CN101694419B - Method for identifying carrying cable in need of cable force adjustment based on stress monitoring - Google Patents
Method for identifying carrying cable in need of cable force adjustment based on stress monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for identifying a carrying cable in need of cable force adjustment based on stress monitoring, which is realized by making several mechanical calculations based on mechanical calculation benchmark models so as to calculate the number of cables. Each calculation assumes that only one cable has unit damage and obtains a current vector for stress calculation; a stress change vector is obtained by the current vector for each stress calculation minus initial stress vector; and all the stress change vectors form a stress change matrix for virtual unit damage. Based on the near-linear relationship between the current stress vector and the initial stress vector and the near-linear relationship between the stress change matrix for virtual unit damage and the current virtual damage vector, a multi-target optimizing algorithm and the like can be used for calculating a noninferior solution of the current virtual damage vector, and accordingly virtual damaged cables can be identified. After true damaged cables are identified from the virtual damaged cables by using nondestructive examination or the same, remaining virtual damaged cables are cables in need of cable force adjustment. Based on the relationship between the slack degree and the virtual damage degree, the lengths of cables in need of adjustment can be determined.
Description
Technical field
Rope supporting structure (particularly large-scale Cable Structure is discerned in the monitoring that the present invention is based on strain equivalent, for example large-scale cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge) cable system (referring to all support cables) in need adjust the support cable of Suo Li, and provide the long adjustment amount of concrete rope, belong to the engineering structure security fields.
Background technology
Cable system is Cable Structure (particularly large-scale Cable Structure normally; for example large-scale cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge) key components; owing to reason such as lax; new construction is completed, and the Suo Li of support cable can change usually after a period of time; the lax variation that also can cause the supporting cable force of its support cable behind the structure long service; these change the variation that all will cause structural internal force; safety to structure causes harmful effect; will cause the inefficacy of structure when serious, therefore accurately and timely discern the support cable that needs to adjust Suo Li and be very important.
The health status of support cable system changes and (for example takes place lax, damage etc.) after, except meeting causes the variation of Suo Li, also can cause the variation of other measurable parameter of structure, for example also can influence the distortion or the strain of Cable Structure, therefore the variation of strain has comprised the health status information of cable system, that is to say the health status that to utilize the structural strain data to judge structure, therefore can discern the rope that needs to adjust Suo Li based on strain monitoring, a method of can rational and effective setting up the relation of (specifically the characteristic parameter according to rope characterizes the rope that needs to adjust Suo Li) between the characteristic parameter of monitored amount with all ropes so just must be arranged, and the need of setting up based on this method are adjusted the recognition result of the support cable of Suo Li just can be more credible.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the objective of the invention is at identification problem in the cable system in the Cable Structure, that need the support cable of adjustment Suo Li, disclose a kind of structure health monitoring method monitoring, that can discern the support cable that needs adjustment Suo Li rationally and effectively based on strain equivalent.
Reason according to the Suo Li of support cable changes can change the two kinds of situations that be divided into the Suo Li of support cable: the one, and support cable has been subjected to damage, and for example localized cracks and corrosion or the like have appearred in support cable; The 2nd, support cable and not damaged, but variation has also taken place in Suo Li, the one of the main reasons that this variation occurs is that variation has taken place the Suo Changdu (be called drift, the present invention specially refers to the drift of that section rope between support cable two supporting end points) under the support cable free state (this moment, Suo Zhangli claimed that also Suo Li is 0).One of fundamental purpose of the present invention will identify drift exactly the support cable that changes has taken place, and identifies the change amount of their drift, and this change amount provides direct foundation for the Suo Li adjustment of this rope.The reason that the support cable drift changes is not single, and for convenience, the present invention is referred to as slack line with the support cable that drift changes.
Technical scheme: the present invention is made up of three parts.Be respectively the method for setting up required knowledge base of the health monitoring systems be used for discerning support cable cable system, that need to adjust Suo Li and parameter, based on knowledge base (containing parameter), based on the software and hardware part of the structural healthy monitoring system of the support cable that need monitoring, the identification Cable Structure of strain equivalent are adjusted the method for the support cable of Suo Li, the need that are used to discern cable system are adjusted Suo Li.
First of the present invention: set up the required knowledge base of the health monitoring systems be used for discerning support cable cable system, that need to adjust Suo Li and the method for parameter.Can be divided into following three steps:
1. set up the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model (for example benchmark finite element model) of Cable Structure.Design drawing according to Cable Structure, the measured data of as-constructed drawing and Cable Structure (comprises the structure angle-data, shape data, the rope force data, measured datas such as structural modal data, to cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge and the angle-data of Yan Shiqiao, the bridge type data, the rope force data, the modal data of bridge), utilize mechanics method (for example finite element method) to set up the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of this structure (for example benchmark finite element model), the Structure Calculation data that calculate based on this calculating benchmark model are (to cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge and the angle-data of Yan Shiqiao, the bridge type data, the rope force data, the modal data of bridge etc.) must be very near its measured data, error generally must not be greater than 5%.Can guarantee like this to calculate Suo Li computational data, angle calculation data and planform computational data etc. under the analog case of calculating gained on the benchmark model, the measured data when truly taking place near analog case reliably at this.
