CN101694205A - Control method of wind collecting-type vertical-shaft fan and wind generating set thereof - Google Patents
Control method of wind collecting-type vertical-shaft fan and wind generating set thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101694205A CN101694205A CN200910206815A CN200910206815A CN101694205A CN 101694205 A CN101694205 A CN 101694205A CN 200910206815 A CN200910206815 A CN 200910206815A CN 200910206815 A CN200910206815 A CN 200910206815A CN 101694205 A CN101694205 A CN 101694205A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of a wind collecting-type vertical-shaft fan and a wind generating set thereof. The method is characterized in that the inflow wind speed, the relative wind speed, the attack angle of blades and the driving force of wind wheels are controlled by adjusting the position angle of a wind collecting system of the wind collecting-type vertical-shaft fan, thus being capable of controlling wind energy efficiency and fan power; a wind collecting-type vertical-shaft wind-driven generator mainly consists of a main shaft, a wind wheel, a tower post, bearings, a pedestal, a gear box, a generator and the wind collecting system, wherein the wind collecting system mainly consists of a wind guiding wing, a wind collecting wing and a driving and controlling component; and the purpose of controlling the wind energy efficiency and the fan power is achieved by adjusting and controlling azimuth angels of the wind guiding wing and the wind collecting wing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the design and the manufacturing technology of wind power generating set, specifically is the controlling method and the wind power generating set thereof of collective wind type vertical shaft (claiming vertical shaft again) blower fan.
Background technique
For being in operation, blower fan reaches high wind energy efficiency and power control, existing controlling method substantially all adopts and becomes slurry technology and driftage technology, this method is effective to the control of horizontal axis type, but be used for vertical shaft type, particularly large-scale, there is no small problem in these technology: the one, and the blade of vertical-shaft fan is in the linear velocity operation on the wind wheel circumference, precession moment of torsion when regulating slurry elongation rotor blade easily causes blade to tremble and produces structural fatigue, has reduced the Security and the working life of blower fan; The 2nd, the blade pitgh of vertical-shaft fan is from bigger, and slurry elongation driving mechanism, particularly hydraulic pressure or Pneumatic component have improved and controlled cost, reduced control reliability in mechanism's complexity of motion with static connecting part; The 3rd, do not go off course phenomenon, no driftage technology of vertical-shaft fan can be sayed.
For fear of the problems referred to above occurring, the blade of vertical-shaft fan must be fixed with respect to wind wheel.Therefore, in servicely reach high wind energy efficiency and power control just must be adopted new controlling method.
The present invention has designed a kind of adjustable collection wind system, has proposed the wind energy efficiency of a kind of blade vertical-shaft fan fixing with respect to wind wheel and the solution of power control.This is a kind of brand-new controlling method, has also designed a kind of novel collective wind type vertical-shaft aerogenerator group simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
A kind of collective wind type vertical-shaft aerogenerator group that the objective of the invention is to design a kind of controlling method of collective wind type vertical-shaft fan and realize described controlling method.
Purpose of the present invention can be by realizing by the following technical solutions:
A kind of controlling method of collective wind type vertical-shaft fan, the orientation angles that it is characterized in that the collection wind system by regulating the collective wind type vertical-shaft fan can be controlled the wind speed v that becomes a mandarin, and the become a mandarin angle of attack of wind speed v and relative speed of wind u, relative speed of wind u and blade, the angle of attack of blade and the driving force F of wind wheel
1, wind wheel driving force F
1And associated with each other between the power of fan, therefore can reach the purpose of controlling power of fan by the orientation angles of regulating the collection wind system; Described collection wind system by at least three wind lead 8 and driving element form, wind is led 8 and is made of the collection wind wing 4, the wind-guiding wing 5 and column 6, both are connected to the both sides of column 6 and both all can rotate around column 6 to it is characterized in that collecting the wind wing 4 and the wind-guiding wing 5, it is the center of circle that column 6 vertically and each other places axle center with blower fan main shaft 1 equally spacedly, to be on the circumference f of radius greater than the wind wheel 2 radiuses+wind-guiding wing 5 width, the collection wind wing 4 is positioned at the outside of described circumference f, the inboard that the wind-guiding wing 5 is positioned at described circumference f; The azimuth angle theta that the collection wind wing 4 rotates is that line a and the azimuthal angle beta that collects angle between the wind wing 4 cross-section center line b, 5 rotations of the wind-guiding wing in column 6 cross-section center points and main shaft 1 cross section axle center is the angle between described line a and the wind-guiding wing 5 cross-section center line c; When with described driving element work that the collection wind wing 4 is connected with the wind-guiding wing 5, the collection wind wing 4 and the wind-guiding wing 5 rotate around column 6, regulate that azimuth angle theta and azimuthal angle beta change and change becomes a mandarin wind speed v.
