CN101694088A - Rubber anti-collision pad - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rubber anti-collision pad which is manufactured from rubber products and attached with an aluminous plate on the facade; the outer side of the aluminous plate is attached with a reflecting film; the anti-collision pad adopts a hollow structure which is internally installed with an iron plate; and the iron plate is arranged at two sides of the hollow structure, positioned between rubbers and wrapped by rubbers so as to increase the absorbant energy when the anti-collision pad is collided. The rubber anti-collision pad has low cost, can absorb collision energy once an errant vehicle has collision with a guardrail, and bates damages to a driver and passengers; furthermore, the facade is pasted with a reflecting coating, thus being capable of inducing the sight line of the driver who then can clearly see the contour of roads and the lines of forwarding directions, and increasing driving safety.

Description

Rubber anti-collision pad

Technical field

The invention belongs to traffic and transport field, relate to bumper, especially a kind of rubber anti-collision pad.

Background technology

The effect of traffic safety facilities for protective safety device (for example hard shoulder), is to be provided with in order to protect vehicle and personal safety to greatest extent in essence.The purpose of hard shoulder is set, be in the traffic complex highway section, people's car mixes the walking along the street section and the motor vehicle bicycle mixes the setting of walking along the street section, to be used for separating the track, motor vehicle, bicycle, pedestrian are taken their own roads, and then reach the standard traffic behavior, the maximization road utilization rate is accelerated road speed and is guaranteed each track traffic safety.

In the road travel actual conditions, vehicle usually hits on the terminal and fixing object of undressed guardrail, because vehicle stops suddenly in the short time at the utmost point, huge acceleration causes great injury to vehicle and passenger probably.Simultaneously, the end of guardrail is cut the car cabin probably, or makes back overturning to lose control of one's vehicle, causes serious consequence.Need wait buffer deceleration gradually by the processing of guardrail termination, energy dissipating design, thus the order of severity of reduction accident.And hard shoulder is a kind of like this structure, and the research of this respect has abroad just been arranged very early.Make a general survey of the development of hard shoulder, its appearance, be the column hard shoulder that single concrete substrate is made the earliest, but this type of hard shoulder shortcoming is obvious, it is also not obvious to be placed on the improvement effect that in the road traffic is caused, also can cause unnecessary potential safety hazard, therefore, slowly eliminate pure concrete type hard shoulder in the world traffic system.Afterwards, isolated gate occurred, but at the section start of isolated gate, because the isolated gate lateral area is little, caused the driver to be difficult for finding, and also be very easy to cause traffic accident, therefore, it is bigger generally in the end of isolated gate surface area to be set now, detectable hard shoulder.

" urban highway traffic facilities design standard " that present China is formulating intended clearly proposing, and at shunting end and bridge pier front end bumper should be set.Though bumper at home and abroad is applied on the speedway, cost height, big, the installation difficulty of floor space are not suitable for urban road.

Based on above reason, it is extremely urgent to develop a kind of low-cost bumper at the urban road security protection.Because elastomeric material has that shock-absorbing capacity is good, cost is low, so the inventor developed a kind of novel rubber anti-collision pad, is able to satisfy the target of urban road security protection needs.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rubber anti-collision pad, it has good resiliency, and cost is low.

For reaching above purpose, solution of the present invention is:

A kind of rubber anti-collision pad, it adopts rubber to make, and aluminium sheet is posted in the front, and the aluminium sheet outside is pasted with reflective membrane.

Described rubber is selected natural gum, cis-butadiene cement, butadiene-styrene rubber for use, perhaps the mixture of these several rubber.

Described bumper is a hollow structure.

Described hollow structure is a four prism type, and its top and bumper top are at a distance of the distance of the 1/6-1/10 of bumper height, and bottom and bumper bottom are same horizontal level.

In the described hollow structure iron plate is installed, iron plate is installed on the hollow structure both sides, is between the rubber, is wrapped up by rubber.

The distance of outer is the 1/6-1/10 of bumper height about described iron plate top and bottom and the bumper, and lateral length is greater than the lateral length of hollow structure, and thickness is 2-3mm.

Described iron plate is parallel with the bumper inwall, and inwall 2-4cm.

