CN101701806B - Portable laser measuring device for wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion - Google Patents
Portable laser measuring device for wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion Download PDFInfo
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- CN101701806B CN101701806B CN2009102222570A CN200910222257A CN101701806B CN 101701806 B CN101701806 B CN 101701806B CN 2009102222570 A CN2009102222570 A CN 2009102222570A CN 200910222257 A CN200910222257 A CN 200910222257A CN 101701806 B CN101701806 B CN 101701806B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a portable laser measuring device for wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion, a laser head (11) of a laser displacement sensor (1) is fixed on a laser head supporting seat (12); a serial port and a USB interface of the laser displacement sensor (1) are respectively connected with the serial port and the USB interface of a computer (5); and a truckle (21) of a truckle mechanism (2) is axially connected with an increment photoelectric encoder (22), and a signal output end of the increment photoelectric encoder (22) is connected with a control signal input end of the laser displacement sensor (1). The testing device can conveniently measure the surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion conditions of various wheel circumferences on the spot; the device is convenient to carry and has high degree of automation, simple and convenient operation, high control and testing precision and good reproducibility of test data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pick-up unit of railway wheel.
Background technology
Wheel need be born load and fast running on rail safely and reliably as the important ground-engaging element of railway locomotive and vehicle.Along with the fast development of high speed, heavy haul railway and urban track traffic, more and more higher to the requirement of wheel reliability:
The circumference non-rounding abrasion phenomenon of wheel tread will cause the variation of a series of dynamic responses of stock rail system, roadability and each parts of security, comfortableness and stock rail system are had a significant impact serviceable life: one, wheel tread short wavelength's waveform non-rounding abrasion will cause wheel track high-frequency percussion load, long wavelength's non-sphering wearing and tearing will cause the increase of low frequency wheel-rail contact force, cause structural damage under wheel track and the vehicle spring.Two, the non-sphering of wheel circumference also will cause vehicle in length and breadth to the generating period motion, the wearing and tearing between the aggravation wheel track; As the rectilinear orbit rail long wavelength's side grinding appears, the dimple-shaped side grinding appears in wheel, not only influences the wheel track active time, serious situation may cause derailing.Three, the impact that causes of wheel non-rounding abrasion and noise thereof the comfort level that will influence the passenger.
The wheel surface roughness has significant effects to the operation of wheel track: because traction, braking and the operation of train all want the rolling friction contact action between the roller rail to be achieved, so the effect quality between the wheel track directly has influence on the riding quality of train and the cost of safety and transportation by railroad.Increase the adhesion factor that roughness can improve wheel track, guarantee security of operation, but also can produce very large influence simultaneously the damage of wheel track.
Therefore, in order to ensure the highly effective and safe operation of train, in time surfaceness after the wearing and tearing of measurement wheel and non-sphering are to determine the surface abrasion status of wheel circumference.And have 5,000,000 wheels to be among the operation approximately on the China railways various kinds of vehicles vehicle at present, for satisfying the requirement of operation, the direct measurement of in needing at the scene wheel not being dismantled, and measuring equipment must be portable, move easily in can be at the scene, installation and removal, and measuring accuracy and efficient want high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion portable laser measuring device, this test unit can be measured the surfaceness and the non-rounding abrasion situation of various wheel circumferences easily at the scene; And this device is easy to carry, automaticity height, simple to operation, control and the precision height of testing, the favorable reproducibility of test figure.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion portable laser measuring device, and its composition is: the laser head of laser displacement sensor is fixed on the laser head supporting seat; The serial ports of laser displacement sensor, USB interface link to each other with USB interface with computer by serial respectively; The little wheel shaft of little wheel mechanism is connected with incremental photo encoder, and the signal output part of this incremental photo encoder links to each other with the signal input end of laser displacement sensor.
The course of work of the present invention and principle are:
The steamboat of little wheel mechanism is leaned against on the tread of tested wheel, again with the laser head supporting seat and on laser head place tested wheel front side, and the distance that makes the position of laser head and tested vechicle wheel tread is in its effective working distance.
Open laser displacement sensor and computing machine, with the initial distance test value zero setting of laser head and tested wheel.Make tested wheel, drive steamboat in company with rotation, detect the rotational angle of transmission steamboat by incremental photo encoder, send start pulse signal by the rotational angle gap of setting to laser displacement sensor, the control laser displacement sensor is measured the deviate of tested vechicle wheel distance and initial distance test value by identical angular clearances, at last deviate sequence and the corresponding steamboat rotational angle sequence measured are sent into Computer Processing, promptly obtain the circumference surface roughness and the non-rounding abrasion situation of tested wheel.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, by laser displacement sensor, wheel is not fallen to taking turns the scene detection of (not dismantling) other realization of wheel, easy to detect quick.Device only is made up of laser displacement sensor and the computing machine, the steamboat mechanism that are connected with its line, and it is simple in structure, and each piece volumes is little, be easy to carry, its installation, dismantle all very convenient; And each assembly all can use direct supply work, is convenient to on-the-spot the use.