Provide the definition of part amount required for the present invention below earlier:
Use " initially " specially to refer to 3 kinds of situations in the present invention, be respectively: in that moment that the A. Cable Structure begins one's duty, this moment, support cable did not have lax, not damaged, can suppose that maybe it does not have lax, not damaged; B. monitoring system is opened that moment of coming into operation, and determines that through detecting this moment, support cable did not have lax, not damaged, maybe can suppose lax, the not damaged of its nothing; C. support cable does not have lax, not damaged, can suppose that maybe it does not have lax, undamaged that moment." initially " is reference point, the reference moment, starting point and the initial moment of subsequent calculations, assessment in a word.For example mention the initial B vector (A and B are designates) of A in the present invention here,
Just refer under, not damaged (or hypothesis support cable this moment does not have lax, the not damaged) condition lax the B vector of A (A and B are designates) here in support cable.
Use " current " specially to refer to after Cable Structure is on active service a period of time in the present invention, in this moment that relaxes and damage of assessment support cable, this moment support cable have lax, damage arranged, may there be lax, not damaged yet, need after assessment, could determine to have or not actually lax, not damaged and degree are arranged how, the present invention will provide a kind of like this appraisal procedure exactly.For example mention the current B vector (A and B are designates) of A in the present invention here, just refer to that moment lax in the needs assessment support cable, degree of injury, the B vector of A (A and B are designates) here.
If total N root support cable in the cable system, structure rope force data is described by the Suo Li of N root support cable.Available initial rope force vector F
oThe initial Suo Li (formula (1) is seen in definition) of all support cables in the expression Cable Structure.Because the initial Suo Li that calculates gained based on the calculating benchmark model of Cable Structure approaches the measured data of initial Suo Li reliably, in the narration of back, will represent this calculated value and measured value with prosign.
F
o＝[F
o1?F
o2···F
oi···F
oN]
T (1)
F in the formula (1)
Oi(i=1,2,3 ...., N) being the initial Suo Li of i root support cable in the Cable Structure, this element is according to the Suo Li of coding rule corresponding to the appointment support cable.T represents the transposition (back together) of vector.Every element that is designated as down i in each vector is hereinafter all represented the relevant information of i root support cable.
The current cable power (formula (2) is seen in definition) of representing all support cables in the Cable Structure among the present invention with current cable force vector F.
F＝[F
1?F
2···F
1···F
N]
T (2)
F in the formula (2)
i(i=1,2,3 ...., N) be the current cable power of i root support cable in the Cable Structure.
Among the present invention, under support cable original state (not damaged, do not have lax), and support cable is when being in free state (free state refers to that Suo Li is 0, back with), and the length of support cable is called initial drift, with the initial drift vector of support cable l
oThe initial drift (formula (3) is seen in definition) of all support cables in the expression Cable Structure.
l
o＝[l
o1?l
o2···l
oi···l
oN]
T (3)
L in the formula (3)
Oi(i=1,2,3 ...., N) be the initial drift of i root support cable in the Cable Structure.
Among the present invention, represent the current drift (formula (4) is seen in definition) of all support cables in the Cable Structure with the current drift vector of support cable l.
l＝[l
1?l
2···l
i···l
N]
T (4)
L in the formula (4)
i(i=1,2,3 ...., N) be the current drift of i root support cable in the Cable Structure.
Among the present invention, change vector (or claiming support cable current relax level vector) Δ l with the support cable drift and represent the change amount (formula (5) and formula (6) are seen in definition) of the drift of all support cables in the Cable Structure.
Δl＝[Δl
1?Δl
2···Δl
i···Δl
N]
T (5)
Δ l in the formula (5)
i(i=1,2,3 ...., N) being the change amount of the drift of i root support cable in the current cable structure, formula (6), Δ l are seen in its definition
iBe not that 0 rope is a slack line, Δ l
iNumerical value be the slack of rope, and the current relax level of expression cable system i root support cable also is the long adjustment amount of rope of this rope when adjusting Suo Li.
Δl
i＝l
i-l
oi (6)
Carry out the identification of slack line by slack line is carried out the mechanics equivalence with damaged cable in the present invention, the mechanical condition of equivalence is:
One. the mechanics parameters of initial drift, geometrical property parameter and material when the nothing of the rope of two equivalences relaxes with not damaged is identical;
Two. after the lax or damage, the Suo Li of the slack line of two equivalences and damage rope be out of shape after length overall identical.
When satisfying above-mentioned two equivalent conditions, the such mechanics function of two support cables in structure is exactly identical, if after promptly replacing slack line with the damaged cable of equivalence, Cable Structure any variation can not take place, vice versa.
Among the present invention, with i support cable (its current relax level Δ l
iDefinition) carries out the current virtual lesion degree d of virtual impaired support cable of equivalence
iDefinition (not damage is the expression difference to claim virtual lesion here because support cable in fact may be lax), d
iBe i the element of current virtual lesion vector d, formula (7) is seen in the definition of d.The current relax level Δ l of i lax support cable
iVirtual current degree of injury d with equivalent damaged cable
iBetween relation determine by aforementioned two mechanics equivalent conditions.Δ l
iSame d
iBetween physical relationship can adopt accomplished in many ways, for example can directly determine (referring to formula (8)) according to aforementioned equivalent condition, also can adopt based on the Ernst equivalent elastic modulus to replace the E in the formula (8) to revise back definite (referring to formula (9)), also can adopt and determine based on other methods such as trial and error procedure of finite element method.
d＝[d
1?d
2···d
i···d
N]
T (7)
D in the formula (7)
i(i=1,2,3 ...., N) be the current virtual lesion degree of cable system i root support cable; d
iBe to represent not damaged at 0 o'clock, represent that this Suo Buneng provides any supporting power to structure for 100% o'clock, represent to lose the load-bearing capacity of corresponding proportion in the time of between 0 and 100%.