A kind of collective wind type vertical-shaft aerogenerator, it is mainly by main shaft 1, wind wheel 2, pylon 3, bearing 7, pedestal 10, gearbox 11, generator 12 and collection wind system are formed, it is characterized in that: wind wheel 2 is connected on the main shaft 1, main shaft 1 is installed in the central position of pylon 3 by bearing 7, wind wheel 2 is installed in the inside of pylon 3, pylon 3 is fixed on above the pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and generator 12 are installed in pylon 3 underlying foundation 10 the insides, the lower velocity shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the bottom of main shaft 1, the high speed shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the rotor shaft of generator 12, and the collection wind system is installed on the pylon 3; Described wind wheel 2 is made up of at least two blades 9 and four cantilevers 13 at least, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9; Described pylon 3 by at least three root posts 6, at least six roots of sensation radial girders 16, six roots of sensation crossbeam 24 and at least two bearing supports 17 constitute at least, one end and the column 6 of radial girders 16 is connected, the other end and bearing support 17 are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent column 6 are connected; Described bearing 7 is installed in the middle of the bearing support 17, and described main shaft 1 is installed in the centre of described bearing 7; Described collection wind system by at least three wind lead 8 and driving element form, wind leads 8 by the collection wind wing 4, the column 6 of the wind-guiding wing 5 and described pylon 3 constitutes, the collection wind wing 4 is installed in described column 6 outsides and can rotates around column 6, the azimuth angle theta that the collection wind wing 4 rotates is the line a in column 6 cross-section center points and main shaft 1 cross section axle center and the angle between the collection wind wing 4 cross-section center line b, the wind-guiding wing 5 is installed in the inboard of described column 6 and can rotates around column 6, the azimuthal angle beta that the wind-guiding wing 5 rotates is the angle between described line a and the wind-guiding wing 5 cross-section center line c, described driving element is made up of driver 18 and transmission device 20, transmission device 20 is connected with the described wind-guiding wing 5 or is connected with the described collection wind wing 4, and driver 18 drives and control the azimuthal angle beta variation of the wind-guiding wing 5 or the azimuth angle theta variation of the driving and the control collection wind wing 4 by transmission device 20.Azimuth angle theta by regulating the collection wind the wing 4 or azimuthal angle beta size of the wind-guiding wing 5 is controlled the wind speed v that becomes a mandarin, the angle of attack of wind speed v and relative speed of wind u, relative speed of wind u and blade, the angle of attack of blade and the driving force F of wind wheel become a mandarin
1, wind wheel driving force F
1With related between the power of fan, by the azimuth angle theta of the adjusting collection wind wing 4 or the azimuthal angle beta control wind energy efficiency and the power of fan of the wind-guiding wing 5.
The present invention also comprises following technological scheme:
The another kind of structure of described wind wheel 2 is made up of at least two blades 9, four cantilevers 13 and four braces 21 at least at least, one end of brace 21 is connected with cantilever 13, the other end is connected with main shaft 1, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9.The another kind of mount scheme of described wind wheel 2 is vertically, connects at least two wind wheels 2 on described main shaft 1.
The another kind of structure of described pylon 3 be by at least three root posts 6, at least six roots of sensation radial girders 16, six roots of sensation crossbeam 24, at least two bearing supports 17 and at least three root posts 23 constitute at least, the two ends of column 6 and radial girders 16 are connected, one end and the bearing support 17 of radial girders 16 is connected, the other end and column 6 and column 23 is connected or be connected with crossbeam 24, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent two root posts 23 are connected.
Described wind is led 8 another kind of structure and is made up of the described collection wind wing 4, the described wind-guiding wing 5, described column 6, supporting element 14 and positioning work piece 22, it is characterized in that supporting element 14 is connected in column 6 outsides, the collection wind wing 4 is installed on the rotating shaft e of supporting element 14 vertical directions, the wind-guiding wing 5 is installed in the inboard of column 6 and can rotates around column 6, and positioning work piece 22 is installed on the supporting element 14; When positioning work piece 22 is in the location during working state, the collection wind wing 4 is fixed on the position of supporting element 14 the above azimuth angle theta, and when positioning work piece 22 is in when locating working state, the collection wind wing 4 can rotate around the vertical rotating shaft e of supporting element 14 under wind action with the wind.Described wind is led the third structure of 8 and is made up of the described collection wind wing 4, the described wind-guiding wing 5, described column 6 and described column 23, the collection wind wing 4 is installed on the position of described azimuth angle theta between column 6 and the column 23, and the wind-guiding wing 5 is connected the inboard of column 6 and can rotates around column 6.It is only to form by being connected on the described column 6 and around the described wind-guiding wing 5 that column 6 rotates that described wind is led 8 the 4th kind of structure.It is vertically that described wind is led 8 another kind of mount scheme, at least two group wind is installed on described pylon 3 is led, and every group of wind is directed at fewly leads 8 by three wind and form.
A kind of design proposal of described transmission device 20 is by retarder 19, at least two guide wheel assemblies 25, wire rope 26 and at least three wire rope links 15 are formed, it is characterized in that guide wheel assembly 25 is installed in the neutral position of crossbeam 24 between adjacent two described columns 6 or the described column 23, wire rope 26 is connected with the wind-guiding wing 5 by link 15, wire rope 26 forms closed on the motive power wheel of retarder 19 output shafts through the guide wheel solderless wrapped connection on the guide wheel assembly 25 between the wind-guiding wing 5, the input shaft of retarder 19 is connected with the axle of driver 18 for motor, drives the wind-guiding wing 5 and rotate around column 6 when motor rotates.Second kind of design proposal of described transmission device 20 is made up of link 27, rotating shaft 28 and link 29, an end that it is characterized in that link 29 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the wind-guiding wing 5, one end of link 27 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the axle of driver 18 for stepper motor, stepper motor is installed on the column 6, drives the wind-guiding wing 5 and rotate around column 6 when described stepper motor rotates.The third design proposal of described transmission device 20 is to constitute transmission device 20 by driver 18 for the stroke lever of hydraulic press, it is characterized in that transmission device 20 and driver 18 are one, described hydraulic press is installed in described radial girders 16 or is installed on the described crossbeam 24, the stroke lever of described hydraulic press is connected with the wind-guiding wing 5, drives the wind-guiding wing 5 during hydraulic press work and rotates around column 6.Three kinds of design proposals with the above transmission device 20 can drive the described collection wind wing 4 equally around column 6 rotations, only the place that connects the wind-guiding wing 5 need be changed into connect to collect the wind wing 4.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The one, in described collection wind system, two adjacent wind lead that to have formed with the intersection point of the collection wind wing 4 cross-section center line b or the intersection point of the wind-guiding wing 5 cross-section center line c between 8 be the sector region of the fan heart; Wind is during through above-mentioned sector region, and flow area is a process from large to small, because Bernoulli (Bernoulli) effect of fluid, blast and wind speed are the processes of changing from small to big, and therefore, it is to assemble wind energy, raising wind speed that wind is led 8 effects that play; Because cube being directly proportional of the power of wind energy and wind speed is so one of effect of the present invention is to have improved the wind energy power that blows on the fan blade.
