CN101698987A - Welding structure of seamless steel rails with smooth operation up and down and large carrying capacity of welding seams - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a welding structure of seamless steel rails with smooth operation up and down and large carrying capacity of welding seams. The reinforced welding structure of the seamless steel rails with smooth operation up and down belongs to the technical field of welding of steel rails of trains. The welding structure of the invention comprises steel rails and welding seams, wherein the connecting parts of the steel rails are in inclined surfaces which are connected in a welding way; the inclined surfaces at the connecting parts of two parallel steel rails are asymmetrically arranged in a staggered way; the staggered length is larger than the length of a section of carriage; and each inclined surface is determined by being parallel with the y axis and forming 45 degree or 60 degree angle with the x axis. The inclined welding surfaces of the invention can prevent wheels from bumping up and down when the wheels pass through the welding seams; compared with straight welding surfaces, the inclined welding surfaces can increase the welding area, reduce pure positive tension stress and pure shearing stress, and can increase the carrying capacity of the steel rails to the wheels; and even the aluminothermic welding is adopted, the welding strength and welding reliability can also be ensured, and the aluminothermic welding can improve the welding efficiency, simplify the welding technology and save the welding cost and can be operated in an on-line way. The invention is especially suitable for welding seamless long rails of heavy load trains and high-speed CRH, and can also be used for welding seamless steel rails of urban rail trains.

Description

The gapless rail welded construction that smooth operation up and down weld seam supporting capacity is big

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of track train rail welding, is to change the oblique solder side that is diagonal to rail with existing into perpendicular to the straight longitudinally solder side of rail specifically.

Background technology

Modern heavy duty, high-speed track train generally adopt the integral solder technology of rail, because solder side and rail is vertical vertical, this just certainly leads to following adverse consequences: 1. pitch with regard to generation during by weld seam 4 when wheel tread; 2. what wheel weight acted on up and down solder side is pure vertical shearing force, and what wheel rim acted on about to rail is pure cross shear, and wheel is to being pure pulling force by rail the place ahead to the effect of rail rear; 3. the welding procedure that adopts of the welding of present seamless long rail all exists some problems to need to solve: flash welding weld strength height, good reliability, it is the welding procedure that rail welding generally adopts, but flash welding equipment complexity, cost height, power demand height, and inconvenient on-line operation, greyness also is the weld defect that is difficult to elimination; Gas pressure welding then is the temperature weave in of high temperature oxygen acetylene torch and heated welding point, thus be difficult to accurately to measure the true temperature of welding point, and also existing problems of the enforcement of pressure and control; The welding quality instability of arc welding, welding efficiency is lower; Exothermic welding, though need not complicated special equipment, welding procedure is easy, also suitable online welding, the seam of welding is an as-cast structure, and its weld strength is lower, and removing the track switch welding at present still has application, does not generally adopt.4. continue to use traditional steel rail laying method, the vertical solder side bilateral symmetry of two rail, wheel acts on left and right sides weld seam simultaneously, and this reliability to traveling comfort and carrying is more unfavorable.

Because pure shear stress and pure tensile stress are disadvantageous stresses, wheel is to the effect repeatedly of rail in long-time running, can make solder side produce micro-crack, the vicious circle of micro-crack extension, even can the formation accident, in order to improve rail in the long-term operating stationarity of train, safety, reliability and durability, pitching when just needing to eliminate wheel tread by weld seam, and reduce tensile stress, shear stress, and their compound unfavorable stresses, this is one of major issue that the modern times are heavily loaded, bullet train integral seamless welded rails needs to be resolved hurrily.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to for solving the problem of above-mentioned existence, a kind of pitching can eliminate wheel tread by weld seam the time proposed, the supporting capacity of solder side can be increased again, and the geometry and the mechanical structure of the new joint face of more easy welding procedure can be adopted.