E is the elastic modulus of this support cable in formula (8) and the formula (9), and A is the cross-sectional area of this support cable, F
iBe the current cable power of this support cable, d
iBe the virtual lesion degree of this support cable, ω
iBe the weight of the unit length of this support cable, l
IxIt is the horizontal range of two supporting end points of this support cable.Item in the formula (9) in [] is the Ernst equivalent elastic modulus of this support cable, can just can determine the current relax level vector of support cable Δ l by formula (8) or formula (9).Formula (9) is the correction to formula (8).
" the whole monitored strain data of structure " can be described by the strain specified point of K on the structure, that reach L assigned direction of each specified point, and the variation of structural strain data is exactly the variation of all strains of K specified point.(individual strain measurement value of M=K * L) or calculated value characterize structural strain information to each total M.K and M generally must not be less than the quantity N of rope.
For simplicity, in the present invention " the monitored strain data of structure " abbreviated as " monitored amount ".When mentioning " monitored amount so-and-so matrix or so-and-so vector " in the back, also can be read as " strain so-and-so matrix or so-and-so vector ".
Among the present invention with monitored amount initial vector C
oThe vector (seeing formula (10)) that the initial value of all monitored amounts of expression Cable Structure is formed.Because of subject to the foregoing, the monitored amount of calculating gained based on the calculating benchmark model of Cable Structure approaches the measured data of initial monitored amount reliably, in the narration of back, will represent this calculated value and measured value with prosign.
C
o＝[C
o1?C
o2···C
oj···C
oM]
T (10)
C in the formula (10)
Oj(j=1,2,3 ...., M; M 〉=N) is the original bulk of j monitored amount in the Cable Structure, this component according to coding rule corresponding to specific j monitored amount.
Represent the vector (formula (11) is seen in definition) that the currency of all monitored amounts in the Cable Structure is formed with the current vectorial C of monitored amount among the present invention.
C＝[C
1?C
2···C
j···C
M]
T (11)
C in the formula (11)
j(j=1,2,3 ...., M; M 〉=N) is the currency of j monitored amount in the Cable Structure, this component C
jAccording to coding rule and C
OjCorresponding to same " monitored amount ".
2. set up the monitored quantitative change matrix of Cable Structure virtual unit damage Δ C.
On the basis of the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of Cable Structure, carry out several times and calculate, equal the quantity of all support cables on the calculation times numerical value.Calculating each time in the hypothesis cable system has only a support cable that virtual unit damage D is arranged
u(virtual unit damage should be less, for example getting 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% equivalent damage is virtual unit damage), the rope that occurs damage in calculating each time is different from the rope that occurs damage in other time calculating, calculate the current calculated value that all utilizes mechanics method (for example finite element method) to calculate all monitored amounts of Cable Structure each time, (when hypothesis i root rope had unit damage, available formula (12) was represented monitored amount calculation current vector C to monitored amount calculation current vector of current calculated value composition of the monitored amount of all that calculate each time
t i); Calculate monitored amount calculation current vector each time and deduct monitored amount initial vector, the gained vector is exactly that the monitored quantitative change vector of (is mark with the position of support cable that unit damage is arranged or numbering etc.) (when i root rope has unit damage, is used δ C under this condition
iRepresent monitored quantitative change vector, formula (13) is seen in definition, formula (13) deducts formula (10) gained for formula (12)), each element representation of monitored quantitative change vector supposition owing to calculating has the change amount of the pairing monitored amount of this element that the unit damage of the Na Gensuo of unit damage causes; There is N root rope that N monitored quantitative change vector just arranged, because M monitored amount arranged, so each monitored quantitative change vector has M element, form the monitored quantitative change matrix of the virtual unit damage that M * N element arranged Δ C successively by this N monitored quantitative change vector, the definition of Δ C as the formula (14).
Elements C in the formula (12)
Tj i(i=1,2,3 ...., N; J=1,2,3 ...., M; M 〉=when N) expression has unit damage owing to i root rope, according to the current calculated amount of the pairing j of coding rule monitored amount.
Δ C in the formula (4)
J, i(i=1,2,3 ...., N; J=1,2,3 ...., M; The expression of M 〉=N) only since i root rope have that unit damage causes, according to the variation (algebraic value) of the current numerical value of calculating of the individual monitored amount of the pairing j of coding rule.Monitored quantitative changeization vector δ C
iBe actually the row among the matrix Δ C, that is to say that formula (14) also can write an accepted way of doing sth (15).
ΔC＝[δC
1?δC
2···δC
i···δC
N] (15)
3. the current vectorial C of the monitored amount of cable system (calculating or actual measurement) is with monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, unit damage scalar D
uAnd the linear approximate relationship between current virtual lesion vector d, shown in (16) or formula (17).
