CN101699284A - Frozen-soil experiment system capable of applying dynamic load - Google Patents
Frozen-soil experiment system capable of applying dynamic load Download PDFInfo
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- CN101699284A CN101699284A CN200910131967A CN200910131967A CN101699284A CN 101699284 A CN101699284 A CN 101699284A CN 200910131967 A CN200910131967 A CN 200910131967A CN 200910131967 A CN200910131967 A CN 200910131967A CN 101699284 A CN101699284 A CN 101699284A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an apparatus in the field of frozen-soil experiments, in particular to a frozen-soil experiment system capable of applying a dynamic load, which consists of a hydraulic system and a computer control system, wherein the hydraulic system consists of a pump station, a hydraulic cylinder and a servo valve; the computer control system consists of a digital controller and a detection system; the digital controller adopts an architecture that a PC carriers a data acquisition board, and comprises the PC, the data acquisition board, a regulation circuit and a man-machine interface; the detection system consists of a displacement sensor and a force sensor; the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the force sensor, a circular pressure plate is connected with the bottom of the force sensor, and the displacement sensor is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder and the circular pressure plate; and meanwhile, the pump station, the servo valve, the hydraulic cylinder, the displacement sensor, the force sensor and a test piece are placed in a freezer. According to the technical scheme of the invention, a dynamic load can be applied onto the frozen-soil test piece to accurately simulate the change conditions of dynamic indexes of frozen soil when a train passes by.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the instrument in a kind of frozen soil experiment field, particularly a kind of soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load.It simulates bullet train ruuning situation under the different condition by the power that applies sinusoidal force or square wave form to soil sample, test under different temperatures soil freeze characteristic.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid economy development, the speed-raising of Existing Railway Line and high-speed railway are newly-built flourish.Northwest, North, Northeast China area in China are because problems such as the roadbed frost heave that native congelation brought, thaw collapse have seriously threatened the safety of bullet train operation.Therefore, study under the effect of bullet train dynamic load the characteristic of freezing of soil by experiment, thereby analyze the frost heave of subgrade soils, the reason that the thaw collapse disease produces, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of research freeze injury is to the important theory directive significance of building, raised speed of permafrost region high-speed railway subgrade.
In order to reach good simulate effect, improve experiment precision, soil freezes to test and needs a performance and the higher experimental facilities of reliability.In order to go out bullet train to the subgrade soils applied pressure by real simulation, require experimental provision can apply the dynamic force of amplitude and frequency adjustable, and higher power loading accuracy and displacement acquisition precision will be arranged the frozen soil test specimen.Because the experimental period duration is 72 hours, room temperature is relatively low in the experiment, and is also very high to the reliability requirement of experimental facilities.We can say that the performance of experimental facilities and reliability directly have influence on the researching value that soil freezes to test.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of soil experiment system that can apply dynamic loading, with accurate simulation and research under bullet train ruuning situation, soil freeze characteristic.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load is characterized in that described experimental system is made up of hydraulic system and computer control system; Described hydraulic system is made up of pumping plant, hydraulic cylinder, servo-valve three parts; Computer control system is made of digitial controller and detection system two parts; What described digitial controller adopted is the framework that PC carries data acquisition board, comprise PC, data acquisition board, modulate circuit and man-machine interface, consider the reliability of system, preceding discharge road, power amplifier, modulate circuit and power supply all are placed in the control box, and PC is connected by cable with control box; Data acquisition board is selected the collection plate of isa bus for use, digitial controller be responsible for to acquired signal handle, by the controlled signal of control algolithm and export to topworks; Described detection system is made of displacement transducer, force transducer; The piston rod of described hydraulic cylinder is connected with force transducer, is connected with circular platen under the force transducer, surperficial in full accord and close contact of the surface of circular platen and soil sample, and displacement transducer is arranged between hydraulic cylinder and the circular platen; The pressure that described computer control system is born by the force transducer soil sample and with set-point relatively back output control signal control servo-valve, hydraulic system is by the position of servo-valve control hydraulic cylinder piston rod, to regulate the pressure that soil sample is born; Displacement transducer is used for gathering the deflection of soil sample; During experiment, pumping plant, servo-valve, hydraulic cylinder, displacement transducer, force transducer and soil sample all be placed in the low temperature chamber carry out.
The no load discharge of servo-valve is 20L/min, and the pumping plant output power is 1KW.