The present invention is made of rail 7 and weld seam, and the junction of rail 7 is the inclined-plane, and connects with welding manner, and welding manner is exothermic welding, arc welding, gas pressure welding and flash welding, and is the most suitable with exothermic welding; Article two, inclined weld 5 dislocation of parallel steel rails 7 are arranged, and dislocation length is greater than the length in a joint compartment; The inclined-plane is constituted certain angle alpha with the x axle and is determined that the α angle is 45 ° or 60 ° by parallel with the y axle.

In actual applications, roadbed is that existing steel concrete does not have the quarrel roadbed, rail 7 is existing used various types of rail of heavy haul train, EMU and city railway train, and the sleeper 8 that rail 7 is connected with roadbed, backing plate 9, backing plate set bolt 10, fastener 11 are constant fully.

The mechanical characteristics of junction, rail inclined-plane is expressed by following parameter:

A. oblique solder side A _αThan the straight solder side A that is parallel to xoy ₀Area recruitment Δ A _α

B. vertical load F _yAct on oblique solder side A _αPure shear stress τ _{α y}Than vertical load F _yAct on straight solder side A ₀Pure shear stress τ _0yReduction Δ τ _y

When c. train operation is in the rear of inclined weld, load F from inside to outside _xAlong the α directive effect in oblique solder side A _αPure shear stress τ _αThan from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure shear stress τ _0xReduction Δ τ _x

When d. train operation is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from inside to outside along the α directive effect in oblique solder side A _αPure shear stress τ ' _αThan from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure shear stress τ _0xReduction Δ τ ' _x

When e. train operation is in the rear of inclined weld, from back to front along z to acting on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma _α, than from back to front along z to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduction Δ σ _z

When f. train operation is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from front to back along z to acting on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma ' _α, than from front to back along z to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduction Δ σ ' _z

Parameter is expressed the oblique solder side A among a _αThan the straight solder side A that is parallel to xoy ₀Area recruitment Δ A _αCalculate by following formula:

${\mathrm{\ΔA}}_{\mathrm{\α}}=\frac{A_{\mathrm{\α}}-A_0}{A_0}=\frac{1}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}-1---\left(1\right)$

If the specification of rail and material are constant, welding medium material and welding procedure are constant, and the supporting capacity of weld seam has correspondingly also increased Δ A _α

Parameter is expressed the vertical load F among the b _yAct on oblique solder side A _αPure shear stress τ _{α y}Than vertical load F _yAct on straight solder side A ₀Pure shear stress τ _0yReduction Δ τ _yCalculate by following formula:

${\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}_y=\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0y}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{\αy}}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0y}}=1-\cos \mathrm{\α}---\left(2\right)$

Resolve with reference to Fig. 4: train operation is in oblique solder side A _αDuring the rear, act on the transverse load F of ABED part _x, act on solder side A ' B ' by solder side AB, act on oblique solder side A from inside to outside _αStress f _{α x}By pure tensile stress sigma _{α x}With pure shear stress τ _{α x}Form; Act on the longitudinal loading F of ABED _zBe to act on welding inclined-plane A ' B ' oblique solder side A by inclined-plane AB _αStress f _{α z}Be by pure tensile stress sigma _{α z}With pure shear stress τ _{α z}Form.The combined stress of pure tensile stress is σ _α, σ _α=σ _{α x}+ σ _{α z}The combined stress of pure shear stress is τ _α, τ _α=τ _{α x}-τ _{α z}

Wherein: σ _{α x}=τ _0xSin α cos α σ _{α z}=σ _0zCos ²α

τ _αx＝τ _0x?cos ²α τ _αz＝τ _0zsinα·cosα

Therefore, f _{α x}In pure shear stress τ _{α x}And f _{α z}Pure shear stress τ _{α z}Synthetic pure shear stress is τ _α

τ _α＝τ _0xcos ²α-σ _0zsinα·cosα

As from the foregoing:

When parameter is expressed train operation among the c and is in the rear of inclined weld, from inside to outside along the α directive effect in oblique solder side A _αPure shear stress τ _αThan from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure shear stress τ _0xReduction Δ τ _xCalculate by following formula:

${\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}_x=\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}+\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}---\left(3\right)$