The 2nd, to adopt rising the blower fan that pushes away type blade (this blade and wind do time spent can produce thrust, can produce lift again), wind speed hour blade power mainly by thrust provide, the power of blade was mainly provided by lift when wind speed was big, simply say sense of rotation with respect to wind wheel, the thrust of blade derives from the wind, lift is approximate derives from against the wind, and producing thrust is different with the wind direction that produces lift.Therefore, only can not effectively utilize liter to push away the performance of type blade with directed collection wind system.In collection wind system of the present invention, wind leads 8 the function of regulating distinguished and admirable guiding, and the wind that the collection wind wing 4 is fixedly mounted on the azimuth angle theta position is led 8, has only the wind-guiding wing 5 can regulate distinguished and admirable guiding; When the collection wind wing 4 is fixedly mounted on the orientation of azimuth angle theta ≠ 0, the collection wind wing 4 forms the fan-shaped fan heart and does not overlap with the axle center of main shaft 1, the collection wind wing 4 of this moment can form the directed distinguished and admirable guiding that departs from main shaft 1 axle center but can not regulate guiding, the effect of the wind-guiding wing 5 is further to change on the guiding that the collection wind wing 4 is determined and regulate distinguished and admirable guiding, and determining of azimuth angle theta value is relevant with the average annual wind speed of blower fan infield; Can both lead 8 around the wind that column 6 rotates to collection the wind wing 4 and the wind-guiding wing 5, change and to regulate the scope of distinguished and admirable guiding bigger.Wind lead 8 change and another effect of regulating distinguished and admirable guiding be around wind wheel 2, form more exert oneself distinguished and admirable, thereby increase exerting oneself the time of blade.Two of effect of the present invention is effectively to utilize to rise the performance that pushes away the type blade, improves the Wind Power Utilization efficient of blower fan.
The 3rd, collection wind system of the present invention can be assembled wind energy, improve wind speed and fan efficiency, can also be when wind speed surpass rated wind speed, and regulate wind and lead and 8 overflow unnecessary wind energy, keep blower fan under rated wind speed, to move; By azimuthal angle beta of regulating the wind-guiding wing 5 and become a mandarin wind speed v, relative speed of wind u and the angle of attack of azimuth angle theta control action on blade 9 that collects the wind wing 4, thereby reach the purpose of controlling power of fan.Existing power of fan controlling method is the slurry square angle by adjusting vane, controls the angle of attack of blade; When fan operation, blade is a moving element, to moving element, particularly large-scale, implements control and relates to a lot of problems.In contrast to this, power of the present invention control is to realize by the collection wind system that is installed on the pylon, and when fan operation, pylon 3 and wind lead 8 with respect to control and to carry out driving mechanism be static, and it is simple relatively a lot of to implement the problem that control relates to.Three of effect of the present invention is adjustings of leading by to the static part wind in the fan operation, controls the power of blower fan, and this is a brand-new power of fan controlling method.
The 4th, main shaft 1 of the present invention and wind wheel 2 all place among the pylon 3, reduced bending resistance square requirement of strength to main shaft 1 and wind wheel 2, main shaft 1 runs through whole wind wheel 2, and the structure of wind wheel 2 is simplified and compactness, has therefore reduced the cost of material of main shaft 1 and the manufacture cost of wind wheel; Because pylon 3 of the present invention is bigger than the span of common vertical-shaft fan pylon, can adopt many column structures, and this is provided with the requirement of collection wind system just, so the pylon column structurally is a dual-use material.It is little that main shaft 1 of the present invention, wind wheel 2, pylon 3 and wind are led the corresponding overall cost difference of vertical-shaft fan that 8 overall cost and same capability do not have the collection wind system, but the control reliability that controlling method of the present invention is brought, easy implementation and advantage is remarkable cheaply are mainly reflected in that the precession moment of torsion, gyroscopic torque, the blade that produce when not having the controlled motion parts in the implementation process of controlling method of the present invention tremble, blade strength requires the relative problem such as high with driving mechanism complexity, the rate of fault of static part connecting part of high relatively, moving element.Wind of the present invention is led 8 outsides that are arranged on wind wheel 2, can reduce the impact of fitful wind to a considerable extent to blade 9, the collection wind wing 4 can be removed collection wind function voluntarily and rotate with the wind when strong wind, reduce strong wind to the surge pressure of blower fan, the Security that improves blower fan, eliminated fitful wind and strong wind and blade has been impacted the main root that causes fan trouble, component life reduction even fatigue fracture.Structure of the present invention is led 8 convenience is provided wind wheel 2 and wind are installed, pylon 3 is installed and is installed similar to common power transmission tower, pylon 3 install the back hoist crane or jack are installed at the top just can lifting part, generator 12 and gearbox 11 are installed in below the pylon 3, therefore need not rent crab, reduce and install and maintenance cost.Four of effect of the present invention is the reliabilities that improved control procedure, reduces the factor of initiating failure, prolongs fan life, reduces control, blade, installation and maintenance cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of two kinds of quaterfoil wind wheels and two kind of three blade wind wheel among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the two wind wheels of a kind of quaterfoil among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a kind of quaterfoil four wind wheels among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of three blades, six wind wheels among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of a kind of two blades, four wind wheels among the present invention
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of a kind of triple helical blade wind wheel among the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of a kind of five blade wind wheels among the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of two kind of five prismatic pylon among the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of two kinds of square pylons among the present invention.
Figure 10 is the structural representation of a kind of six prismatic pylons among the present invention.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of a kind of prismatic pylon among the present invention.
Figure 12 is five kinds of structural representations that wind is led among the present invention, and wherein figure (a) and figure (c) belong to a kind of.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one, and wherein figure (a) does not install wind wheel.
Figure 14 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two, and wherein figure (a) does not install wind wheel.
Figure 15 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention three, and wherein figure (a) does not install wind wheel.