Represented that rope thoroughly lost load-bearing capacity at 100% o'clock if establish rope damage and be, when actual damage is not too big, (for example be not more than 30% damage) so, because the Cable Structure material still is in the linear elasticity stage, the distortion of Cable Structure is also less, and the represented a kind of like this linear relationship of formula (16) or formula (17) is less with the error of actual conditions.Error with linear relationship shown in the linear relationship error vector e expression (16) of formula (18) definition or the formula (17).
Abs () is the function that takes absolute value in the formula (18), and each element of the vector of trying to achieve in the bracket is taken absolute value.
Second portion of the present invention: adjust the recognition methods of the support cable of Suo Li based on the need of the Cable Structure of knowledge base (containing parameter) and the monitored amount of actual measurement.
Because there are certain error in formula (16) or the represented linear relationship of formula (17), therefore can not be simply directly find the solution and obtain the vectorial d of current virtual lesion according to formula (16) or formula (17) and the current vectorial C of the monitored amount of actual measurement.If done like this, the element among the current virtual lesion vector d that obtains even bigger negative value can occur, just negative damage, corresponding lax be exactly negative relaxing, this obviously is irrational.Therefore acceptable the separating that obtains current virtual lesion vector d (promptly has reasonable error, but can from cable system, determine the position and the virtual lesion degree thereof of virtual damaged cable more accurately) become a rational solution, available formula (19) is expressed this method.
Abs () is the function that takes absolute value in the formula (19), and vectorial g describes the reasonable deviation that departs from ideal linearity relation (formula (16) or formula (17)), is defined by formula (20).
g＝[g
1?g
2···g
j···g
M]
T (20)
G in the formula (20)
i(j=1,2,3 ...., M) maximum allowable offset of the ideal linearity relation that departs from shown in formula (16) or the formula (17) has been described.Vector g can be selected according to the error vector e tentative calculation of formula (18) definition.
At monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, the actual measurement current vectorial C of monitored amount and unit damage D
uWhen (setting before calculating Δ C) is known, can utilize suitable algorithm (for example multi-objective optimization algorithm) to find the solution formula (19), obtaining current virtual lesion vector the acceptable of d separates, thereby determine the position and the virtual lesion degree of virtual damaged cable, can determine the position and the relax level of slack line then according to formula (7), formula (8) (or formula (9)), just determine to need to adjust rope and the long adjustment amount of rope thereof of Suo Li.
Third part of the present invention: the need that are used to discern cable system are adjusted the software and hardware part of structural healthy monitoring system of the support cable of Suo Li.Hardware components comprises monitoring system (monitoring the horizontal range of monitored amount, Suo Li, support cable two supporting end points), signal picker and computing machine etc.Require to monitor in real time or quasi real time the Suo Li of each monitored amount, each support cable, require to monitor in real time or quasi real time the horizontal range of each support cable two supporting end points.Software should the following function of tool: the data in real time that software section at first transmits according to monitoring system or quasi real time analyze the horizontal range that obtains the current vectorial C of monitored amount, current cable force vector F and each support cable two supporting end points, the monitored quantitative change matrix of cable system virtual unit damage Δ C, the monitored amount initial vector C of reading pre-stored then
o, initial rope force vector F
oWith virtual unit damage value D
uFind the solution formula (19) according to suitable algorithm (for example multi-objective optimization algorithm), obtain the noninferior solution of the current virtual lesion vector d of cable system, just have reasonable error but can from cable system, determine the position of virtual damaged cable and separating of virtual lesion degree thereof more exactly.Numerical value is not that the support cable of 0 element correspondence is exactly possible slack line or possible damaged cable among the current virtual lesion vector d, its numerical response the degree of lax or damage, after methods such as use Non-Destructive Testing therefrom identify true damaged cable, remaining virtual damaged cable is exactly the rope that needs to adjust Suo Li, can determine the position and the relax level of slack line then according to formula (7), formula (8) (or formula (9)).
The inventive method specifically comprises:
A. determine the coding rule of rope, with rope numberings all in the Cable Structure, this numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix in subsequent step by this rule;
B. determine the measured point of appointment, measured point promptly characterizes all specified points of structural strain information, and gives all specified point numberings; Determine measured should the changing direction of measured point, and give the measured strain numbering of all appointments; Above-mentioned numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix in subsequent step." the whole monitored strain data of structure " is made up of above-mentioned all measured strains.For simplicity, in the present invention " the monitored strain data of structure " abbreviated as " monitored amount ".The quantity of measurement point must not be less than the quantity of rope; The quantity sum of all measured strains must not be less than the quantity of rope;
C. do not have lax, not damaged conditioned disjunction in support cable and can think not have under lax, the not damaged condition, directly measure the initial Suo Li of all support cables that calculate Cable Structure, form initial rope force vector F
oSimultaneously, obtain the initial drift of all ropes, form the initial drift vector of support cable l according to structural design data, completion data
oSimultaneously, directly measure the initial value of all monitored amounts that calculate Cable Structure, form monitored amount initial vector C
oSimultaneously, actual measurement obtains the initial geometric data of Cable Structure;
D. according to the above-mentioned measured data of design drawing, as-constructed drawing and the Cable Structure of Cable Structure, set up the mechanics model of Cable Structure, computational data based on this Model Calculation gained is approaching more good more with above-mentioned measured data, difference therebetween must not be greater than 5%, and this moment, this model was called as the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of structure.
