generation rapidly, reach the burning-point of metal powder and active carbon and it is ignited; In the above-mentioned subordinate phase exothermic process, the a large amount of miniature air battery units of system's well-distributed only play the heating inducing action, metal powder and active carbon are used to ignite, the burning of metal powder and active carbon is the main source of heat, in the claim of the present invention in the exothermic material the shared ratio of active carbon and metal powder increase, be 1-20: 1-20: 1--10 as three kinds of material volume marks ratios in the claim 8, be higher than the ratio among the CN1834194 " a kind of compound that contacts the back heat release with air ", reason is exactly that compound only plays the heating inducing action in exothermic material, is used to light exothermic material.For example the compound among the CN1834194 can also be made particle or piller, be dispersed in active carbon or the metal powder and make exothermic material.
Though the heating process of exothermic material has two stages, but also can make its generation F/s heating as required, it is burnt, can keep relatively low temperature of reaction, these needs do not use damping layer or use the relatively poor damping layer of thermal resistance effect to get final product, because the very fast transmission of heat makes exothermic material can produce heat but is unlikely to burning.
Goods design damping layer purpose makes exothermic material directly not contact with the food inner packing exactly, prevent that the transfer of heat excessive velocities is to accumulate heat, keep and improve the temperature of reaction of exothermic material, if do not have damping layer then can't finish the heat process of food because heat shifts rapidly, exothermic material maintains lower temperature all the time.Big carbon content active is arranged in the exothermic material, itself can play good thermal resistance Buddhist nun effect yet, so damping layer is not necessary but may is to select preferably.
The heat conduction damping layer has double mission, will stop the too fast transmission of heat that exothermal reaction is carried out fast on the one hand, also will be responsible for transmitting the final purpose that heat reaches heated food on the other hand, has therefore added phase change heat storage material at the heat conduction damping layer.Phase change heat storage material is the means of heat energy system optimization operation, can alleviate energy supply and demand both sides and not match on time, intensity and place; When temperature was high, phase change heat storage material absorbed heat and produces phase transformation, and heat conduction velocity is accelerated simultaneously, thereby quickened to transmit heat, but when temperature was lower than its phase transition temperature, phase change heat storage material was got back to solid-state and kept its lower thermal conductivity.The phase change heat storage material storage density is big, volume is little, heat efficiency is high, it is constant to inhale exothermic temperature, can select the phase change heat storage material of different melting points as the case may be.The phase change heat storage material that the present invention uses can be material for storing heat of phase change in low temperature such as wax, paraffin, ceresine wax, PEG, water and aluminium potassium sulfate, also can be middle temperature phase change heat storage material (90-550 ℃), as 145 ℃ of 307 ℃ in sodium nitrate, 333 ℃ in potassium nitrate, 112 ℃ in RT110 paraffin, high density polyethylene (HDPE) 100-150 ℃, poly-butadienes etc.
Exothermic body has four-layer structure: hot damping layer, exothermic material layer, air-permeable layer, sealing layer, combine closely between four layers, but the boundary between the level is not necessarily clear especially, for example between exothermic material layer and the air-permeable layer, because exothermic material is powder or graininess, air-permeable layer is heat-resisting foam, has mutual synthesis and ubiquit between the two; Air-permeable layer also plays certain heat-blocking action, prevents that heat runs off to the external world; Generally should there be film to isolate between exothermic material and the phase change heat storage material.
The present invention is except that active carbon, can also use other carbon material such as carbon blacks, carbon black is a kind of agraphitic carbon, light, pine and superfine black powder, be organic matter (natural fuels, heavy oil, fuel wet goods) under the condition of air deficiency through uncomplete combustion or decomposes and product.
Because heat process needs oxygen, therefore the amount of the air that contacts with exothermic material also is heat release rate's restraining factors, because elastomeric material such as heat-resisting foam can be used in inside, therefore can increase the ingress of air amount by the mode of pushing exothermic body repeatedly.