Described pumping plant is made of constant pressure variable displacement pump, motor, control function element and servicing unit, and driven by motor constant pressure variable displacement pump and control element are realized the loading to hydraulic cylinder, and the maximum working pressure (MOP) of constant pressure variable displacement pump is 5MPa, and service pressure is 2.5MPa.
Described constant pressure variable displacement pump is selected vane pump for use, and its maximum flow is 20.16L, and the power of described motor is 1.5KW, and rotating speed is 1440r/min.
Described hydraulic cylinder is an asymmetrical cylinder, and this asymmetrical cylinder piston diameter is 40mm, and diameter of piston rod is 28mm, and stroke is 150mm.
Described force transducer is selected SPX-2 type force transducer for use.
Described data collecting card is for grinding magnificent PCL-818 data collecting card, and it is isa bus, 16 passages, 100KHz sampling rate.
Described circular platen diameter is 15cm.
This beneficial effect of the invention is:
(1), can apply dynamic load to soil sample, with the characteristic of freezing of soil in the accurate simulation bullet train operational process by above technical scheme;
(2) pumping plant, servo-valve, hydraulic cylinder, force transducer and soil sample are put into low temperature chamber and can simulate the atmospheric environment temperature, also solved the heat dissipation problem of pumping plant simultaneously;
(3) circular platen surface under the force transducer and frozen soil test specimen is surperficial in full accord, can guarantee that pressure is loaded on the soil sample equably;
(4) hydraulic cylinder selects for use the asymmetrical cylinder can conserve space, and reduce make journey this.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the soil experiment system block diagram that can apply dynamic load;
Fig. 2 is the hydraulic system pie graph;
Fig. 3 is the hydraulic power unit structural drawing;
Fig. 4 is that digital control system is formed structural drawing;
Fig. 5 is the software layer hierarchical structure chart.
Embodiment
Can apply the soil experiment system of dynamic load, form by hydraulic system and computer control system; Hydraulic system mainly is made up of servo-valve, hydraulic cylinder, pumping plant.Design of Hydraulic System is exactly the technical requirement according to system, the Optimization Design of utilization hydraulic system actuating unit is carried out designing and calculating to hydraulic system, obtain the performance index of each ingredient of hydraulic system, finally determine the model of each ingredient of hydraulic system.
With the energy consumption minimum is the optimal design that index is carried out hydraulic power mechanism.If the charge oil pressure of pumping plant is P
s, the pumping plant delivery rate is Q
s, then the output power of valve control system is N
s=P
sQ
sThe minimum i.e. N under the prerequisite that satisfies the load needs of so-called power consumption
sBe minimum.Work as P
sAfter fixing, promptly refer to Q
sMinimum.If ignore the flow loss between pump, the valve, then Q
sThat is to say the maximum flow Q when servo-valve is unloaded
M, be called for short no load discharge.Therefore be that the optimal design problem of index just is summed up as the servo-valve no load discharge Q that seeks the minimum that satisfies the load needs with the minimum that consumes energy
M
Hydraulic power unit comprises parts such as constant pressure variable displacement pump, motor, control function element and servicing unit, and the maximum working pressure (MOP) of constant pressure variable displacement pump is 5MPa, and service pressure is 2.5MPa.The no load discharge of servo-valve is 20L/min.The output power of pumping plant is 1KW.Here we select vane pump for use, and its maximum flow is 20.16L.The power of motor is 1.5KW, and rotating speed is 1440r/min.
According to the optimal design of hydraulic power mechanism, the no load discharge of servo-valve is 20L/min, simultaneously in order to prevent that servo-valve from stopping up, the SFL222 type local derviation jet servo valve of finally having selected for use the Ministry of Aerospace Industry to produce.Its standard rated flow is 20L/min, and internal leakage is less than 2L/min, and amplitude-frequency is wider than 80Hz, and rated current 10mA, coil resistance are 550 ± 50 Ω.Obviously such parameter is enough to satisfy the requirement of system.
Asymmetrical cylinder has oil cylinder processing, sealing is fairly simple, conserve space, and therefore advantage such as manufacturing cost is lower selects asymmetrical cylinder for use in native system.According to designing and calculating, determine that finally the asymmetrical cylinder piston diameter is 40mm, diameter of piston rod is 28mm, stroke 150mm.
Computer control system is made of digitial controller and detection system two parts.