E. on the basis of Mechanics Calculation benchmark model, carry out the several times Mechanics Calculation, obtain the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C by calculating;
F. actual measurement obtains the current cable power of all support cables of Cable Structure, forms current cable force vector F; Simultaneously, actual measurement obtains all monitored amounts, forms the current vectorial C of monitored amount; Simultaneously, actual measurement obtains the horizontal range of each support cable two supporting end points;
G. define the current virtual lesion vector of cable system d, the element number of current virtual lesion vector equals the quantity of rope, be one-to-one relationship between the element of current virtual lesion vector and the rope, the element numerical value of current virtual lesion vector is represented the virtual lesion degree or the health status of corresponding rope;
H. the current vectorial C of the monitored amount of foundation is with monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, virtual unit damage scalar D
uAnd the linear approximate relationship that exists between current virtual lesion vector d, this linear approximate relationship can be expressed as formula 1, and other amount in the formula 1 except that d is known, finds the solution formula 1 and just can calculate current virtual lesion vector d.Numerical value is not that the support cable of 0 element correspondence is exactly possible slack line or possible damaged cable among the current virtual lesion vector d, its numerical response the degree of lax or damage;
I. identify damaged cable from possible slack line and damaged cable, remaining is exactly slack line.
J. by slack line is carried out the relax level that slack line is calculated in the mechanics equivalence with damaged cable, the mechanical condition of equivalence is: the mechanics parameters of initial drift, geometrical property parameter, density and material when one, the nothing of the rope of two equivalences relaxes with not damaged is identical; Two, after the lax or damage, the Suo Li of the slack line of two equivalences and damage rope be out of shape after length overall identical.When satisfying above-mentioned two equivalent conditions, the such mechanics function of two support cables in structure is exactly identical, if after promptly replacing slack line with the damaged cable of equivalence, Cable Structure any variation can not take place.Try to achieve the relax level that those are judged as slack line according to aforementioned mechanics equivalent condition, relax level is exactly the change amount of support cable drift, has just determined the long adjustment amount of rope of the support cable that those need adjust Suo Li.The health monitoring that has so just realized having comprised lax identification and damaged the cable system of the Cable Structure of discerning.
In step e, the concrete grammar that obtains the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C is:
E1. on the basis of the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of structure, carry out the several times Mechanics Calculation, equal the quantity of all ropes on the calculation times numerical value, there is N root rope that N calculating is just arranged, calculating each time in the hypothesis cable system has only a rope that virtual unit damage is arranged, the rope that occurs damage in calculating each time is different from the rope that occurs damage in other time calculating, calculate the current numerical value of all monitored amounts in the Cable Structure each time, the current numerical value of the monitored amount of all that calculate is formed a monitored amount calculation current vector each time;
E2. the monitored amount calculation current vector of that calculates each time deducts monitored amount initial vector and obtains a monitored quantitative change vector; There is N root rope that N monitored quantitative change vector just arranged;
E3. form the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage that the N row are arranged successively by this N monitored quantitative change vector.
Beneficial effect: system and method disclosed by the invention is having only under the impaired or lax condition of not many support cable (for example 30 ropes or 30% rope) monitoring and evaluation very exactly to go out health status (position and the relax level or the degree of injury that comprise all slack lines and damaged cable of cable system, because this moment, the distortion of Cable Structure was less, linear relationship is better).When impaired or slack line a lot (for example synchronous impaired or lax more than 30 ropes or 50% above rope), monitoring and evaluation goes out position and the relax level or the degree of injury of most slack lines and damaged cable quite exactly.Consider rope damage and lax normally lack of balance, the damage of cable system and relax usually also synchronously impaired or lax by little gradually big, non-a large amount of ropes, system and method disclosed by the invention is very useful to effective health monitoring of cable system, identification is needed to adjust the rope of Suo Li, and estimate that the rope length that needs to adjust is very useful.
Embodiment
At the health monitoring of the cable system of Cable Structure, the invention discloses a kind of system and method for health status of each root rope of the cable system that can monitor Cable Structure rationally and effectively.The following describes of embodiments of the invention in fact only is exemplary, and purpose never is to limit application of the present invention or use.
The present invention adopts a kind of algorithm, and this algorithm is used for monitoring the health status (the impaired and relax level that comprises rope) of the cable system of Cable Structure.During concrete enforcement, the following step is a kind of in the various steps that can take.
The first step: determine the coding rule of rope, with rope numberings all in the Cable Structure, this numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix in subsequent step by this rule.Determine measured point (promptly all characterize the specified point of structural strain information, are provided with K specified point), give all specified point numberings; Determine the measured strain (establishing the strain of L assigned direction measuring each specified point) of each specified point, and give all measured strain numberings; Above-mentioned numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix equally in subsequent step.Each specified point can be exactly a near point the fixed endpoint (drag-line that for example is cable-stayed bridge is at the stiff end on the bridge floor) of each root rope, and this point generally should not be a stress concentration point, to avoid occurring excessive strain measurement value; This numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix equally in subsequent step.In the strain that each specified point can only be measured a direction, the strain that also can measure a plurality of directions." the whole monitored strain data of structure " described by strain K specified point, that cross L assigned direction of each specified point on top definite structure, and the variation of structural strain is exactly the variation of the strain of all assigned directions all specified points, all appointment straight lines.(individual strain measurement value of M=K * L) or calculated value characterize the strain information of structure to each total M.K and M must not be less than the quantity N of support cable.For simplicity, in the present invention " the monitored strain data of structure " abbreviated as " monitored amount ".
