CN101696074B - 一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN101696074B
CN101696074B CN2009101912066A CN200910191206A CN101696074B CN 101696074 B CN101696074 B CN 101696074B CN 2009101912066 A CN2009101912066 A CN 2009101912066A CN 200910191206 A CN200910191206 A CN 200910191206A CN 101696074 B CN101696074 B CN 101696074B
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coking wastewater
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iron
coking
water
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CN101696074A (zh
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张亮
朱玉红
林女玉
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CISDI Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于钢铁工业给排水领域，具体涉及一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺。包括焦化废水按常规方法进行的两级处理，其特征在于：收集焦化厂常规生化处理出水，引入潜流型人工湿地，进行深度处理后用于高炉水渣循环系统补充水。所述的深度处理是在湿地内种植经驯化的美人蕉、风车草等根系发达的植物，利用植物-土壤-微生物三者的综合吸附、降解作用有效去除焦化废水中难以生物降解的多环芳香族化合物、酚氰化合物，有效改善焦化废水水质。本发明节约投资、便于实现、处理效果明显、适用于国内钢铁企业的焦化废水处理工艺，实现焦化废水零排放。

Description

一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁工业给排水领域，具体涉及一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺。
技术背景
钢铁厂高炉炼铁过程中需要大量的焦炭将氧化铁还原成铁金属。焦炭还充当燃料。提供骨架作用以让气体自由通过高炉料层。生产焦炭的过程会产生大量的焦化废水，焦化废水是煤在高温干馏过程中以及煤气净化、化学产品精制过程中形成的废水，焦化废水中含有酚、氨氮、氧、苯，吡啶、吲哚和喹啉等几十种污染物，成分复杂，污染物浓度高、色度低、毒性大，性质非常稳定，其中一些还是强致癌物，是一种典型的难降解有机工业废水。
目前焦化废水一般按常规方法进行两级处理。第一级处理包括：隔油、过滤(或一次沉降)，溶剂萃取脱酚，蒸氨，黄血盐脱氰等。第二级处理包括：浮选、生物脱酚、混凝沉淀等。焦化废水经上述预处理和常规生化两级处理后，出水中酚、氰化物、COD及氨氮仍然很难达标，尤其是COD及氨氮两项指标严重超标，且由于有机物含量较高、成分复杂，亦不适合采用膜技术进行深度处理，更不可能达到零排放。国内当前绝大部分焦化废水均是进行上述两级处理后直接排放，对周围环境造成极大危害。原国家发改委经贸委2004年11月76号公告《焦化行业准入条件》中明确规定，“焦化废水经处理后做到内部循环使用”“不得外排”，这一决策对焦化废水的综合处理和消纳技术提出了新的要求。
发明内容
针对当前钢铁厂焦化废水处理的技术现状，结合国家对焦化废水处理的决策要求，提供一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺。本发明节约投资、便于实现、处理效果明显、适用于国内钢铁企业的焦化废水处理工艺，实现焦化废水零排放。
本发明提供的焦化废水处理工艺具体流程为：
首先对焦化废水按常规方法进行两级处理。第一级处理包括：隔油、过滤(或一次沉降)，溶剂萃取脱酚，蒸氨，黄血盐脱氰等；第二级处理包括：浮选、生物脱酚、混凝沉淀等。然后，收集焦化厂两级处理的出水，引入潜流型人工湿地进行深度处理后用于高炉水渣循环系统补充水，最终通过水渣固体制品方式外运或制品再利用，实现焦化废水的零排放。
本发明将经过常规生化处理的焦化废水(COD浓度约150~300mg/L)引至潜流型人工湿地进行深度处理，湿地内种植经驯化的美人蕉、风车草等根系发达的植物，利用植物-土壤-微生物三者的综合吸附、降解作用有效去除焦化废水中难以生物降解的多环芳香族化合物、酚氰化合物，有效改善焦化废水水质。
人工湿地出水全部作为高炉水渣循环系统的补充水。中试试验结果显示，焦化废水进入水渣循环系统后，冲渣后的系统回收水TOC含量有显著下降，并产生部分还原性无机物，表明在高炉冲渣这种高温条件下，水中残留的难降解有机物被氧化分解。同时，对渣样成分分析的结果表明，焦化废水冲渣后，高炉渣依然符合国家标准和使用要求。
附图说明
图1为焦化废水进行深度处理的工艺流程
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但并不因此将本发明限定在以下具体方式之中。
首先对焦化废水按常规方法进行两级处理，然后，收集焦化厂两级处理的出水，引入潜流型人工湿地，进行深度处理后用于高炉水渣循环系统补充水。
某规划的达到国际先进水平的1000万吨钢铁厂濒海建设，由于附近有国家重点海产养殖基地和旅游度假村，要求能实现焦化废水零排放。
主要设计参数：焦化生化处理出水：0.7万吨/天
在高炉附近的绿化带内设置潜流型人工湿地，采用经过中试试验筛选的美人蕉作为湿地植物，将焦化生化出水接入人工湿地，出水采用泵输送至高炉水冲渣循环系统。经过人工湿地处理的焦化废水，氰化物、COD及酚类物质浓度显著下降，出水呈无色无味状。定期对湿地植物进行收割后焚烧处理或填埋。
钢铁厂内高炉炉渣量为320万吨/年，吨渣耗水量为0.8吨水/吨渣，由此得高炉炉渣年耗水量为256万吨水/年。焦化生化处理出水为0.7万吨/天，年排水量为245万吨水/年，可全部用于高炉水渣系统的补充水，不会产生废水外排。

Claims (1)

1.一种钢铁厂焦化废水零排放处理工艺，包括焦化废水按常规方法进行的两级处理，其特征在于：收集焦化厂两级处理的出水，引入潜流型人工湿地，进行深度处理后用于高炉水渣循环系统补充水；所述的深度处理是在湿地内种植经驯化的美人蕉、风车草，利用植物-土壤-微生物三者的综合吸附、降解作用有效去除焦化废水中难以生物降解的多环芳香族化合物、酚氰化合物，有效改善焦化废水水质。
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JP2005270696A (ja) * 2004-03-23 2005-10-06 Jfe Kankyo Corp 下水汚泥のリサイクル方法
CN101293708A (zh) * 2007-04-25 2008-10-29 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种人工湿地及其应用

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005270696A (ja) * 2004-03-23 2005-10-06 Jfe Kankyo Corp 下水汚泥のリサイクル方法
CN101293708A (zh) * 2007-04-25 2008-10-29 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种人工湿地及其应用

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