Figure 16 is that (figure a) and embodiment's five (figure b) structural representation for the embodiment of the invention four.
Figure 17 is the wind guide structure schematic representation of the embodiment of the invention four.
Figure 18 is the drive location of the embodiment of the invention one wind-guiding wing and a cross sectional representation of transmission structures.
Figure 19 is that positioning work piece is in the location working state (figure is a) and when going to locate working state (figure b), and the collection wind wing is in the cross sectional representation of diverse location in the embodiment of the invention two.
Figure 20 is the cross sectional representation of two kinds of guiding leading of the embodiment of the invention one apoplexy, and partial enlarged view wherein is that the collection wind wing azimuth angle theta under two kinds of guiding states and the position of wind-guiding wing azimuthal angle beta and wind guide structure concern schematic representation.
Figure 21 is that the wind wheel with the embodiment of the invention one is an example, and the schematic representation of the active force of wind on the fan blade that does not have the collection wind system is described.
Figure 22 changes the driving force F that causes wind to produce at blade to regulate wind-guiding wing azimuthal angle beta in the embodiment of the invention one
1Be changed to example, the principle schematic of blower control method of the present invention is described.
The symbol lexical or textual analysis of using in specification of the present invention and the Figure of description is as follows:
W-nature wind speed, v, the v '-wind speed that becomes a mandarin, the relative speed of wind of ω-blade rotation,
U, u '-relative speed of wind (the vector resultant wind velocity of the wind speed that promptly becomes a mandarin+blade rotation relative speed of wind),
Line between a-column 6 cross-section center points and the main shaft 1 cross section axle center,
The b-collection wind wing 4 cross-section center lines, c, the c '-wind-guiding wing 5 cross-section center lines,
The d-blade string of a musical instrument, the rotating shaft of the vertical direction on the e-supporting element 14
F-with the axle center of blower fan main shaft 1 be the center of circle, to be the circumference of radius greater than the wind wheel 2 radiuses+wind-guiding wing 5 width, column 6 vertically is distributed on this circumference equally spacedly,
The angle of attack of α, α '-blade (being the angle between d and u, d and the u '),
The azimythal angle (being the angle between a and the c) that β-the wind-guiding wing 5 rotates,
The azimythal angle (being the angle between a and the b) that θ-the collection wind wing 4 rotates,
The active force that F, F '-relative speed of wind u, u ' produce on blade,
F
1, F
1'-F, F ' perpendicular to the component of wind wheel radius, be the rotating drive power of wind wheel,
F
2, F
2'-F, F ' be parallel to the wind wheel radius component, be the axial force of wind wheel.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Figure 13 (b) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one, and it is by five rhombus pylons 3 shown in the main shaft shown in Fig. 1 (a) 1, quaterfoil wind wheel 2 and bearing 7, Fig. 8 (a), Figure 12 (a) and the wind (c) leads 8, pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and the generator 12 shown in the driver 18 shown in Figure 18 and Figure 12 (c) and transmission device 20, Figure 13 (a) formed; A quaterfoil wind wheel 2 is connected on the main shaft 1, main shaft 1 is installed in the central position of pylon 3 by bearing 7, wind wheel 2 is installed in the inside of pylon 3, pylon 3 is fixed on above the pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and generator 12 are installed in pylon 3 underlying foundation 10 the insides, and the lower velocity shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the bottom of main shaft 1, the high speed shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the rotor shaft of generator 12; Wind wheel structure is made of four blades 9 and eight cantilevers 13, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9; Pylon structure is made of five root posts 6, ten radial girders 16, ten crossbeams 24 and two bearing supports 17, and an end and the column 6 of radial girders 16 is connected, the other end and bearing support 17 are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent column 6 are connected; Bearing 7 is installed in the middle of the bearing support 17, and main shaft 1 is installed in the centre of bearing 7; The structure of collection wind system is that five collection wind wings 4 are installed in five root posts, 6 outsides respectively and can rotate around column 6, five wind-guiding wings 5 are installed in the inboard of five root posts 6 respectively and also can rotate around column 6, the driver 18 of five wind-guiding wings 5 is motors, be installed in the neutral position of the crossbeam 24 in pylon lower end, transmission device 20 is by a retarder 19, four guide wheel assemblies 25, steel cable 26 and five wire rope links 15 are formed, five wire rope links 15 are connected to the lower end of five wind-guiding wings 5, the neutral position of end floor beam 24 under guide wheel assembly 25 is installed between adjacent two columns 6, wire rope 26 is connected with five wind-guiding wings 5 respectively by five links 15, wire rope 26 forms closed on the motive power wheel of retarder 19 output shafts through the guide wheel solderless wrapped connection on four guide wheel assemblies 25 between the wind-guiding wing 5, the input shaft of retarder 19 is connected with the axle of motor, driving the wind-guiding wing 5 when motor rotates rotates around column 6, each collection wind wing 4 has a cover driver 18 and a transmission device 20, driver 18 is stepper motors, transmission device 20 is by link 27, rotating shaft 28 and link 29 are formed, one end of link 29 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the collection wind wing 4, one end of link 27 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the axle of stepper motor, five stepper motors are installed in respectively on five root posts 6, drive the collection wind wing 4 and rotate around column 6 when stepper motor rotates.Embodiment one characteristics are that the wind-guiding wing 5 and the collection wind wing 4 can both rotate, azimuth angle theta and β all can be conditioned (seeing Figure 20), be equivalent to regulate wind and lead 8 direction position, can regulate wind again and lead 8 tortuosity (being the angle between b and the c), it is big and control flows is higher to accuracy therefore to regulate the scope of distinguished and admirable guiding.