Second step: do not have lax, not damaged conditioned disjunction in support cable and can think not have under lax, the not damaged condition, directly measure the initial Suo Li of all support cables that calculate Cable Structure, form initial rope force vector F
o, N root rope F is arranged
oIndividual element (analogize the back) is just arranged; Simultaneously, obtain the initial drift of all ropes, form the initial drift vector of support cable l according to structural design data, completion data
oSimultaneously, directly measure the initial value of all monitored amounts that calculate Cable Structure, form monitored amount initial vector C
o, M monitored amount arranged, C
oM element (analogize the back) just arranged; Simultaneously, survey or obtain elastic modulus, density, initial cross sectional area, the initial drift of all ropes according to structural design, completion information; Calculate the original geometric form data (is exactly its initial bridge type data for cable-stayed bridge) of Cable Structure after directly measuring or measuring.
The 3rd step: the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of setting up Cable Structure.Design drawing according to Cable Structure, the measured data of as-constructed drawing and Cable Structure (comprises structure original geometric form data, the initial angle coordinate data, the initial Suo Li of all ropes, data such as structural modal data, to cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge and the bridge type data of Yan Shiqiao, the angle coordinate data, the rope force data, the modal data of bridge), utilize mechanics method (for example adopting finite element method) to set up the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of this structure (for example finite element benchmark model), the computational data that calculates structure based on this benchmark model must be very near its corresponding measured data, and error generally must not be greater than 5%.The initial value of all monitored amounts that calculate on the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model is formed monitored amount and is calculated initial vector.
The 4th step: set up the monitored quantitative change matrix of Cable Structure virtual unit damage Δ C.On the basis of the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of Cable Structure, carry out several times and calculate, equal the quantity of all ropes on the calculation times numerical value.Calculating each time in the hypothesis cable system has only a rope that virtual unit damage D is arranged
u(virtual unit damage should be less, for example getting 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% equivalent damage is virtual unit damage), the rope that occurs damage in calculating each time is different from the rope that occurs damage in other time calculating, calculate all monitored amounts of all utilizing mechanics method (for example adopting finite element method) to calculate Cable Structure each time, calculate all monitored numerical quantities each time and form a monitored amount calculation current vector; The monitored amount calculation current vector that calculates each time deducts monitoring variable and calculates initial vector, the gained vector is exactly the monitored quantitative change vector of (is mark with the position of rope that virtual unit damage is arranged or numbering etc.) under this condition, and each element representation of monitored quantitative change vector supposition owing to calculating has the change amount of the monitored amount of the pairing appointment of this element that the virtual unit damage of the Na Gensuo of virtual unit damage causes; There is N root rope that N monitored quantitative change vector just arranged, each monitored quantitative change vector has M element, form the monitored quantitative change matrix of the virtual unit damage that M * N element arranged Δ C successively by this N Suo Li change vector, each row of the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C are corresponding to a monitored quantitative change vector in other words.
The 5th step: set up linear relationship error vector e and vectorial g.Utilize data (the monitored amount initial vector C in preceding four steps
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C), when the 4th step calculated each time, promptly in that " calculating each time in the hypothesis cable system is having only a rope that virtual unit damage D is arranged
uThe rope that occurs damage in calculating each time is different from the rope that occurs damage in other time calculating, calculate each time and all utilize mechanics method (for example adopting finite element method) to calculate in the Cable Structure the current numerical value of all monitored amounts in the cable system, calculate each time and form a monitored amount calculation current vector C " time; calculate each time and form a current virtual lesion vector d, have only the numerical value of an element to get D in all elements of this current virtual lesion vector d
u, the numerical value of other element gets 0, and numerical value is D among the current virtual lesion vector d
uThe unit damage degree D of element impaired rope of unique supposition when calculating corresponding to this time
uWith C, C
o, Δ C, D
u, d brings formula (18) into, obtains a linear relationship error vector e, calculates a linear relationship error vector e each time; Have N root rope that N calculating is just arranged, N linear relationship error vector e just arranged, will obtain a vector after this N the linear relationship error vector e addition, the new vector that each element of this vector is obtained after divided by N is exactly final linear relationship error vector e.Vector g equals final linear relationship error vector e.
The 6th step: the hardware components of pass line structural healthy monitoring system.Hardware components comprises at least: horizontal range monitoring system (for example measuring with total powerstation), signal picker, the computing machine and the panalarm of communicating by letter of monitored amount monitoring system (for example containing strain gauge sensors, signal conditioner etc.), cable force monitoring system (for example containing acceleration transducer, signal conditioner etc.), each support cable two supporting end points.The horizontal range of the Suo Li of each monitored amount, each support cable and each root support cable two supporting end points all must arrive by monitored system monitoring, and monitoring system is transferred to signal (data) collector with the signal that monitors; Signal is delivered to computing machine through signal picker; Computing machine then is responsible for the health monitoring software of the cable system of operation Cable Structure, comprises the signal that the transmission of tracer signal collector comes; Have lax or during damage when monitoring rope, the computer control communication panalarm to monitor staff, owner and (or) personnel of appointment report to the police.