Described aluminium sheet shape is corresponding with the bumper front, and thickness is 2-5mm.

Owing to adopted such scheme, the present invention to have following characteristics: rubber anti-collision pad cost of the present invention is low, in case and errant vehicle and guardrail when bumping, bumper can absorb collision energy, weakens the damage to driver and passenger; And paste reflecting coating in the front, the sight line that can induce the driver can clearly be seen the linear of the profile of road and direction of advance, increases traveling security.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the invention rubber anti-collision pad front schematic view.

Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the invention rubber anti-collision pad bottom schematic view.

Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the invention rubber anti-collision pad vertical view.

Fig. 4 is an embodiment of the invention rubber anti-collision pad side schematic view.

Fig. 5 is an emulation acceleration result schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is an emulation impact force result schematic diagram.

The specific embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.

As Fig. 1-shown in Figure 4, bumper 1 of the present invention is a rubber, it adopts hollow structure 2, and it generally is installed on the emphasis positions such as shunting end, bridge pier front end of end, the through street outlet trigonum of concrete guardrail, so its shaped design is close with the ordinary concrete hard shoulder.The outer top width of bumper 1 is 15cm, bottom width 52cm, lateral length 30cm, height 80cm.Inner hollow part 2 is shaped as quadrangular, and inwall rectangle specifications are 10cm * 20cm above the cavity 2, below the rectangle specification be 22 * 20cm, lateral length is 20cm, span outer top 10cm in above the cavity 2 extend to the bottom below it always, and promptly the bottom is opening form.Iron plate 3 is height 60cm vertically, are 10cm, lateral length 25cm, thickness 2mm apart from the distance of bumper outer about in the of 1.Iron plate 3 is between bumper 1 rubber, by the rubber parcel, is positioned over the cavity left and right sides and parallel with inwall, apart from inwall 2.5cm.Bumper 1 each side is provided with an iron plate, absorbent energy when being subjected to clashing into to increase bumper 1.Aluminium sheet 4 is pasted in the front that motor vehicle and bumper 1 clash into mutually and is installed, and profile is the same with the bumper front view, and thickness is 3mm, and it mainly is the adhesiveness that strengthens reflective membrane, the bounce of rubber anti-collision pad 1 during control collision simultaneously.Reflective membrane sticks on the aluminium sheet 4.

The present invention designs a kind of rubber anti-collision pad by choosing suitable elastomeric material, according to the mechanics parameter of selected elastomeric material, sets up the nonlinear finite element model of elastomeric material, and passes through the precision of member or single test calibrating patterns.By the computer simulation collision process, checking rubber anti-collision pad security performance.

Elastomeric material is selected:

The present invention adopts the rubber of the rubber fender that extensively applies to the harbour, process is to its stress-strain test that carries out, find that this material stress strain curve is approximately linear, elasticity is good, good telescopicing performance is arranged behind the pressurized, after unloading, can well reduce, guarantee the endurance quality of this rubber isolation pillar, be the crashproof material of desirable Road isolating pillar.

Following table is to choose the physical function parameter of elastomeric material:

Rubber can have been selected natural gum, cis-butadiene cement, butadiene-styrene rubber for use, the perhaps mixture of these several rubber, and the rubber that reaches parameter request described in the above table in other words gets final product.

The design of rubber anti-collision pad:

Through with reference to " highway traffic safety facilities design detailed rules and regulations " JTG/T D81-2006 and " highway traffic safety facility construction technique normalizing " JTG F71-2006, research and design a kind of rubber anti-collision pad, as shown in Figure 1.

Set up nonlinear finite element model and carry out simulation analysis according to elastomeric material:

The mechanical calculation of rubber anti-collision pad has mainly been used large deformation geometrical non-linearity, material nonlinearity, border nonlinear kinetics physical process, the famous in the world common finite element routine analyzer Ls-dyna that uses the exploitation of LSTC company finishes Modeling Calculation, its display analysis module can simulate real world various challenges, be particularly suitable for finding the solution the non-linear dynamic shock problems such as high velocity impact, blast and metal forming of various two dimensions, three dimensional non-linear structure, and the solid coupled problem of stream.