Resolve with reference to Fig. 4: the transverse load F that acts on track A ' B ' E ' D ' part _x, be to act on the welding inclined-plane AB oblique solder side A by welding inclined-plane A ' B ' _αStress f ' _{α x}Be by pure compression stress ot ' _{α x}With pure shear stress τ ' _{α x}Form, act on the longitudinal loading F of A ' B ' E ' D ' _zBe to act on the welding inclined-plane AB oblique solder side A by inclined-plane A ' B ' _αStress f ' _{α z}Be by pure tensile stress sigma ' _{α z}With pure shear stress τ ' _{α z}Form, the combined stress of pure stress is σ ' _α, σ ' _α=σ ' _{α z}-σ ' _{α x}The combined stress of pure shear stress is τ ' _α, τ ' _α=τ ' _{α x}+ τ ' _{α z}

Wherein: σ ' _{α x}=τ _0xSin α cos α σ ' _{α z}=σ _0zCos ²α

τ′ _αx＝τ _0xcos ²α τ′ _αz＝τ _0zsinα·cosα

Therefore, f ' _{α x}In pure shear stress τ ' _{α x}And f ' _{α z}Pure shear stress τ ' _{α z}Synthetic pure shear stress is τ ' _α

τ′ _α＝τ _0xcos ²α+σ _0zsinα·cosα

As from the foregoing:

When parameter is expressed train operation among the d and is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from inside to outside along the α directive effect in oblique solder side A _αPure shear stress τ ' _αThan from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure shear stress τ _0xReduction Δ τ ' _xCalculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\τ}}_x^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}-\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}---\left(4\right)$

When parameter is expressed train operation among the e and is in the rear of inclined weld, from back to front along z to acting on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma _α, than from back to front along z to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduction Δ σ _zCalculate by following formula:

${\mathrm{\Δ\σ}}_z=\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}-{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}-\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}---\left(5\right)$

Resolve: act on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma _α=σ _{α z}+ σ _{α x}, therefore act on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma _αThan acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduced Δ σ _z

When parameter is expressed train operation among the f and is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from front to back along z to acting on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma ' _α, than from front to back along z to acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduction Δ σ ' _zCalculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\σ}}_z^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}-{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}^{\′}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}+\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}---\left(6\right)$

Resolve: act on oblique solder side A _αPure compression stress ot ' _α=σ ' _{α z}-σ ' _{α x}, therefore act on oblique solder side A _αPure tensile stress sigma ' _αThan acting on straight solder side A ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduced Δ σ ' _z

Beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. oblique solder side A _αPitching when having eliminated wheel: because oblique solder side A by weld seam _αBe parallel to the y axle, become the α angle with the x axle, so during the inclined weld 5 of wheel process rail head, tread 6 is not to contact fully with inclined weld 5, but contact with inclined weld 5 inside and outside two parts, so wheel load is born by two parts inside and outside the rail head jointly by tread 6, this has just eliminated because the depression of weld seam, cause wheel along y to pitch;

2. the area and the welding supporting capacity of welding have been increased: because oblique solder side A _αArea increases, and pure tensile stress and pure shear stress are reduced, so even adopt the exothermic welding welding also can guarantee weld strength and welding reliability;

3. can improve welding efficiency, simplify welding procedure, save welding cost with the exothermic welding welding, but and on-line operation;

4. can increase rail to taking turns right supporting capacity;

5. be specially adapted to heavy haul train and EMU welding seamless long rails, also can be used for the welding of city railway train gapless rail.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the oblique solder side of rail and the vertical view of straight solder side

Fig. 2 is oblique solder side and straight solder side stress schematic diagram for wheel acts on

Fig. 3 is the laying schematic diagram that staggers before and after two steel rail welding lines