The 7th step: with initial rope force vector F
o, monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, virtual unit damage D
u, all ropes the parameters such as unit weight of initial drift, elastic modulus, initial cross sectional area, rope be kept on the hard disc of computer of operation health monitoring systems software in the mode of data file.
The 8th step: work out also the cable system health monitoring systems software of installation and operation Cable Structure on computers.This software comprises following several functional module: read initial rope force vector F the data file on being stored in hard disc of computer 1.
o, monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, virtual unit damage D
u, initial drift, elastic modulus, the initial cross sectional area of all ropes, all call parameters such as unit weight of rope.2. the signal that transmits by signal picker of (or trigger-type) at random record regularly.3. the signal to record carries out signal Processing, calculates horizontal range, the current numerical value of all monitored amounts and the current cable power of all ropes of two supporting end points of all ropes, and the current numerical value of all monitored amounts is formed the current vectorial C of monitored amount.4. the current vectorial C of the monitored amount of foundation is with monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, virtual unit damage D
uAnd the linear approximate relationship (formula (16)) that exists between the current virtual lesion vector d of cable system (the current virtual lesion amount by all ropes is formed), calculate the noninferior solution of the current virtual lesion vector of cable system d according to multi-objective optimization algorithm, just have reasonable error but can from all ropes, determine slack line or the position of damaged cable and separating of degree of injury thereof more exactly.
The multi-objective optimization algorithm that can adopt has a variety of, for example: based on the multiple-objection optimization of genetic algorithm, based on the multiple-objection optimization of artificial neural network, based on the multi-objective optimization algorithm of population, multiple-objection optimization, leash law (Constrain Method), weighted method (Weighted Sum Method) or goal programming method (Goal Attainment Method) or the like based on ant group algorithm.Because various multi-objective optimization algorithms all are conventional algorithms, can realize easily, this implementation step is that example provides the process of finding the solution the vectorial d of current damage with the goal programming method only, and the specific implementation process of other algorithm can realize in a similar fashion according to the requirement of its specific algorithm.
According to the goal programming method, formula (16) can transform the multi-objective optimization question shown in an accepted way of doing sth (21) and the formula (22), γ is a real number in the formula (21), R is a real number field, area of space Ω has limited the span (each element of present embodiment requirements vector d is not less than 0, is not more than 1) of each element of vectorial d.The meaning of formula (21) is to seek the real number γ of an absolute value minimum, makes formula (22) be met.G (d) is defined by formula (23) in the formula (22), the deviation that allows between middle G (d) of the product representation formula (22) of weighing vector W and γ and the vectorial g in the formula (22), and the definition of g is referring to formula (20), and its value calculates in the 5th step.Vector W can be identical with vectorial g during actual computation.The concrete programming of goal programming method realizes having had universal program directly to adopt.Just can damage vectorial d according to the goal programming method in the hope of current cable.
minimize?γ
(21)
γ∈R，d∈Ω
G(d)-Wγ≤g (22)
If the numerical value of a certain element of the current virtual lesion vector d that solves is 0, represent that the pairing rope of this element is intact, not lax or damage; If its numerical value is 100%, represent that then the pairing rope of this element has completely lost load-bearing capacity; If its numerical value between 0 and 100%, is then represented this rope and has been lost the load-bearing capacity of corresponding proportion.5. data systematic function.Can regularly or by the personnel operation health monitoring systems generate cable system health condition form.6. warning function.Under specified requirements, automatically the operation communication panalarm to monitor staff, owner and (or) personnel of appointment report to the police.
The 9th step: because the element numerical value of current virtual lesion vector d is represented the virtual lesion degree of corresponding rope, so it is impaired or relaxed and possible degree of injury or relax level just to define which Suo Keneng according to current virtual lesion vector, but damage has taken place actually or has taken place to relax in these ropes, need differentiate.The method of differentiating is varied; can be by removing the protective seam of support cable; support cable is carried out visual discriminating; perhaps carry out visual discriminating by optical imaging apparatus; also can be by lossless detection method to support cable impaired discriminating the whether, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) is exactly a kind of present widely used lossless detection method.Those do not find to damage and the virtual lesion degree is not that 0 support cable is exactly that lax rope has taken place to differentiate the back, need adjust the rope of Suo Li exactly.Those are judged to be lax support cable, use among the current virtual lesion vector d that previous step tries to achieve corresponding to the element of this support cable, can be according to formula (8) or formula (9) in the hope of the relax level (being the long adjustment amount of rope) of these ropes.So just realized comprising the health monitoring of the cable system of damage identification and the lax Cable Structure of discerning.