What digitial controller adopted is the framework that PC carries data acquisition board.It mainly comprises PC, data acquisition board, modulate circuit and man-machine interface.Consider the reliability of system, preceding discharge road, power amplifier, modulate circuit and power supply all are placed in the control box, and PC is connected by cable with control box.Consider cost factor, adopted PC and industrial computer of no use, because selected the capture card of isa bus for use, so require the PC mainboard to have the ISA slot.Digitial controller mainly be responsible for to acquired signal handle, by the controlled signal of control algolithm and export to topworks.Detection system comprises displacement transducer and force transducer.Detection system is mainly used in collection position signal and force signal.
Digitial controller mainly consists of the following components:
Primary controller: the ordinary PC that has the ISA slot.(P
III800Hz/256M/20G)；
Biasing circuit: because the output voltage range of PCL-818 is 0～5V, but the electric current needs-10mA～10mA of control servo-valve, promptly need to power amplification circuit input-2.5V～2.5V voltage, will with the voltage transitions of 0～5V of capture card input be-2.5V～2.5V voltage by biasing circuit like this;
The AC-DC stabilized voltage supply: the 220V alternating current is converted to+5V ,+12V ,-the 12V direct current, be circuit board and sensor power supply.
For Industry Control and acquisition system, ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus is the implementation of a very economical practicality, and the 8MHz dominant frequency of isa bus also can satisfy the requirement of most of Electromechanical Control.Therefore in native system, adopted the data collecting card of isa bus.
The PCL-818 capture card is 12 isa bus high-performance multifunctional data acquisition cards, and its characteristic is as follows:
16 tunnel single-ended/8 road difference analogues inputs;
12 analog output channels;
In the test of frozen soil frost heave, the deformation quantity of frozen soil is the test figure of a key.System acquisition on-test constantly with process of the test in the value of a certain moment displacement transducer, and make of these two values and to differ from the deformation quantity that obtains the frozen soil test specimen.Because the deformation quantity of frozen soil test specimen is less, so require the collection value of displacement transducer will be accurate to 1mm.In order to reach this requirement, we have adopted high precision GA-75 type differential transformer displace.Its every technical indicator is as follows:
Factors such as consideration range, precision, installation have been selected SPX-2 type force transducer for use.Its technical indicator is as follows:
Linear: 0.05%
The output voltage of force transducer is the millivolt level, and we need be amplified to it the volt level for the data collecting card collection.In order to reach the purpose of accurate amplification, need to use high-precision meter amplifier AD620.
AD620 is a low cost, high-precision monolithic instrument amplifier, is 8 pin SOIC plastic packaging profiles, and pin package is shown in Fig. 3 .7.Its gain margin is 1～1000, and the maximum gain error is 0.7%, bandwidth 1MHz, and maximum power dissipation 650mW, minimum common-mode rejection ratio is 93dB.
Hydraulic coupling loading system software requirement is as follows:
1. in order to improve control accuracy, need every 1ms to finish the collection of pressure and position signalling, and calculate output signal according to control algolithm and come control executing mechanism.
2. every 500ms once upgrades video data.
3. draw the image of pressure signal.
4. select the form and the parameter of loading force by software, and detect selected parameter and whether meet the requirements.
5. can monitor various parameters and collection value in the process of the test.
6. form is as requested preserved test figure, and storing path and holding time can freely be selected.
7. select the diameter of platen by software.
8. friendly graphic interface is provided.
Consider the hommization of man-machine interface, when VC programmes, adopted framework,, realize the input of instruction, functions such as the input of information and demonstration with button and text box main means as man-machine interaction based on dialog box.
The test of frozen soil frost heave will load sinusoidal force and square wave power to test specimen, and the placement of frozen soil test specimen will be carried out position control for convenience simultaneously.Therefore, software mainly is divided into sinusoidal force test, test of square wave power and position control three parts.In sinusoidal force test and the test of square wave power, to realize functions such as the preservation of setting, test figure of monitoring, the parameter of data and drawing.In position control, to realize the monitoring function of position.
The software of this system can be divided into one of four states such as halted state, position control state, power loading standby condition, power stress state.During system start-up and power loading experiment end back system all can automatically switch to halted state.Hydraulic cylinder piston rod can all be regained in this state.Do can guarantee when system not being carried out the control of position control or power like this, hydraulic cylinder can the voltuntary movement because of the existence at servo-valve zero point.The position control state is that the position of platen is controlled, and the user can regulate the position of platen as required.Before carrying out the power load test, to load standby condition through exertin earlier.In this process, platen can be fallen on the frozen soil test specimen lentamente and apply a very little pressure for the frozen soil test specimen.Do like this is in order to prevent that platen from falling on the frozen soil test specimen with very big speed, to bring excessive impulsive force for frozen soil test specimen and hydraulic cylinder, test specimen and hydraulic cylinder being damaged.The speed that platen falls in this process is predefined, but because the falling speed of the drift reality at system mechanics zero point may depart from predetermined value, so in this process, system can eject the control interface automatically, so that the user regulates the speed that platen falls according to actual conditions.