1. large deformation dynamic explicit Finite Element Method

The explicit finite element solving equation of large deformation kinetics that adopts Lagrangian increment to describe is:

$M\stackrel{\·\·}{x}\left(t\right)=P\left(t\right)-F\left(t\right)-C\stackrel{\·}{x}\left(t\right)---\left(1\right)$

In the formula: M is the oeverall quality matrix;

With

Be respectively integral node vector acceleration and velocity vector; P (t) is the overall load vector; F (t) is the whole equivalent node force vector of element stress field; C is overall damping matrix.

Adopt central difference method that formula (1) is carried out time integral:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\·\·}{x}\left(t_n\right)=M^{-1}[P\left(t_n\right)-F\left(t_n\right)-C\stackrel{\·}{x}\left(t_{n-\frac{1}{2}}\right)]\\ \stackrel{\·}{x}\left(t_{n+\frac{1}{2}}\right)=\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_{n-1}+\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_n)\stackrel{\·\·}{x}\left(t_n\right)\\ x\left(t_{n+1}\right)=x\left(t_n\right)+\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_n\stackrel{\·}{x}\left(t_{n+\frac{1}{2}}\right)\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{t}_{n-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{2}(t_n+t_{n-1})\\ t_{n+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{2}(t_{n+1}+t_n)\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right)$

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_{n-1}=(t_n-t_{n-1})\\ \mathrm{\Δ}{t}_n=(t_{n+1}-t_n)\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

In the formula:

X (t _N+1) be respectively t _nNode vector acceleration constantly,

Node speed vector sum t constantly _N+1Modal displacement vector constantly; P (t _n) and F (t _n) be respectively t _nLoad and nodal forces vector constantly.

Explicit central difference method is a conditional stability, and the only time step-length is less than threshold Δ t _CrThe time, result of calculation is just stable, promptly

$\mathrm{\Δt}\≤\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_{\mathrm{cr}}=\frac{2}{w_{\max }}=\frac{L_s}{c}---\left(5\right)$

$c=\sqrt{\frac{E}{\mathrm{\ρ}(1-{\mathrm{\υ}}^2)}}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula: w _MaxBe the highest eigentone of system; L _sBe element characteristic length; C is the velocity of sound; E is a Young's modulus of elasticity; ρ is a density of material; υ is a poisson's ratio; A _sBe cellar area; L _i(i=1,2,3,4) are the unit length of side.

2. material nonlinearity theory

Vehicle and guardrail mainly are made up of iron and steel class elastic-plastic material and rubber elastic material, and material easily produces surrender or fracture in collision process, because the or else proportional relation of stress-strain relation, so generating material is non-linear.

Obtain the material constitutive relation as simulation parameters by test, in the computational process, judge at first whether the structural stress state reaches surrender, if do not reach, then handle by the linear elasticity material constitutive, if stress surpasses yield strength, then by the stress-strain in plasticity or this structure of the brittle deformation computation structure.

In finite element analysis, adopt the V.Mises yield criterion to judge whether material enters plasticity:

F ⁰(σ _ij，k ₀)＝f(σ _ij)-k ₀＝0 (8)

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}f\left({\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{ij}}\right)=\frac{1}{2}{s}_{\mathrm{ij}}{s}_{\mathrm{ij}}\\ k_0=\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{\σ}}_{s0}^2\\ s_{\mathrm{ij}}={\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{ij}}-{\mathrm{\σ}}_m{\mathrm{\δ}}_{\mathrm{ij}}\\ {\mathrm{\σ}}_m=\frac{1}{3}({\mathrm{\σ}}_{11}+{\mathrm{\σ}}_{22}+{\mathrm{\σ}}_{33})\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right)$

In the formula, σ _IjExpression stress tensor component, k ₀It is given material parameter.F ⁰(σ _Ij, k ₀) be initial yield surface, σ _S0Be the initial yield stress of material, s _IjBe the deviating stress component of tensor, σ _mIt is mean normal stress.