Rapid oxidation of energy even spontaneous combustion discharge a large amount of heat energy behind some material ingresss of air, as metallic sodium, potassium, white phosphorus, red phosphorus, nitrocotton etc., will spontaneous combustion under the nitrocotton room temperature of white phosphorus, nitrogen content＞12.5%, these materials can be used for the present invention ignite active carbon and metal powder in the exothermic material; White phosphorus, nitrated Cottonopolis are inflammable or explosive, so the exothermic material of its preparation is noted and can not be blasted; Red phosphorus, sulphur combustion-supporting effect are good, can contain a small amount of red phosphorus or sulphur in the exothermic material; Sulphur under certain condition can with metal generation chemical reaction, so the exothermic material of sulfur-bearing generally no longer adds metal powder.
Selected the heterocyclic ionic liquid when the present invention prepares exothermic material, also used amides compound, many acid amides or quaternary ammonium salt can form ionic liquid with inorganic salts.
Claims (10)
1. the self-heating method of a packaged food is characterized in that using the exothermic material with the air reaction release heat to heat packaged food; Make the exothermic material secluding air when not heating, make the exothermic material ingress of air when needing heating; Will release heat behind the described exothermic material ingress of air, contain metal powder and/or active carbon in the exothermic material.
2. the self-heating method of packaged food according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having isolation layer between described exothermic material and outside air, between exothermic material and isolation layer, be provided with air-permeable layer, exothermic material contacts with air with sealing layer by air-permeable layer respectively and isolates, and the method that makes the exothermic material ingress of air is partly or entirely to remove isolation layer.
3. the used self-heating apparatus of the self-heating method of a packaged food according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having exothermic material chamber and pantry, exothermic material is equipped with exothermic material in the chamber, has the isolation layer (1) that can all or part ofly open between exothermic material chamber and outside air.
4. the self-heating apparatus of packaged food according to claim 3 is characterized in that being provided with air-permeable layer (2) between described exothermic material (3) and the isolation layer (1).
5. the self-heating apparatus of packaged food according to claim 4 is characterized in that the exothermic material chamber is provided with heat conduction damping layer (4), and heat conduction damping layer (4) is positioned between exothermic material (3) and the food inner packing (5).
6. the self-heating apparatus of packaged food according to claim 5 is characterized in that containing phase change heat storage material in the described heat conduction damping layer (4), and this phase change heat storage material can produce phase transformation between the solid-liquid at food in heat process.
7. the self-heating apparatus of packaged food according to claim 3 is characterized in that described exothermic material contains phosphorus, nitrocotton or sulphur.
8. the self-heating apparatus of described packaged food according to claim 3 is characterized in that described exothermic material form is powder, particle or paste, form by following different materials physical blending,
A, reduced iron, zinc, magnesium alloy, Al alloy powder, one or more;
B, active carbon and/or carbon black;
C, ion conductive material;
Blend front volume portion rate is 1～20: 1～20: 1～10.
9. the self-heating apparatus of packaged food according to claim 8 is characterized in that three kinds of material blend of described exothermic material front volume portion rate is 1～4: 1～4: 1～4, and described ion conductive material is an ionic liquid.
10. according to the self-heating method of claim 3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 described packaged foods, it is characterized in that described exothermic material chamber is a sheet, be attached to the outside face of food inner packing (5).
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| CN200910075281A CN101704431A (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Self-heating method and device for packaged foods |
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| CN200910075281A CN101704431A (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Self-heating method and device for packaged foods |
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| CN101704431A true CN101704431A (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114735359A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-12 | 南京艾科美热能科技有限公司 | Long-time heat release type vessel |
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2009
- 2009-09-02 CN CN200910075281A patent/CN101704431A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114735359A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-12 | 南京艾科美热能科技有限公司 | Long-time heat release type vessel |
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Owner name: JIANGSU HENGLI HIGH PRESSURE OIL CYLINDER CO., LTD Free format text: FORMER NAME: JIANGSU HENGLI HIGHPRESSURE OIL CYLINDER CO., LTD. |
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Open date: 20100512 |