The control interface is man-machine communication's a platform, and native system adopts the interface based on dialog box, sends instruction by button, by text box display monitoring data, input setting data.Control machine interface comprises sinusoidal force test monitoring interface, the test of square wave power monitoring interface, position control monitoring interface and relevant parameters setting and drawing interface.
Be elaborated according to 1～4 pair of technical scheme of Figure of description below:
A kind of soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load is made up of hydraulic system and computer control system; Described hydraulic system is made of pumping plant, hydraulic cylinder, servo-valve; Computer control system is made of digitial controller and detection system two large divisions; What described digitial controller adopted is the framework that PC carries data acquisition board, comprise PC, data acquisition board, modulate circuit and man-machine interface, consider the reliability of system, preceding discharge road, power amplifier, modulate circuit and power supply all are placed in the control box, and PC is connected by cable with control box; Data collecting plate card is selected the analog input card of isa bus for use, and the PC mainboard has the ISA slot equally, digitial controller be responsible for to acquired signal handle, by the controlled signal of control algolithm and export to topworks; Described detection system is made of displacement transducer, force transducer; Be connected on the force transducer under the piston rod of described hydraulic cylinder, be connected to circular platen under the force transducer, the surface of circular platen and soil sample surface are in full accord, between hydraulic cylinder and circular platen displacement transducer are set simultaneously; Simultaneously, pumping plant, servo-valve, hydraulic cylinder, displacement transducer, force transducer and test specimen being put into low temperature chamber carries out;
Computer control system by force transducer gather pressure that current frozen soil test specimen born and with set-point relatively back output control signal control servo-valve, hydraulic system is by the position of servo-valve control hydraulic cylinder piston rod, to regulate the pressure that the frozen soil test specimen bears; Displacement transducer is used for gathering the current location of platen, compares and can obtain the deflection of soil sample in the platen position with this value during with on-test.
The no load discharge of servo-valve is 20L/min, and the pumping plant output power is 1KW.
Described pumping plant is made of constant pressure variable displacement pump, motor, control function element and servicing unit, and driven by motor constant pressure variable displacement pump and control element are realized the loading to hydraulic cylinder, and the maximum working pressure (MOP) of constant pressure variable displacement pump is 5MPa, and service pressure is 2.5MPa.
Described constant pressure variable displacement pump is selected vane pump for use, and its maximum flow is 20.16L, and the power of described motor is 1.5KW, and rotating speed is 1440r/min.
Described hydraulic cylinder is an asymmetrical cylinder, and this asymmetrical cylinder piston diameter is 40mm, and diameter of piston rod is 28mm, and stroke is 150mm.
Described force transducer is selected SPX-2 type force transducer for use.
Described data collecting card is for grinding magnificent PCL-818 data collecting card, and it is isa bus, 16 passages, 100KHz sampling rate.
Described circular platen diameter is 15cm.
Claims (8)
1. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load is characterized in that, described experimental system is made up of hydraulic system and computer control system;
Described hydraulic system is made up of pumping plant, hydraulic cylinder, servo-valve three parts;
Computer control system is made of digitial controller and detection system two parts;
What described digitial controller adopted is the framework that PC carries data acquisition board, comprise PC, data acquisition board, modulate circuit and man-machine interface, consider the reliability of system, preceding discharge road, power amplifier, modulate circuit and power supply all are placed in the control box, and PC is connected by cable with control box; Data acquisition board is selected the collection plate of isa bus for use, digitial controller be responsible for to acquired signal handle, by the controlled signal of control algolithm and export to topworks;
Described detection system is made of displacement transducer, force transducer; The piston rod of described hydraulic cylinder is connected with force transducer, is connected with circular platen under the force transducer, surperficial in full accord and close contact of the surface of circular platen and soil sample, and displacement transducer is arranged between hydraulic cylinder and the circular platen;
The pressure that described computer control system is born by the force transducer soil sample and with set-point relatively back output control signal control servo-valve, hydraulic system is by the position of servo-valve control hydraulic cylinder piston rod, to regulate the pressure that soil sample is born; Displacement transducer is used for gathering the deflection of soil sample;
During experiment, pumping plant, servo-valve, hydraulic cylinder, displacement transducer, force transducer and soil sample all be placed in the low temperature chamber carry out.
2. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the no load discharge of servo-valve is 20L/min, and the pumping plant output power is 1KW.
3. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described pumping plant is made of constant pressure variable displacement pump, motor, control function element and servicing unit, driven by motor constant pressure variable displacement pump and control element are realized the loading to hydraulic cylinder, the maximum working pressure (MOP) of constant pressure variable displacement pump is 5MPa, and service pressure is 2.5MPa.
4. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 3 is characterized in that described constant pressure variable displacement pump is selected vane pump for use, and its maximum flow is 20.16L, and the power of described motor is 1.5KW, and rotating speed is 1440r/min.
5. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described hydraulic cylinder is an asymmetrical cylinder, and this asymmetrical cylinder piston diameter is 40mm, and diameter of piston rod is 28mm, and stroke is 150mm.
6. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described force transducer is selected SPX-2 type force transducer for use.
7. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described data collecting card is for grinding magnificent PCL-818 data collecting card, and it is isa bus, 16 passages, 100KHz sampling rate.
8. the soil experiment system that can apply dynamic load according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described circular platen diameter is 15cm.
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| CN102098010A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-15 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Multifunctional hydraulic servo power amplifier |
| CN102183455A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-09-14 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Heat insulating groove for dynamic load model test of rock soil |
| CN102513814A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-06-27 | 无锡威孚精密机械制造有限责任公司 | Constant pressure valve press-fit machine |
| CN102590468A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Testing system for deep soil freezing/thawing process |
| RU2473080C1 (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2013-01-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (САФУ) | Device for determining deformations and frost heaving force of soil |
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| RU2556681C1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-07-10 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (САФУ) | Instrument for determination of deformations of soil frost boil |
| CN105223085A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Gradient frozen soil experiment method under permanent rigidity and dead load compound action |
| CN105628512A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-06-01 | 四川大学 | Test box and system capable of simulating mechanical property of test piece under freeze-thaw temperature load |
| CN106370541A (en) * | 2016-10-02 | 2017-02-01 | 黑龙江八农垦大学 | Frictional wear test bench for soil touching component of agricultural machine |
| CN106640852A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 北京交通大学 | Detection and control system of servo valve temperature screen |
| CN108333053A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-07-27 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of rock Frozen-thawed cycled equipment that can apply axial compressive force |
| CN108407383A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-17 | 佛山市宏德机器制造有限公司 | A kind of hydraulic press piston closed-loop control system |
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| CN110954573A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-03 | 中南大学 | Unsaturated soil frost heaving instrument with multiple loading modes and frost heaving amount testing method |
| CN112067387A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Batch sample preparation device for frozen soil and use method thereof |
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| CN102098010A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-15 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Multifunctional hydraulic servo power amplifier |
| CN102183455A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-09-14 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Heat insulating groove for dynamic load model test of rock soil |
| CN102183455B (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Heat insulating groove for dynamic load model test of rock soil |
| RU2473080C1 (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2013-01-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (САФУ) | Device for determining deformations and frost heaving force of soil |
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| CN103245771B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-08-19 | 同济大学 | Artificial stratum freezing process is to the model test apparatus of surrounding environment effect and method |
| CN103245771A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-14 | 同济大学 | Device and method for testing surrounding effect model by using artificial ground freezing method |
| RU2556681C1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-07-10 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (САФУ) | Instrument for determination of deformations of soil frost boil |
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| CN105223085A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Gradient frozen soil experiment method under permanent rigidity and dead load compound action |
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| CN106640852A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 北京交通大学 | Detection and control system of servo valve temperature screen |
| CN108333053A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-07-27 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of rock Frozen-thawed cycled equipment that can apply axial compressive force |
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| CN109507016A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of multifactor Under Concrete durability test dynamic loading device and method |
| CN110954573A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-03 | 中南大学 | Unsaturated soil frost heaving instrument with multiple loading modes and frost heaving amount testing method |
| CN110954573B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-04-09 | 中南大学 | Unsaturated soil frost heaving instrument with multiple loading modes and frost heaving amount testing method |
| CN112067387A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Batch sample preparation device for frozen soil and use method thereof |
| CN112067387B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-10-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Batch sample preparation device for frozen soil and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20100428 |