S wherein _IjWith equivalent stress σ following relation is arranged:

$\frac{1}{2}{s}_{\mathrm{ij}}{s}_{\mathrm{ij}}=\frac{{\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{\σ}}}^2}{3}=J_2---\left(10\right)$

J ₂Be called second stress invariant,, obtain σ=σ (10) formula substitution (8) formula _S0, can obtain when equivalent stress equals the initial yield stress of material, material begins to enter plastic strain.

3. border Nonlinear Processing method

When bumping, can come in contact between the object, cause contact interface speed instantaneous discontinuous, the generation border is non-linear.Contact brings difficulty can for the discrete equation time integral, in finite element theory, penalty, dynamic constrained, three kinds of contacts of distributed constant processing mode is arranged.

The Means of Penalty Function Methods basic principle is: before each time step begins, at first check respectively whether pass through interarea from node, be left intact as not penetrating then.If penetrate, then penetrated introducing interface contact force between interarea from node and quilt at this, its size is directly proportional with penetration depth, interarea rigidity.This processing method is equivalent between the interface placement methods to spring, with restriction from node penetrating to interarea.

Dynamic constrained method basic principle is: before each time step Δ t revises configuration, search for that all do not contact with interarea from node, see whether in this Δ t, penetrated interarea.If penetrate, then dwindle Δ t, what make that those penetrate interarea just in time arrives interarea from node.Before calculating next Δ t, to all contact with interarea from the node condition that all imposes restriction, contact with interarea and do not run through from node with maintenance.In addition, check whether the unit under the node contact with interarea is subjected to action of pulling stress.As be subjected to tensile stress, and then apply release conditions, make node break away from interarea.

Distributed constant method basic principle is: each is being contacted half mass distribution from the unit on the major-surface-area that is touched, contacting from the internal stress of unit according to each simultaneously and determining to act on distribution pressure on the major-surface-area of accepting mass distribution.After finishing quality and pressure distribution, revise the interarea acceleration, then acceleration and speed from node are imposed restriction, slide at interarea from node with assurance, do not allow to penetrate interarea, thereby avoid rebound phenomena from node.

(as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6) utilizes above-mentioned finite element algorithm in simulation analysis of computer, and design parameters is analyzed and adjusted to the simulated crash process, the safety of check rubber anti-collision pad.Simulated conditions is the speed positive bump rubber anti-collision pad of the motor vehicle of two tons of deadweights with 40km/h.In the simulated crash process, vehicle collision bumper process attitude is good, the only preceding concave end of vehicle.

Machine emulation check as calculated, this rubber anti-collision pad safety is good, the energy that produces in the time of can effectively absorbing Vehicular impact, the safety of guarantee motor vehicle can satisfy urban road security protection requirement.

This rubber anti-collision pad is installed on the emphasis positions such as shunting end, bridge pier front end of end, the through street outlet trigonum of concrete guardrail; when the bump accident takes place when; this rubber anti-collision pad can effectively absorb Impact energy; reduce the bump counter-force; the safety of protection passenger, and can ego resilience behind bump.

The above-mentioned description to embodiment is can understand and apply the invention for ease of those skilled in the art.The person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art should be within protection scope of the present invention for improvement and modification that the present invention makes according to announcement of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. rubber anti-collision pad, it is characterized in that: it adopts rubber to make, and aluminium sheet is posted in the front, and the aluminium sheet outside is pasted with reflective membrane.

2. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described rubber is selected natural gum, cis-butadiene cement, butadiene-styrene rubber for use, perhaps the mixture of these several rubber.

3. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described bumper is a hollow structure.

4. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described hollow structure is a four prism type, and its top and bumper top are at a distance of the distance of the 1/6-1/10 of bumper height, and bottom and bumper bottom are same horizontal level.

5. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: in the described hollow structure iron plate is installed, iron plate is installed on the hollow structure both sides, is between the rubber, is wrapped up by rubber.

6. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the distance of outer is the 1/6-1/10 of bumper height about described iron plate top and bottom and the bumper, and lateral length is greater than the lateral length of hollow structure, and thickness is 2-3mm.

7. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described iron plate is parallel with the bumper inwall, and inwall 2-4cm.

8. rubber anti-collision pad as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described aluminium sheet shape is corresponding with the bumper front, and thickness is 2-5mm.

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