Figure 14 (b) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two, it by five rhombus pylons 3, Figure 12 (f) and wind shown in Figure 19 shown in Fig. 1 (a) and main shaft shown in Figure 31, four quaterfoil wind wheels 2 and bearing 7, Fig. 8 (a) lead 8 and driver 18 and transmission device 20, Figure 14 (a) shown in pedestal 10 and generator 12 form; Four quaterfoil wind wheels 2 are connected on the main shaft 1 along vertical adjacent two staggered 45 °, main shaft 1 is installed in the central position of pylon 3 by bearing 7, wind wheel 2 is installed in the inside of pylon 3, pylon 3 is fixed on above the pedestal 10, generator 12 is installed in pylon 3 underlying foundation 10 the insides, and the bottom of main shaft 1 directly is connected with the rotor shaft of the generator 12 of direct-driving type; Wind wheel structure has 16 blades 9 and 32 cantilevers 13 constitute, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9; Pylon structure is made of five root posts 6, ten radial girders 16, ten crossbeams 24 and two bearing supports 17, and an end and the column 6 of radial girders 16 is connected, the other end and bearing support 17 are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent column 6 are connected; Bearing 7 is installed in the middle of the bearing support 17, and main shaft 1 is installed in the centre of bearing 7; The structure of collection wind system is that five collection wind wings 4 are installed in five root posts, 6 outsides respectively and are connected on the column 6, on the rotating shaft e of two supporting element 14 vertical directions of hypomere, five positioning work pieces 22 are installed in five root posts, 6 outsides respectively and are connected on the supporting element 14 of column 6 hypomeres, when positioning work piece 22 is in the location working state, the collection wind wing 4 is fixed on the position of supporting element 14 the above azimuth angle theta, when positioning work piece 22 is in when locating working state, the collection wind wing 4 is under wind action, can rotate around the vertical rotating shaft e of supporting element 14 with the wind, five wind-guiding wings 5 are connected to the inboard of five root posts 6 and also can rotate around column 6, each wind-guiding wing 5 has a cover driver 18 and a transmission device 20, driver 18 is stepper motors, transmission device 20 is by link 27, rotating shaft 28 and link 29 are formed, one end of link 29 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the wind-guiding wing 5, one end of link 27 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the axle of stepper motor, five stepper motors are installed in respectively on five root posts 6, drive the wind-guiding wing 5 and rotate around column 6 when stepper motor rotates.Embodiment two characteristics are that the wind-guiding wing 5 can rotate, and the collection wind wing 4 is fixed when positioning work piece 22 is in the location working state, have only azimuthal angle beta to be conditioned, be equivalent to wind lead 8 direction position be fix, wind leads 8 tortuosity and can regulate, determining of the collection wind wing 4 azimuth angle theta values is relevant with the average annual wind speed in fan operation place, regulate the scope of distinguished and admirable guiding and flow to accuracy smaller than the embodiment of the invention one, but drive relative with control system simple; The collection wind wing 4 can be when strong wind, is in by control positioning work piece 22 and locatees working state, turns to wind speed w with the wind
2Direction on and remove its collection wind function (seeing Figure 19), to reduce the impact force of strong wind to blower fan.The embodiment of the invention two is applicable to that wind regime changes area greatly.
Figure 15 (b) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention three, it by five rhombus pylons 3, the wind shown in Figure 12 (b) shown in Fig. 1 (a) and main shaft shown in Figure 21, two quaterfoil wind wheels 2 and bearing 7, Fig. 8 (b) lead 8, driver 18, transmission device 20, pedestal 10 and the generator 12 shown in Figure 15 (a) form; Two quaterfoil wind wheels 2 are connected on the main shaft 1 along vertical staggered 45 °, main shaft 1 is installed in the central position of pylon 3 by bearing 7, wind wheel 2 is installed in the inside of pylon 3, pylon 3 is fixed on above the pedestal 10, generator 12 is installed in pylon 3 underlying foundation 10 the insides, and the bottom of main shaft 1 directly is connected with the rotor shaft of direct-driving type generator 12; Wind wheel structure is made of eight blades 9 and ten six roots of sensation cantilevers 13, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9; Pylon structure is made of five root posts 6, ten radial girders 16, ten crossbeams 24, two bearing supports 17 and five root posts 23, the two ends of column 6 and radial girders 16 are connected, one end and the bearing support 17 of radial girders 16 is connected, the other end and column 6 and column 23 are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent two root posts 23 are connected; Bearing 7 is installed in the middle of the bearing support 17, and main shaft 1 is installed in the centre of bearing 7; The structure of collection wind system is that five collection wind wings 4 are installed in respectively on the position of described azimuth angle theta between five root posts 6 and five root posts 23, five wind-guiding wings 5 are connected to the inboard of five root posts 6 and also can rotate around column 6, each wind-guiding wing 5 has a cover driver 18 and a transmission device 20, driver 18 is stepper motors, transmission device 20 is by link 27, rotating shaft 28 and link 29 are formed, one end of link 29 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the wind-guiding wing 5, one end of link 27 is connected with rotating shaft 28, the other end is connected with the axle of stepper motor, five stepper motors are installed in respectively on five root posts 6, drive the wind-guiding wing 5 and rotate around column 6 when stepper motor rotates.The characteristics of the embodiment of the invention three be the collection wind wing 4 be fix, the wind-guiding wing 5 can rotate, can only regulate azimuthal angle beta, be equivalent to wind lead 8 direction position be fix, wind leads 8 tortuosity and can regulate, determining of the collection wind wing 4 azimuth angle theta values is relevant with the average annual wind speed in fan operation place, the scope of regulating distinguished and admirable guiding with flow to the identical of accuracy and the embodiment of the invention two, but drive and low than the embodiment of the invention two of the cost of control system; Its pylon is the dual vertical structure, has improved the stability and the Security of blower fan, is applicable to the area that wind-force is bigger.