Fig. 4 is the stress state figure schematic diagram of oblique solder side

Wherein: 1. the flange of rail 2. rail heads 3. webs of the rail 4. straight welds 5. inclined welds 6. wheel treads 7. rail 8. sleepers 9. backing plates 10. backing plate bolts 11. fastener A ₀--straight solder side; A _α--oblique solder side; f _{α x}--when train is in inclined weld rear ABED, load F _xBy the stress of AB ramp effect on A ' B ' inclined-plane; σ _{α x}--when train was in inclined weld rear ABED, load was by AB ramp effect f on A ' B ' inclined-plane _{α x}Positive tensile stress; τ _{α x}--when train was in inclined weld rear ABED, load was by AB ramp effect f on A ' B ' inclined-plane _{α x}Pure shear stress; f _{α z}--when train is in inclined weld the place ahead A ' B ' E ' D ', load F _zBy the stress of A ' B ' ramp effect on the AB inclined-plane; σ _{α z}--f on the AB face _{α z}Positive tensile stress; τ _{α z}--f on the AB face _{α z}Pure shear stress; F ' _{α x}--load F _xBy the stress of A ' B ' ramp effect on the AB inclined-plane; F ' _{α z}--load F _zBy the stress of A ' B ' ramp effect on the AB inclined-plane; σ ' _{α x}--act on f ' on the AB inclined-plane _{α x}Normal stress; σ ' _{α z}--act on f ' on the AB inclined-plane _{α z}Normal stress; τ ' _{α x}--act on f ' on the AB inclined-plane _{α x}Pure shear stress; τ ' _{α z}--act on f ' on the AB inclined-plane _{α z}Pure shear stress; F _z--when train operation is in the rear ABED of inclined weld, act on the load on the rail from back to front; F _x--when train operation is in the rear of inclined weld or the place ahead, from inside to outside along the horizontal load of rail; F ' _z--when train operation is in the place ahead A ' B ' E ' D ' of inclined weld, act on the load on the rail from front to back.

The specific embodiment

Below for using the welded production instance of increased strength of smooth operation up and down gapless rail of the present invention:

With the termination of two sections rail to be welded by after being parallel to the y axle, becoming the α angle to be processed into the inclined-plane with the x axle, again, about alignment and reserve suitable gap, with exothermic welding welding procedure welding, push away protruding, polishing, heat treatment subsequently, promptly finish the welding of miter joint.

The existing xoy of being parallel to, be A perpendicular to the area of the straight solder side of z axle ₀The vertical A that acts on of wheel tread ₀Stress be pure shear stress τ _0y, τ _0y=F _y/ A ₀Wheel rim laterally acts on A ₀Stress be pure shear stress τ _0x, τ _0x=F _x/ A ₀Wheel along the rail directive effect in A ₀Stress be pure tensile stress sigma _0z, σ _0z=F _z/ A ₀

Because the train operation wheel rim is to the horizontal force F of rail head side of rail _xPass through rail the place ahead to the rail rear or by the directed force F of rear less than wheel tread to the place ahead _zSo, τ _0x＜τ _0z, set

And to choose α be different special angles, and convolution (1)～(6) are obtained respectively: tiltedly solder side area or solder side supporting capacity increase Δ A _α, along y to loading in inclined-plane A _αOn pure shear stress τ _{α y}Face A directly than acting on ₀Pure shear stress τ _0yReduced Δ τ _y, act on inclined-plane A _αPure shear stress τ along the α direction _α, τ ' _αFace A directly than acting on ₀Pure shear stress τ along the x direction _0xReduced Δ τ _x, Δ τ ' _x, act on inclined-plane A _αOn pure tensile stress sigma _α, σ ' _αFace A directly than acting on ₀Pure tensile stress sigma _0zReduced Δ σ _z, Δ σ ' _z, provide following production instance:

1, get α=30 °:

ΔA _α＝15.5％，Δτ _y＝13.4％，

2, get α=45 °:

ΔA _α＝41.4％，Δτ _y＝29.3％，

3, get α=60 °:

ΔA _α＝100％，Δτ _y＝50％，

Claims (9)