Two, the rotation of the moving steamboat of tested wheel rotating band, the data of angle of rotation rely on the pulse signal that the incremental photo encoder on the transmission steamboat sends and decide, have nothing to do with the speed of wheel, and in the measuring process, the speed of wheel is unrestricted; The collection of each point data is carried out automatically according to the pulse signal that incremental photo encoder produces, the automaticity height, and measurement data is accurately reliable, good reproducibility.
Three, adopt non-contacting laser displacement sensor and incremental photo encoder to test the radial missing and the circumferential position of wheel circumference, its measuring accuracy height, good reliability respectively.Experimental result shows that its measuring accuracy can reach 0.1 μ m.
Four, be connected with serial ports on the computing machine by the serial ports (RS-232) of laser displacement sensor and realize data communication, the transmission data speed is fast, be difficult for obliterated data, and can directly utilize the hyper terminal pattern in the computing machine to carry out data presentation and storage, data acquisition is more convenient and simple.Can obtain the surfaceness or the non-rounding abrasion situation of wheel circumference by the computing machine aftertreatment.
Specifically constituting of above-mentioned little wheel mechanism: steamboat by bearing fixing on the U-shaped back-up block, U-shaped back-up block bottom is hinged by connecting rod and supporting seat; The middle part of connecting rod is connected with tensioning spring, and the other end of tensioning spring is connected with supporting seat.
This little wheel mechanism can make steamboat contact well with wheel tread by tensioning spring, guarantees that the wheel steering angle degree is that circumferential position is accurate, has further guaranteed the accuracy and the reliability of measurement result.Simultaneously, little wheel mechanism places the mode on ground can conveniently realize the placement and the position adjustment of little wheel mechanism by supporting seat, and proving installation is easy to carry, and on-the-spot installation and debugging are extremely convenient.
The concrete structure that above-mentioned laser head is fixed on the laser head supporting seat is: laser head is fixed on the laser head supporting seat by connecting link.
The adjustment of laser head not only lightly makes things convenient for but also firm like this, is convenient to operation and carries.
Above-mentioned laser head supporting seat and supporting seat are magnetic receiver.
The supporting seat that magnetic receiver constitutes can make laser head and the adhesive of steamboat mechanism fix in orbit, has both reduced the weight of supporting seat, can fixedly secure again, and move operation is also very convenient simultaneously.
The periphery of above-mentioned steamboat is provided with the groove that caves in, and is inlaid with rubber ring in groove.
The transmission steamboat is processed to groove along circumference, be inlaid with rubber ring in groove, this helps increasing the gearing friction power between transmission steamboat and the tested wheel, thereby is difficult for skidding in transmission process, guaranteed the synchronous rotation of transmission steamboat and tested wheel, accurate with what guarantee to measure.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done to describe in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the right TV structure synoptic diagram of the little wheel mechanism of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the measurement result that the embodiment of the invention is tested a wheel that has produced non-rounding abrasion.
Fig. 4 be the same wheel of Fig. 3 revolve repair after, the result who measures again with the device of the embodiment of the invention.
Among Fig. 3,4: transverse axis is the circumferential position of the wheel measured point corresponding with the steamboat rotational angle, and the longitudinal axis is the radial distance deviate of wheel tread measured point.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates, and a kind of embodiment of the present invention is:
A kind of wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion portable laser measuring device, its composition is: the laser head 11 of laser displacement sensor 1 is fixed on the laser head supporting seat 12; The serial ports of laser displacement sensor 1, USB interface link to each other with USB interface with the serial ports of computing machine 5 respectively; 21 of the steamboats of steamboat mechanism 2 are connected with incremental photo encoder 22, and the signal output part of this incremental photo encoder 22 links to each other with the signal input end of laser displacement sensor 1.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 illustrate, and steamboat mechanism 2 specifically constitutes: steamboat 21 by bearing 23 be fixed on the U-shaped back-up block 24, U-shaped back-up block 24 bottoms are hinged by connecting rod 25 and supporting seat 26; The middle part of connecting rod 25 is connected with tensioning spring 27, and the other end of tensioning spring 27 is connected with supporting seat 26.