Figure 16 (a) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention four, it by square pylon 3, the wind shown in Figure 12 (d) shown in Fig. 1 (c) and main shaft shown in Figure 41, six three blade wind wheels 2 and bearing 7, Fig. 9 (b) lead 8, pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and the generator 12 shown in wind guide structure shown in Figure 17 and driver 18 thereof and transmission device 20, Figure 16 (a) form; Six three blade wind wheels 2 are connected on the main shaft 1 along vertical adjacent two staggered 60 °, main shaft 1 is installed in the central position of pylon 3 by bearing 7, wind wheel 2 is installed in the inside of pylon 3, pylon 3 is fixed on above the pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and generator 12 are installed in pylon 3 underlying foundation 10 the insides, and the lower velocity shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the bottom of main shaft 1, the high speed shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the rotor shaft of generator 12; Wind wheel structure is made of 18 blades 9 and 30 six roots of sensation cantilevers 13, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9; Pylon structure is made of four root posts 6, ten six roots of sensation radial girders 16, ten six roots of sensation crossbeams 24, four bearing supports 17 and four root posts 23, one end and the bearing support 17 of radial girders 16 be connected, eight be positioned at radial girders 16 the other ends and the column 6 of pylon 3 upper and lower end and column 23 is connected, eight are positioned at pylon 3 stage casings radial girders 16 the other ends and crossbeam 24 are connected, the two ends of four root posts 6 and eight radial girders 16 that are positioned at pylon 3 upper and lower end are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent two root posts 23 are connected; Bearing 7 is installed in the middle of the bearing support 17, and main shaft 1 is installed in the centre of bearing 7; The structure of collection wind system is vertically to connect three wind-guiding wings 5 in every inboard of four root posts 6, the strong wind of formation that is connected each other between these three wind-guiding wings 5 is led and can be rotated around column 6, respectively connect a hydraulic press at the two ends up and down that each strong wind is led, be that hydraulic press is that the stroke lever of driver 18, hydraulic press is a transmission device 20, eight hydraulic presses are installed in respectively on eight radial girders 16, drive strong wind during hydraulic press work and lead around column 6 rotations.The characteristics of the embodiment of the invention four be its wind guide structure be by three wind-guiding wings 5 that vertically are connected constitute be connected column 6 inboard and can be 6 that rotate around vertical shaft, no tortuosity or perhaps the strong wind plane, that the direction position can be regulated lead, the scope of regulating distinguished and admirable guiding is big but flow to accuracy low than the embodiment of the invention one, wind is led, the cost of driving and control system is relative low, pylon also is the dual vertical structure, is applicable to big type.
Figure 16 (b) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention five, it by main shaft shown in Figure 51, four two blade wind wheels 2 and bearing 7, Three Diamond pylon 3, the wind shown in Figure 12 (e) shown in Figure 11 lead 8, driver 18, transmission device 20, pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and the generator 12 shown in Figure 16 (b) form; Four two blade wind wheels 2 are connected on the main shaft 1 along vertical adjacent two staggered 90 °, main shaft 1 is installed in the central position of pylon 3 by bearing 7, wind wheel 2 is installed in the inside of pylon 3, pylon 3 is fixed on above the pedestal 10, gearbox 11 and generator 12 are installed in pylon 3 underlying foundation 10 the insides, and the lower velocity shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the bottom of main shaft 1, the high speed shaft of gearbox 11 is connected with the rotor shaft of generator 12; Wind wheel structure is made of eight blades 9 and ten six roots of sensation cantilevers 13, and an end of cantilever 13 is connected with main shaft 1, the other end is connected with blade 9; Pylon structure is made of three root posts 6, six roots of sensation radial girders 16, six roots of sensation crossbeam 24, two bearing supports 17, and an end and the bearing support 17 of radial girders 16 is connected, the other end and column 6 are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam 24 and adjacent two root posts 6 are connected; Bearing 7 is installed in the middle of the bearing support 17, and main shaft 1 is installed in the centre of bearing 7; The structure of collection wind system is that three wind-guiding wings 5 are installed in respectively on three root posts 6 and can rotate around column 6, the upper end of three wind-guiding wings 5 connects three hydraulic presses respectively, be that hydraulic press is that the stroke lever of driver 18, hydraulic press is a transmission device 20, three hydraulic presses are installed in respectively on three radial girders 16 of pylon upper end, drive the wind-guiding wing 5 during hydraulic press work and rotate around column 6.The characteristics of the embodiment of the invention five are centres that column 6 places the wind-guiding wing 5, the wind-guiding wing 5 can rotate around column 6, be equivalent to that wind leads that 8 direction position can be regulated, wind leads 8 tortuosity and is fixed to plane (be between b and the c angle=180 °), the scope of regulating distinguished and admirable guiding is big but flow to accuracy low than the embodiment of the invention one, and pylon, wind are led, the cost of driving and control system is relative low.
Be explained in detail below in conjunction with a pair of controlling party ratio juris of the present invention of drawings and Examples.
Figure 20 is that the wind of the embodiment of the invention one collection wind system is led 8 cross sectional representation under two kinds of guiding states, in conjunction with wherein partial enlarged view as seen, the center of circle of circumference f is the axle center of wind wheel 2 and main shaft 1, the radius of circumference f is greater than the width of the radius+wind-guiding wing 5 of wind wheel 2, five root posts 6 are vertically and each other equally spacedly respectively on circumference f, five collection wind wings 4 are connected to the outside that is positioned at circumference f on five root posts 6 and also can rotate around column 6, five wind-guiding wings 5 are connected to and are positioned at the inboard of circumference f on five root posts 6 and can rotate around column 6, and the azimuth angle theta that the collection wind wing 4 rotates is the line a in column 6 cross-section center points and main shaft 1 cross section axle center and collects angle between the wind wing 4 cross-section center line b, the azimuthal angle beta that the wind-guiding wing 5 rotates is the angle between described line a and the wind-guiding wing 5 cross-section center line c; Figure 20 (a) is five collection wind wings 4 and five distinguished and admirable guiding schematic representation that the wind-guiding wing 5 all moves in the direction of the clock, and Figure 20 (b) is five collection wind wings 4 and five distinguished and admirable guiding schematic representation that the wind-guiding wings 5 all rotate by counter clockwise direction.