1. the gapless rail welded construction that smooth operation up and down weld seam supporting capacity is big is made of rail and weld seam, it is characterized in that the junction of rail (7) is the inclined-plane, and connects with welding manner; Article two, the dislocation of the inclined weld (5) of parallel steel rails (7) is arranged, and dislocation length is greater than the length in a joint compartment; The inclined-plane is constituted special angle (α) with the x axle and is determined that the mechanical characteristics of junction, rail inclined-plane is expressed by following parameter by parallel with the y axle:

A. oblique solder side (A _α) than the straight solder side (A that is parallel to the xoy face ₀) area recruitment (Δ A _α);

B. vertical load (F _y) act on oblique solder side (A _α) pure shear stress (τ _{α y}) than vertical load (F _y) act on straight solder side (A ₀) pure shear stress (τ _0y) reduction (Δ τ _y);

When c. train operation is in the rear of inclined weld, load F from inside to outside _xAlong the α directive effect in oblique solder side (A _α) pure shear stress (τ _α) than from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure shear stress (τ _0x) reduction (Δ τ _x);

When d. train operation is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from inside to outside along the α directive effect in oblique solder side (A _α) pure shear stress (τ ' _α) than from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure shear stress (τ _0x) reduction (Δ τ ' _x);

When e. train operation is in the rear of inclined weld, from back to front along z to acting on oblique solder side (A _α) pure tensile stress (σ _α), than from back to front along z to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure tensile stress (σ _0z) reduction Δ σ _z

When f. train operation is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from front to back along z to acting on oblique solder side (A _α) pure tensile stress (σ ' _α), than from front to back along z to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure tensile stress (σ _0z) reduction (Δ σ ' _z).

2. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, it is characterized in that the oblique solder side (A described in the parameter expression a _α) than the straight solder side (A that is parallel to xoy ₀) area recruitment (Δ A _α) calculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{A}_{\mathrm{\α}}=\frac{A_{\mathrm{\α}}-A_0}{A_0}=\frac{1}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}-1$

3. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, it is characterized in that the vertical load (F described in the parameter expression b _y) act on oblique solder side (A _α) pure shear stress (τ _{α y}) than vertical load (F _y) act on straight solder side (A ₀) pure shear stress (τ _0y) reduction (Δ τ _y) calculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\τ}}_y=\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0y}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{\αy}}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0y}}=1-\cos \mathrm{\α}$

4. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, when it is characterized in that parameter is expressed the train operation described in the c and is in the rear of inclined weld, from inside to outside along the α directive effect in oblique solder side (A _α) pure shear stress (τ _α) than from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure shear stress (τ _0x) reduction (Δ τ _x) calculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\τ}}_x=\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}+\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}$

5. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, when it is characterized in that parameter is expressed the train operation described in the d and is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from inside to outside along the α directive effect in oblique solder side (A _α) pure shear stress (τ ' _α) than from inside to outside along x to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure shear stress (τ _0x) reduction (Δ τ ' _x) calculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\τ}}_x^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}-\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}$

6. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, when it is characterized in that parameter is expressed the train operation described in the e and is in the rear of inclined weld, from back to front along z to acting on oblique solder side (A _α) pure tensile stress (σ _α), than from back to front along z to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure tensile stress (σ _0z) reduction (Δ σ _z) calculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\σ}}_z=\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}-{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}+\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}$

7. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, when it is characterized in that parameter is expressed the train operation described in the f and is in the place ahead of inclined weld, from front to back along z to acting on oblique solder side (A _α) pure tensile stress (σ ' _α), than from front to back along z to acting on straight solder side (A ₀) pure tensile stress (σ _0z) reduction (Δ σ ' _z) calculate by following formula:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{\mathrm{\σ}}_z^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}-{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{\α}}^{\′}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}=1-{\cos }^2\mathrm{\α}-\frac{{\mathrm{\τ}}_{0x}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{0z}}\sin \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\α}$

8. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, it is characterized in that described is 45 ° or 60 ° with x angle that axle becomes (α).

9. by the big gapless rail welded construction of the described smooth operation up and down weld seam of claim 1 supporting capacity, it is characterized in that described welding manner is exothermic welding, arc welding, gas pressure welding or flash welding.

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