The concrete structure that laser head 11 is fixed on laser head supporting seat 12 is: laser head 11 is fixed on the laser head supporting seat 12 by connecting link 13.Laser head supporting seat 12 and supporting seat 26 are magnetic receiver.The periphery of steamboat 21 is provided with the groove that caves in, and is inlaid with rubber ring in groove.
During test, the steamboat 21 of little wheel mechanism is leaned against on the tread of tested wheel 10, again with laser head supporting seat 12 and on laser head 11 place tested wheel 10 front sides, and the distance that makes the position of laser head 11 and tested wheel 10 treads is in its effective working distance.
Open laser displacement sensor and computing machine, with the initial distance test value zero setting of laser head and tested wheel.Tested wheel 10 is rotated, drive steamboat in company with rotation, detect the rotational angle of transmission steamboat by incremental photo encoder 22, send start pulse signal by the rotational angle gap of setting to laser displacement sensor, the control laser displacement sensor is measured the deviate of tested wheel 10 distances and initial distance test value by identical angular clearances, at last deviate sequence and the corresponding steamboat rotational angle sequence measured are sent into Computer Processing, promptly obtain the circumference surface roughness and the non-rounding abrasion situation of tested wheel.
Fig. 3 adopts the measurement result of the device of this example to a certain wheel.As seen from the figure, the wearing and tearing of this wheel present tangible unevenness, and the wheel greatest wear degree of depth is about 0.200mm, and the minimal wear degree of depth is 0.050mm; And show as that to be nine ripples along circumference be that one group rule repeats to change, the peak value size is not quite similar in nine ripples; Can reach a conclusion thus: non-rounding abrasion has taken place in this wheel, needs dismounting, maintenance.
Fig. 4 for the wheel of Fig. 3 through revolving the measurement result that detects once more with the present embodiment device after repairing.As seen from the figure, the wheel surface roughness distribution uniform after the maintenance is about 19.8 μ m by calculating its average roughness value.
Claims (2)
1. wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion portable laser measuring device, its composition is:
The laser head (11) of laser displacement sensor (1) is fixed on the laser head supporting seat (12) by connecting link (13); The serial ports of laser displacement sensor (1), USB interface link to each other with USB interface with the serial ports of computing machine (5) respectively; Steamboat (21) axle of little wheel mechanism (2) is connected with incremental photo encoder (22), and the signal output part of this incremental photo encoder (22) links to each other with the signal input end of laser displacement sensor (1);
Specifically constituting of described little wheel mechanism (2): steamboat (21) is fixed on by bearing (23) that U-shaped back-up block (24) is gone up, U-shaped back-up block (24) bottom is hinged by connecting rod (25) and supporting seat (26); The middle part of connecting rod (25) is connected with tensioning spring (27), and the other end of tensioning spring (27) is connected with supporting seat (26);
Described laser head supporting seat (12) and supporting seat (26) are magnetic receiver.
2. a kind of wheel circumference surface roughness according to claim 1 and non-rounding abrasion portable laser measuring device is characterized in that: the periphery of described steamboat (21) is provided with the groove that caves in, and is inlaid with rubber ring in groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009102222570A CN101701806B (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Portable laser measuring device for wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009102222570A CN101701806B (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Portable laser measuring device for wheel circumference surface roughness and non-rounding abrasion |
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| CN101701806A CN101701806A (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| CN101701806B true CN101701806B (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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| CN102607426A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 西南交通大学 | Wheel profile laser measurement device |
| CN102620689B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-08-06 | 西南交通大学 | Steel rail corrugation laser measuring device |
| CN103226008B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-09-09 | 长春理工大学 | The synchronous collection method of prototype gear topographic data |
| CN103383294A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-11-06 | 江苏中新资源集团有限公司 | Yarn tension detector |
| CN103471555A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2013-12-25 | 常州西南交大金路轨道交通科技发展有限公司 | Portable device for measuring peripheral unevenness and diameter of wheel of railway vehicle |
| CN103994730B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-01-04 | 南京星顿医疗科技有限公司 | Column peripheral shape measurement apparatus and method |
| CN104627762A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-05-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Detection system and detection method of friction elevator rope groove wear loss |
| CN104655510B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-08-11 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | High speed railway track measuring instrument measurement wheel wearability test device |
| CN106871855A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-20 | 江西奈尔斯西蒙斯赫根赛特中机有限公司 | Non-pulling wheel Xuan lathes are to the polygonal measuring method of wheel |
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| CN107064925A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-08-18 | 贵州大学 | A kind of high frequency geological radar antenna measuring wheel |
| CN108398359B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2020-09-22 | 三峡大学 | Method for judging tire strain degree and evaluating safety |
| CN113983955A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-28 | 山东金特装备科技发展有限公司 | Contour scanning magnetic wall-climbing robot |
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