In service at vertical-shaft fan, whenever rotate a circle, the variation that the angle of attack experience of blade is 360 °, α only approximately≤± 30 ° of scopes in, wind acts on could produce lift on the blade, drive wind wheel, and in other angular range, blade is in stall conditions, unable driving wind wheel, so in service at vertical-shaft fan, the blade on the wind wheel drives the wind wheel rotation in the mode of relay by turns.Substantially, at a time have only two blades to provide power to the quaterfoil wind wheel to wind wheel.Therefore, in the description of controlling method principle of the present invention below and the diagram, only analyze two situations that blade windward active force changes in the embodiment of the invention one.
Figure 22 (a) is that the wind of the embodiment of the invention one collection wind system leads 8, with the initial state that is directed to shown in Figure 20 (a), wind wheel 2 with direction rotary course shown in the circular arc arrow in, regulating the wind-guiding wing 5 moves in the direction of the clock to the position shown in the dotted line, be to turn to c ' by c among Figure 22 (a)) process in, the main distinguished and admirable of natural wind speed w of two sector regions that form between three collection wind wings 4 on the windward side of flowing through change to the flow direction shown in the dotted line by the flow direction shown in the solid line; In order clearly to compare, Figure 22 (a) begins to regulate wind wheel 2 positions in the moment and the termination adjusting moment with the wind-guiding wing 5 and places on the identical angle orientation; Flow through the below and right-hand two blades on become a mandarin wind speed by v change to v ', relative speed of wind changes to α ' by the angle of attack that u changes to u ', blade by α, on blade the generation active force change to the rotating drive power of F ', wind wheel by F by F
1Change to F
1', the axial force of wind wheel is by F
2Change to F
2', as seen regulate effect that the wind-guiding wing 5 moves in the direction of the clock and be and reduce attack angle of blade, reduce the rotating drive power of wind wheel and increase the axial force of wind wheel, be i.e. α＞α ', F among Figure 22 (a)
1＞F
1', F
2＜F
2'; In like manner, the adjusting collection wind wing 4 moves in the direction of the clock and also obtains identical effect.Figure 22 (b) is that the wind of the embodiment of the invention one collection wind system leads 8, with the initial state that is directed to shown in Figure 20 (a), wind wheel 2 with direction rotary course shown in the circular arc arrow in, regulate the wind-guiding wing 5 by counterclockwise turning to the position shown in the dotted line, be when turning to c ' by c among Figure 22 (b), the main distinguished and admirable of natural wind speed w of two sector regions that form between three collection wind wings 4 on the windward side of flowing through change to the flow direction shown in the dotted line by the flow direction shown in the solid line; In order to know relatively, Figure 22 (b) begins to regulate wind wheel 2 positions in the moment and the termination adjusting moment with the wind-guiding wing 5 and places on the identical angle orientation; Flow through the below and right-hand two blades on become a mandarin wind speed by v change to v ', relative speed of wind changes to α ' by the angle of attack that u changes to u ', blade by α, on blade the generation active force change to the rotating drive power of F ', wind wheel by F by F
1Change to F
1', the axial force of wind wheel is by F
2Change to F
2', as seen regulating the wind-guiding wing 5 is the axial force that increases the rotating drive power of attack angle of blade, increase wind wheel and reduce wind wheel, i.e. α＜α ', F among Figure 22 (b) by the effect of counterclockwise rotating
1＜F
1', F
2＞F
2'; In like manner, regulate the collection wind wing 4 and also obtain identical effect by counterclockwise rotating.By above-mentioned analysis as seen, counterclockwise rotate the wind-guiding wing 5 or the collection wind wing 4 and will improve the Wind Power Utilization efficient of blade, the rotating drive power F of increase wind wheel
1Thereby, the power of raising blower fan; Clockwise direction rotate the wind-guiding wing 5 or the collection wind wing 4 will reduce blade Wind Power Utilization efficient, reduce the rotating drive power F of wind wheel
1Thereby, the power of reduction blower fan.Therefore, by regulating the method for collection wind system orientation angles, can reach the purpose of control wind energy efficiency and power of fan.
Figure 21 is that the wind wheel 2 with the embodiment of the invention one is an example, under the situation that does not collect wind system, the force diagram that wind produces on blade, in this case become a mandarin wind direction and natural wind are to consistent, be that v is parallel with w, the active force situation that wind produces in lower leaflet is more close with the situation of the lower leaflet that the collection wind system is arranged shown in Figure 22, but wind is bigger in the active force situation difference that right-hand blade produces, at the rotating drive power F that wind wheel on the right-hand blade that collects wind system is arranged shown in Figure 22
1Rotating drive power F than wind wheel on the right-hand blade of no collection wind system shown in Figure 21
1Much bigger.This shows, the collection wind system to natural wind to change make relative speed of wind u on the wind wheel windward side, on wider, be in the scope of exerting oneself of attack angle of blade α, this has improved the time of exerting oneself and the Wind Power Utilization efficient of blade, and has compensated wind to a great extent and lead the adverse effect that near the natural wind speed w speed it is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. the controlling method of a collective wind type vertical-shaft fan, the orientation angles that it is characterized in that the collection wind system by regulating the collective wind type vertical-shaft fan can control the wind speed that becomes a mandarin and (v), become a mandarin wind speed (v) with the angle of attack (α) of relative speed of wind (u), relative speed of wind (u) and blade, the angle of attack (α) of blade and the driving force (F1) of wind wheel, the driving force (F of wind wheel
1) and power of fan between associated with each other, therefore can reach the purpose of control power of fan by the orientation angles of regulating the collection wind system; Described collection wind system leads (8) by at least three wind and driving element is formed, wind is led (8) by the collection wind wing (4), the wind-guiding wing (5) and column (6) constitute, both are connected to the both sides of column (6) to it is characterized in that collecting the wind wing (4) and the wind-guiding wing (5), and both all can rotate around column (6), the axle center that column (6) vertically and each other is distributed in equally spacedly with blower fan main shaft (1) is the center of circle, to be on the circumference (f) of radius greater than wind wheel (2) radius+wind-guiding wing (5) width, the collection wind wing (4) is positioned at the outside of described circumference (f), the wind-guiding wing (5) is positioned at the inboard of described circumference (f); The azimythal angle (θ) that the collection wind wing (4) rotates be the line (a) in column (6) cross-section center point and main shaft (1) cross section axle center and collect the angle between the wind wing (4) the cross-section center line (b), the azimythal angle (β) of the wind-guiding wing (5) rotation is the line (a) in column (6) cross-section center point and main shaft (1) cross section axle center and the angle between the wind-guiding wing (5) the cross-section center line (c); When working with the described driving element that the collection wind wing (4) is connected with the wind-guiding wing (5), the collection wind wing (4) and the wind-guiding wing (5) rotate around column (6), control thereby adjusting azimythal angle (θ) and azimythal angle (β) change and become a mandarin wind speed (v).