Claims (2)
1. discern the method for support cable that need to adjust Suo Li based on strain monitoring for one kind, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
A. determine the coding rule of rope, with rope numberings all in the Cable Structure, this numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix in subsequent step by this rule;
B. determine the measured point of appointment, measured point promptly characterizes all specified points of structural strain information, and gives all specified point numberings; Determine measured should the changing direction of measured point, and give the measured strain numbering of all appointments; Above-mentioned numbering will be used to generate the vector sum matrix in subsequent step; " the whole monitored strain data of Cable Structure " is made up of above-mentioned all measured strains; " the monitored strain data of Cable Structure " abbreviated as " monitored amount ", and the quantity of measurement point must not be less than the quantity of rope; The quantity sum of all measured strains must not be less than the quantity of rope;
C. do not have lax, not damaged conditioned disjunction in support cable and can think not have under lax, the not damaged condition, directly measure the initial Suo Li of all support cables that calculate Cable Structure, form initial rope force vector F
oSimultaneously, obtain the initial drift of all ropes, form the initial drift vector of support cable l according to structural design data, completion data
oSimultaneously, directly measure the initial value of all monitored amounts that calculate Cable Structure, form monitored amount initial vector C
oSimultaneously, actual measurement obtains the initial geometric data of Cable Structure;
D. according to the above-mentioned measured data of design drawing, as-constructed drawing and the Cable Structure of Cable Structure, set up the mechanics model of Cable Structure, computational data based on this Model Calculation gained is approaching more good more with above-mentioned measured data, difference therebetween must not be greater than 5%, and this moment, this model was called as the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of structure;
E. on the basis of Mechanics Calculation benchmark model, carry out the several times Mechanics Calculation, obtain the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C by calculating;
F. actual measurement obtains the current cable power of all support cables of Cable Structure, forms current cable force vector F; Simultaneously, actual measurement obtains all monitored amounts, forms the current vectorial C of monitored amount; Simultaneously, actual measurement obtains the horizontal range of each support cable two supporting end points;
G. define the current virtual lesion vector of cable system d, the element number of current virtual lesion vector equals the quantity of rope, be one-to-one relationship between the element of current virtual lesion vector and the rope, the element numerical value of current virtual lesion vector is represented the virtual lesion degree or the health status of corresponding rope;
H. the current vectorial C of the monitored amount of foundation is with monitored amount initial vector C
o, the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C, unit damage scalar D
uAnd the linear approximate relationship that exists between current virtual lesion vector d, this linear approximate relationship can be expressed as formula 1, other amount in the formula 1 except that current virtual lesion vector d is known, find the solution formula 1 and just can calculate current virtual lesion vector d, numerical value is not that the support cable of 0 element correspondence is exactly possible slack line or possible damaged cable among the current virtual lesion vector d, its numerical response the degree of lax or damage;
I. identify damaged cable from possible slack line and damaged cable, remaining is exactly slack line;
J. by slack line is carried out the relax level that slack line is calculated in the mechanics equivalence with damaged cable, the mechanical condition of equivalence is: the mechanics parameters of initial drift, geometrical property parameter, density and material when one, the nothing of the rope of two equivalences relaxes with not damaged is identical; Two, after the lax or damage, the Suo Li of the slack line of two equivalences and damage rope is identical with the length overall after the distortion, when satisfying above-mentioned two equivalent conditions, the mechanics function of two support cables in structure like this is exactly identical, if promptly behind the damaged cable replacement slack line with equivalence, any variation can not take place in Cable Structure; Try to achieve the relax level that those are judged as slack line according to aforementioned mechanics equivalent condition, relax level is exactly the change amount of support cable drift, just determined the long adjustment amount of rope of the support cable that those need adjust Suo Li, the health monitoring that has so just realized having comprised lax identification and damaged the cable system of the Cable Structure of discerning.
2. according to claim 1ly discern the method for support cable that need to adjust Suo Li, it is characterized in that in step e the concrete grammar that obtains the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage Δ C is based on strain monitoring:
E1. on the basis of the Mechanics Calculation benchmark model of structure, carry out the several times Mechanics Calculation, equal the quantity of all ropes on the calculation times numerical value, there is N root rope that N calculating is just arranged, calculating each time in the hypothesis cable system has only a rope that virtual unit damage is arranged, the rope that occurs damage in calculating each time is different from the rope that occurs damage in other time calculating, calculate the current numerical value of all monitored amounts in the Cable Structure each time, the current numerical value of the monitored amount of all that calculate is formed a monitored amount calculation current vector each time;
E2. the monitored amount calculation current vector of that calculates each time deducts monitored amount initial vector and obtains a monitored quantitative change vector; There is N root rope that N monitored quantitative change vector just arranged;
E3. form the monitored quantitative change matrix of virtual unit damage that the N row are arranged successively by this N monitored quantitative change vector.
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| CN101334275A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2008-12-31 | 东南大学 | Cable system health monitoring method based on strain monitoring cable structure |
| CN101504333A (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-08-12 | 东南大学 | Progressive health monitoring method for cable structure median cord system based on strain monitoring |
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| CN101334275A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2008-12-31 | 东南大学 | Cable system health monitoring method based on strain monitoring cable structure |
| CN101504333A (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-08-12 | 东南大学 | Progressive health monitoring method for cable structure median cord system based on strain monitoring |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张戌社等.应变模态在斜拉索损伤诊断中的应用.《机械设计与制造》.2008,(第1期),75-76. * |
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