2. according to a kind of collective wind type vertical-shaft aerogenerator group of the described controlling method of claim 1, mainly by main shaft (1), wind wheel (2), pylon (3), bearing (7), pedestal (10), gearbox (11), generator (12) and collection wind system are formed, it is characterized in that: wind wheel (2) is connected on the main shaft (1), main shaft (1) is installed in the central position of pylon (3) by bearing (7), wind wheel (2) is installed in the inside of pylon (3), pylon (3) is fixed on above the pedestal (10), gearbox (11) and generator (12) are installed in pylon (3) underlying foundation (10) the inside, and the collection wind system is installed on the pylon (3); Described wind wheel (2) is made up of at least two blades (9) and four cantilevers (13) at least, and an end of cantilever (13) is connected with main shaft (1), the other end is connected with blade (9); Described pylon (3) by at least three root posts (6), at least six roots of sensation radial girders (16), six roots of sensation crossbeam (24) and at least two bearing supports (17) constitute at least, one end of radial girders (16) and column (6) are connected, the other end and bearing support (17) are connected, and the two ends of crossbeam (24) and adjacent column (6) are connected; Described bearing (7) is installed in the middle of the bearing support (17), and described main shaft (1) is installed in the centre of described bearing (7); Described collection wind system leads (8) by at least three wind and driving element is formed, wind is led (8) column (6) formation by the described collection wind wing (4), the described wind-guiding wing (5) and described pylon (3), the collection wind wing (4) is connected described column (6) outside and can rotates around column (6), the wind-guiding wing (5) is connected described column (6) inboard and can rotates around column (6), when working with the described driving element that the collection wind wing (4) is connected with the wind-guiding wing (5), the collection wind wing (4) and the wind-guiding wing (5) rotate around described column (6).
3. according to claim 1 or the described collection wind system of claim 2, it is characterized in that described wind leads (8) and be made up of the described collection wind wing (4), the described wind-guiding wing (5), described column (6), supporting element (14) and positioning work piece (22), supporting element (14) is connected in column (6) outside, the collection wind wing (4) is installed in the rotating shaft (e) of supporting element (14) vertical direction, the wind-guiding wing (5) is connected column (6) inboard and can rotates around column (6), and positioning work piece (22) is installed on the supporting element (14); When positioning work piece (22) was in the location working state, the collection wind wing (4) was fixed on the position at the above azimythal angle of supporting element (14) (θ); When positioning work piece (22) is in when locating working state, the vertical rotating shaft (e) around supporting element (14) under wind action of the collection wind wing (4) is rotated with the wind.
4. according to claim 1 or the described collection wind system of claim 2, it is characterized in that described wind leads (8) and be made up of the described wind-guiding wing (5) and described column (6), the wind-guiding wing (5) is connected described column (6) and goes up and can rotate around column (6).
5. wind power generating set according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described pylon (3) by at least three root posts (6), at least six roots of sensation radial girders (16), six roots of sensation crossbeam (24), at least two bearing supports (17) and at least three root posts (23) constitute at least; The two ends of described column (6) and described radial girders (16) are connected, one end of described radial girders (16) and described bearing support (17) are connected, the other end and described column (6) and described column (23) is connected or be connected with crossbeam (24), and the two ends of described crossbeam (24) and adjacent two described columns (23) are connected.
6. according to claim 2 and claim 5 described wind power generating set, it is characterized in that described wind leads (8) and be made up of the described collection wind wing (4), the described wind-guiding wing (5), described column (6) and described column (23), the collection wind wing (4) is installed on the position at described azimythal angle (θ) between column (6) and the column (23), and the wind-guiding wing (5) is connected the inboard of column (6) and can rotates around column (6).
7. wind power generating set according to claim 2 is characterized in that described wind wheel (2) is made up of at least two blades (9), four cantilevers (13) and four braces (21) at least at least; One end of brace (21) is connected with cantilever (13), the other end is connected with main shaft (1), and an end of cantilever (13) is connected with main shaft (1), the other end is connected with blade (9).
8. according to claim 2 or claim 7 described wind power generating set, it is characterized in that vertically that go up connection one to 15 described wind wheel (2) at described main shaft (1), each wind wheel (2) is made up of two to 12 blades (9).
9. according to claim 2 or the described wind power generating set of claim 5, it is characterized in that described pylon (3) is made up of three to 24 root posts (6) or is made up of three to 24 root posts (6) and three to 24 root posts (23).
10. according to claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 6 or the described wind power generating set of claim 9, it is characterized in that vertically, go up at the column (6) of described pylon (3) and connect one to 15 described collection wind wing (4) with the wind-guiding wing (5) or be connected one to 15 described wind-guiding wing (5).
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| CN200910206815A CN101694205A (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | Control method of wind collecting-type vertical-shaft fan and wind generating set thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910206815A CN101694205A (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | Control method of wind collecting-type vertical-shaft fan and wind generating set thereof |
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| CN101694205A true CN101694205A (en) | 2010-04-14 |
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Application publication date: 20100414 |